Transient Energy and Heat Transport in Metals

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ezzahri ◽  
A. Shakouri
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transport ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Phonon Scattering ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
New Formalism ◽  
Transient Energy ◽  
Scattering Time ◽  
Short Time ◽  
New Phenomena ◽  
Diffusive Part

A recently developed Shastry formalism for energy transport is used to analyze the temporal behavior of the energy and heat transport in metals. Comparison with Cattaneo’s equation is performed. Both models show the transition between ballistic and diffusive regimes. Furthermore, because the new model considers the discrete character of the lattice, it highlights some new phenomena such as oscillations in the energy transport at very short time scales. The energy relaxation of the conduction band electrons in metals is considered to be governed by the electron-phonon scattering, and the scattering time is taken to be averaged over the Fermi surface. Using the new formalism, one can quantify the transfer from ballistic modes to diffusive ones as energy propagates in the material and it is transformed into heat. While the diffusive contribution shows an almost exponentially decaying behavior with time, the non-diffusive part shows a damped oscillating behavior. The origin of this oscillation will be discussed as well as the effect of temperature on the dynamics of the energy modes transport.

scholarly journals Transient Energy and Heat Transport in Metals: Effect of the Discrete Character of the Lattice

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ezzahri ◽  
K. Joulain ◽  
A. Shakouri
Keyword(s):  
Wave Front ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Phonon Scattering ◽  
Delta Function ◽  
New Formalism ◽  
Discrete Character ◽  
Scattering Time ◽  
Short Time ◽  
New Phenomena

A recently developed Shastry’s formalism for energy transport is used to analyze the temporal and spatial behaviors of the electron energy and heat transport in metals under delta function excitation at the surface. Comparison with Cattaneo’s model is performed. Both models show the transition between nonthermal (ballistic) and thermal (ballistic-diffusive) regimes. Furthermore, because the new model considers the discrete character of the lattice, it highlights some new phenomena, such as damped oscillations, in the energy transport both in time and in space. The energy relaxation of the conduction band electrons in metals is considered to be governed by the electron-phonon scattering, and the scattering time is taken to be averaged over the Fermi surface. Using the new formalism, one can quantify the transfer from nonthermal modes to thermal ones as energy propagates in the material and it is transformed into heat. While the thermal contribution shows a wave-front and an almost exponentially decaying behavior with time, the nonthermal part shows a wave-front and a damped oscillating behavior. Two superimposed oscillations are identified, a fast oscillation that is attributed to the nonthermal nature of energy transport at very short time scales and a slow oscillation that describes the nature of the transition from the nonthermal regime to the thermal regime of energy transport.

Modelling the ocean circulation and the basal melting in the Prydz Bay-Amery Ice Shelf system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Jin ◽  
Antony J. Payne ◽  
William Seviour ◽  
Christopher Bull
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transport ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Water Masses ◽  
Prydz Bay ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Oceanic Circulation ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Thermodynamic Structure ◽  
Amery Ice Shelf ◽  
Basal Melting

<p>The basal melting of the Amery Ice Shelf (AIS) in East Antarctica and its connections with the oceanic circulation are investigated by a regional ocean model. The simulated estimations of net melt rate over AIS from 1976 to 2005 vary from 1 to 2 m/yr depending primarily due to inflow of modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW). Prydz Bay Eastern Costal Current (PBECC) and the eastern branch of Prydz Bay Gyre (PBG) are identified as two main mCDW intrusion pathways. The oceanic heat transport from both PBECC and PBG has significant seasonal variability, which is associated with the Antarctic Slope Current. The onshore heat transport has a long-lasting effect on basal melting. The basal melting is primarily driven by the inflowing water masses though a positive feedback mechanism. The intruding warm water masses destabilize the thermodynamic structure in the sub-ice shelf cavity therefore enhancing the overturning circulations, leading to further melting due to increasing heat transport. However, the inflowing saltier water masses due to sea-ice formation could offset the effect of temperature through stratifying the thermodynamic structure, then suppressing the overturning circulation and reducing the basal melting.</p>

scholarly journals Oceanic Overturning and Heat Transport: The Role of Background Diffusivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 701-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Hieronymus ◽  
Jonas Nycander ◽  
Johan Nilsson ◽  
Kristofer Döös ◽  
Robert Hallberg
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transport ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Meridional Heat Transport ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Antarctic Sea Ice ◽  
Meridional Overturning

The role of oceanic background diapycnal diffusion for the equilibrium climate state is investigated in the global coupled climate model CM2G. Special emphasis is put on the oceanic meridional overturning and heat transport. Six runs with the model, differing only by their value of the background diffusivity, are run to steady state and the statistically steady integrations are compared. The diffusivity changes have large-scale impacts on many aspects of the climate system. Two examples are the volume-mean potential temperature, which increases by 3.6°C between the least and most diffusive runs, and the Antarctic sea ice extent, which decreases rapidly as the diffusivity increases. The overturning scaling with diffusivity is found to agree rather well with classical theoretical results for the upper but not for the lower cell. An alternative empirical scaling with the mixing energy is found to give good results for both cells. The oceanic meridional heat transport increases strongly with the diffusivity, an increase that can only partly be explained by increases in the meridional overturning. The increasing poleward oceanic heat transport is accompanied by a decrease in its atmospheric counterpart, which keeps the increase in the planetary energy transport small compared to that in the ocean.

scholarly journals Thermal conductivity of silicon doped by phosphorus: ab initio study

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-724
Author(s):  
B. Andriyevsky ◽  
W. Janke ◽  
V.Yo. Stadnyk ◽  
M.O. Romanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Conductivity ◽  
Phonon Scattering ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Doped Semiconductors ◽  
Silicon Crystals ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Silicon Doped ◽  
Scattering Time ◽  
Phosphorus Doped

Abstract An original approach to the theoretical calculations of the heat conductivity of crystals based on the first principles molecular dynamics has been proposed. The proposed approach exploits the kinetic theory of phonon heat conductivity and permits calculating several material properties at certain temperature: specific heat, elastic constant, acoustic velocity, mean phonon scattering time and coefficient of thermal conductivity. The method has been applied to silicon and phosphorus doped silicon crystals and the obtained results have been found to be in satisfactory agreement with corresponding experimental data. The proposed computation technique may be applied to the calculations of heat conductivity of pure and doped semiconductors and isolators.

Impact of ohmic heating on energy transport in double diffusive Oldroyd-B nanofluid flow induced by stretchable cylindrical surface

2022 ◽  
pp. 095440892110641
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yasir ◽  
Awais Ahmed ◽  
Masood Khan ◽  
Zahoor Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Azam
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transport ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Ohmic Heating ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Polymer Processing ◽  
Nanofluid Flow ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Buongiorno’S Model ◽  
The Impact

The most important and significant research topic in mechanical and industrial engineering is the fluid flow with heat transport by a stretched surface because of the numerous applications. The impact of heat transport on product quality can be noticed in the field of chemical engineering, polymer processing, glass fiber production, hot rolling, metal extrusion, production of paper, and drawing of plastic films and wires. In light of such foregoing applications, an attempt is made to model the thermal and solutal diffusion phenomena in Oldroyd-B nanofluid flow over a stretching cylinder by using Buongiorno's model and Cattaneo-Cristov theory. To explore the heat flow mechanism in the flow, the effects of heat source/sink with ohmic heating are also considered. Additionally, the influence of chemical reactions is used to investigate the solutal transport process in nanofluid flow. The mathematical formulation section of the manuscript depicts the mathematical modeling of momentum, heat, and mass diffusion equations. The effect of dimensionless physical constraints on the flow, temperature, and concentration distributions of Oldroyd-B nanofluid flow are investigated using the homotopy analysis method (HAM) in Wolfram Mathematica. In the results and discussion section, graphical findings are displayed and physically justified. A section of concluding remarks is added at the end of the text to emphasize the study's major findings.

Thermal Transport Network Model for High-Porosity Materials: Application to Nanoporous Aerogels

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Smith ◽  
Peter D. Beutler ◽  
Cristina H. Amon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Amorphous Solid ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Published Data ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Predictive Tool

Nanoporous thin films have received attention in the microelectronics field for their application as next-generation low-k inner-layer dielectric (ILD) materials due dielectric constants approaching 1.4. In addition, emerging applications as thermal insulation for microsystems aim to exploit the materials’ unique thermal properties in sensor and component products. However, its thermal properties can vary greatly depending on fabrication processes and material morphology. In addition, a variety of transport phenomena are present and delineation among them is difficult. In this work, we examine heat transport in aerogel, one of the most common embodiments of nanoporous materials, to identify the main modes of energy transport. We employ a modified diffusion-limited cluster aggregation (DLCA) technique to simulate aerogel’s highly porous, amorphous solid structure. Network models then simulate heat transport through the structure to extract effective thermal conductivity. The models are verified by comparing calculated bulk data to published aerogel literature. Preliminary models yield thermal conductivity on the order of 0.010 W/m*K, which is consistent with published data for aerogel films. These values vary inversely with porosity of the aerogel following an inverse power law often used to fit aerogel experimental data. This methodology is most useful for examining the sensitivity of thermal conductivity to salient structural features such as porosity, pore size distribution, solid thermal properties, average branch width, and sub-continuum phenomena. The results of this study can be used as a predictive tool in optimizing aerogel fabrication process to yield morphologies that best-suit the requirements of the application.

50CrMo4 Steel-Determination of Mechanical Properties at Lowered and Elevated Temperatures, Creep Behavior, and Fracture Toughness Calculation

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brnic ◽  
M. Canadija ◽  
G. Turkalj ◽  
D. Lanc
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Procedure ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Versus Strain

In this paper, some interesting, experimentally determined actualities referring to the 50CrMo4 steel are presented. That way, the mechanical properties of the material are derived from uniaxial tensile tests at lowered and elevated temperatures. Engineering stress versus strain diagrams for both mentioned temperatures, curves representing the effect of temperature on specimen elongation, and short-time creep curves are given. Notch impact energy test was also carried out. Taking into consideration the service life of the final product of the mentioned steel widely used in engine and machine technology, all of the mentioned data may be relevant during design and manufacturing procedure.

Temperature and vagal effects

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Young
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Temperature Limit ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Choline Esterase ◽  
Short Time

Vagal effects were observed in isolated vagal heart preparations of Rana pipiens over periods as long as 72 hours. The normal effect was partially blocked by lowering the temperature to about 14°C, and there was a complete block at 10°C and below. On rewarming the preparation the vagal effects recurred; and this process could be repeated cyclically several times. The upper temperature limit of vagal effects seemed to be at 31°C above which the heart stopped. At 32°C however, the stopped heart was still susceptible to stimulation and it could be made to beat for a short time. Tetraethyl pyrophosphate lowered the critical temperature limit by about 3°. The activation energy of vagal effect was calculated in the neighborhood of 46,000 calories, which was similar to value of most enzymic function. It is therefore suggested that the observed phenomenon results primarily from the effect of temperature on choline esterase and acetylase systems.

scholarly journals Direct observation of large electron–phonon interaction effect on phonon heat transport

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawei Zhou ◽  
Hyun D. Shin ◽  
Ke Chen ◽  
Bai Song ◽  
Ryan A. Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transport ◽  
Phonon Scattering ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Phonon Transport ◽  
Phonon Interaction ◽  
Electron Phonon Interaction ◽  
Exciting Electron ◽  
Energy Conversion Devices ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAs a foundational concept in many-body physics, electron–phonon interaction is essential to understanding and manipulating charge and energy flow in various electronic, photonic, and energy conversion devices. While much progress has been made in uncovering how phonons affect electron dynamics, it remains a challenge to directly observe the impact of electrons on phonon transport, especially at environmental temperatures. Here, we probe the effect of charge carriers on phonon heat transport at room temperature, using a modified transient thermal grating technique. By optically exciting electron-hole pairs in a crystalline silicon membrane, we single out the effect of the phonon–carrier interaction. The enhanced phonon scattering by photoexcited free carriers results in a substantial reduction in thermal conductivity on a nanosecond timescale. Our study provides direct experimental evidence of the elusive role of electron–phonon interaction in phonon heat transport, which is important for understanding heat conduction in doped semiconductors. We also highlight the possibility of using light to dynamically control thermal transport via electron–phonon coupling.

The effect of latent heat transport by waves on Greenland Surface Mass Balance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomas Ilkka Henrikki Heiskanen ◽  
Rune Grand Graversen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Surface Mass Balance ◽  
Surface Mass ◽  
Circulation Patterns

<p>The Arctic region shows some of the world's most significant signs of climate change. The atmospheric energy transport plays an important role for the Arctic climate; the atmospheric transport contributes an amount of energy into the Arctic that is comparable to that provided directly by the sun. From recently developed Fourier and wavelet based methods it has been found that the planetary component of the latent heat transport affects that Arctic surface temperatures stronger than the decomposed dry-static energy transport and the synoptic scale component of the latent heat transport. </p><p>A large concern for humanity is that the climate change in polar regions will lead to significant melting of the ice sheets and glaciers. In fact the discharge water from the Greenland ice sheet has recently increased to the extent that this ice sheet is one of the major contributorsto sea-level rise. Here we test the hypothesis that the recent rapid increase in melt of the Greenland ice sheet is linked to a shift of planetary-scale waves transporting warm and humid air over the ice sheet.</p><p>The effect of the atmospheric energy transport is investigated by correlating the divergence of energy over the Greenland ice sheet with the surface mass balance of this ice sheet. The divergence of latent heat transport is found to correlate positively with the surface mass balance along the edges of the ice sheet, and negatively in the interior. This indicates that a convergence of latent at the edges of the ice sheet lead to a increased mass discharge from the ice sheet, whilst in the interior converging latent heat indicates an accumulation of mass to the ice sheet. </p><p>To investigate the effect of transport by planetary and synoptic scale waves on the Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance the mass flux component of the transport divergence is decomposed into wavenumbers through the application of a Fourier series. The divergences of transport contributions of each wavenumber are then correlated with the surface mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet. The correlations between the surface-mass balance and divergence of transport contributions by different wavenumbers reveals the relative impact of atmospheric circulation systems, such as Rossby waves and cyclones, on the Greenland ice sheet mass balance. Further, identifying shifts in the circulation patterns over Greenland by applying self organizing maps, or similar methods, and investigations of how these circulation patterns affect the energy transport over Greenland by atmospheric waves of different scales are also pursued.<br> <br>  </p>

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