Decommissioning Strategy Options for MR Reactor at the Kurchatov Institute, Moscow

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Cross ◽  
N. F. Harman ◽  
D. Charles ◽  
A. Harper ◽  
B. K. Bylkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactor Power ◽  
Materials Testing ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Kurchatov Institute ◽  
Attribute Analysis ◽  
Fuel Reactor ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Selection Of

The principal decommissioning goal for the nuclear installations of the Kurchatov Institute is the removal of spent fuel, reactor facilities and radioactive waste from the Institute’s site. As the result of decommissioning, the buildings, constructions and areas should be cleaned to residual contamination levels acceptable to the stakeholders. These levels are determined in view of possible options for the rehabilitation of the Institute’s areas under conditions of compliance with acting legislation for safety provisions for staff, population noting the proximity of the site to the local urban environment. Research reactor MR was commissioned in 1963 for reactor materials testing and finally shutdown in 1993. The reactor power with the experimental loops was 50 MWt. Several features were identified for the development of a decommissioning strategy for this reactor, namely: – the strategy should consider many factors in a broad approach with international, inter-industry and long-term perspectives; – the current situation for decommissioning is uncertain and must account for the views of a variety of stakeholders on possible final conditions and further use of the site and the route to achieve these; and – a lack of sufficiency in the national legislation base for execution of the work and the possible options for its completion. On the basis of worldwide experience, the strategy for decommissioning of reactor MR was determined as follows: – determination of the options for the final rehabilitation of the Institute’s areas; – determination of the stakeholders and their priority concerns; – determination of the strategy options for achievement of the final status; – determination of the main factors influencing the selection of the decommissioning strategy; – selection of the most acceptable strategies on the basis of a multi-attribute analysis; – determination of the main stages and principles of implementation of the selected strategy; and – development of the decommissioning activities considering the work that will be required. As the result of the multi-attribute analysis, the following conclusion has been made: – the preferred final status of the facility is for a nuclear re-use application; – the preferred decommissioning option is immediate dismantling.

scholarly journals Selection of Satellite Image Series for the Determination of Forest Pathology Dynamics Taking Into Account Cloud Coverage and Image Distortions Based on the Data Obtained from the Key Point Detector

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Евгений Трубаков ◽  
Evgeniy Trubakov ◽  
Андрей Трубаков ◽  
Andrey Trubakov ◽  
Дмитрий Коростелёв ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Image ◽  
Forest Pathology ◽  
Acceptable Result ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cloud Coverage ◽  
Point Detector ◽  
Automated Methods ◽  
Selection Of

Remote sensing of the earth and monitoring of various phenomena have been and still remain an important task for solving various problems. One of them is the forest pathology dynamics determining. Assuming its dependence on various factors forest pathology can be either short-term or long-term. Sometimes it is necessary to analyze satellite images within a period of several years in order to determine the dynamics of forest pathology. So it is connected with some special aspects and makes such analysis in manual mode impossible. At the same time automated methods face the problem of identifying a series of suitable images even though they are not covered by clouds, shadows, turbulence and other distortions. Classical methods of nebulosity determination based either on neural network or decision functions do not always give an acceptable result, because the cloud coverage by itself can be either of cirrus intortus type or insignificant within the image, but in case of cloudiness it can be the reason for wrong analysis of the area under examination. The article proposes a new approach for the analysis and selection of images based on key point detectors connected neither with cloudiness determination nor distorted area identification, but with the extraction of suitable images eliminating those that by their characteristics are unfit for forest pathology determination. Experiments have shown that the accuracy of this approach is higher than of currently used method in GIS, which is based on cloud detector.

scholarly journals Age-Related Immunoreactivity Profiles to Diverse Mycobacterial Antigens in BCG-Vaccinated Chinese Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-yuan Yang ◽  
Yu-tong Zhang ◽  
Jia-ni Xiao ◽  
Yu-shuo Liang ◽  
Ping Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elispot Assay ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Latent Tb Infection ◽  
Mycobacterial Antigens ◽  
Selection Of

Long-term immunoreactivity to mycobacterial antigens in Bovis Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated population is not well investigated. Herein, 361 volunteer healthy donors (HDs) with neonatal BCG vaccination from Shanghai region (China) were enrolled. They were subdivided into ESAT-6/CFP10- (E6C10-) and ESAT-6/CFP10+ (E6C10+) groups based on gamma-interferon release assays (IGRAs). Three mycobacterial antigens, including Rv0934, Rv3006, and Rv3841, were subjected to the determination of immunoreactivity by ELISPOT assay. The immunoreactivities to three mycobacterial antigens were firstly compared among TB patients (N=39), E6C10+ HDs (N=78, 21.61% of HDs) and E6C10- HDs (N=283, 78.39% of HDs). It was revealed that Rv3006 was dominant upon M.tb infection, while Rv3841 was likely to be more responsive upon latent TB infection. In E6C10- population, the immunoreactivity to Rv3841 maintained along with aging, whereas those to Rv3006 and Rv0934 attenuated in E6C10- HDs older than 45 years old. Our study implies the shift of dominant antigens at different infection statuses, providing the clues for the selection of mycobacterial antigens in vaccine development and precision revaccination in the future.

Strategic analysis of the competitiveness of the enterprise

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Yuliia Grynchuk ◽  
Andrii Muzychenko ◽  
Kseniia Prykhod’ko
Keyword(s):  
Price Policy ◽  
Strategic Analysis ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of the article is to develop a methodology of strategic analysis of enterprise competitiveness. The methodological basis of the research is the use of general scientific methods: the method of analysis and synthesis, theoretical generalization and comparison, and the means of modern computer technology for data visualization. The scientific novelty of the received results consists of developing a logical and linguistic methodology of competitiveness analysis in the long term. The article is devoted to the development of strategic analysis of the competitiveness of the enterprise. Relevance of research is caused by enterprises management in the modern markets that use innovations of products or technologies, constantly face competition, and according to its condition, should make decisions on strategic development in conformity with the country’s development market inquiries the society. Thus, the problem is not only for new companies but also for those that already function in the market and carry out planning of economic activity to become the market leader, not to lose leadership, to keep the positions. The given methodology can be used by any enterprise irrespective of the type of activity, form of ownership, or strategic goals. Conclusions. According to the study results, the methodology of strategic analysis, which is based on the study of potential internal development of the enterprise, taking into account the influence of external factors, which include macroeconomic factors of influence and market conditions. The basic approaches to the analysis of the competitiveness of the enterprise of foreign and domestic researchers are investigated in the article. The essential components of competitive advantages, which include price and non-price factors, are considered. Peculiarities of carrying out the analysis of the competitiveness of the enterprise after Porter are defined. The methodology of competitiveness analysis in the long term is developed. The main components of the strategic analysis are the estimation of activity scale in a long-term prospect, determination of strategic aims of the company, determination of aims of market coverage, selection of strategy type, selection of basic subjects of influence on competitive advantages, assessment of future relations with suppliers and buyers, assessment of cost price level, assessment of the quality of products and services and unique properties of products, formation of internal price policy. Key words: strategy, strategic analysis, competitiveness, competitive advantages.

A Comparative Research on Computation Methods for Wave Loads of Semi-Submersible Platform

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Pei ◽  
Shenyi Wu ◽  
Keqiang Chen ◽  
Xiaoming Hu ◽  
Weiguo Wu
Keyword(s):  
Wave Method ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Wave Load ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Wave Methods ◽  
Long Term Prediction ◽  
External Loads ◽  
Selection Of

Wave load is one of the main external loads for semi-submersible platform, which is usually calculated by design wave method. In the present research, three design wave methods are investigated and compared on design wave parameters determination of semi-submersible platforms, i.e., the deterministic design wave method, stochastic design wave method and long-term prediction design wave method. Moreover, the specified calculation methods and the detailed wave load computation procedure are summarized considering the load characteristics of global hydrodynamic response. Finally, a semi-submersible platform is regarded as objective and the design wave results of three design wave methods are compared and analyzed. The fundamental research can provide reference for rational selection of wave loads calculation method.

scholarly journals Determination of the importance of evaluation criteria during the process of recruitment and selection of personnel based on the application of the SWARA method

Ekonomika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Milica Popović ◽  
Gabrijela Popović ◽  
Darjan Karabašević
Keyword(s):  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Recruitment And Selection ◽  
Weighting Coefficients ◽  
Final Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Personnel selection for an organization is an extremely important process. Modern organizations strive to improve the process of recruitment and selection of personnel as much as possible, in order to provide the organization with quality personnel and thus long-term competitiveness. In addition, the evaluation criteria on which the recruitment and selection process is based is also important, as it has a large impact on the final selection of candidates. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to propose the application of multi-criteria decision-making methods for the process of determining the weighting coefficients of evaluation criteria. Accordingly, the SWARA (Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis) method for determining weights was applied in the paper. The SWARA method proved to be extremely reliable when it comes to defining the weights of evaluation criteria, primarily due to its simplicity and the fact that respondents and domain experts could easily express their views on the issue.

After the Dance is over: Some Issues and Suggestions for Follow-up Assessment in Behavior Therapy

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1287-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Mash ◽  
Leif G. Terdal
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Research Recommendations ◽  
Selection Of

Behavioral intervention programs have thus far failed to provide sufficient follow-up information for the evaluation of long-term effects. This omission is believed to be related to an inadequate conceptualization of follow-up assessment, as well as to the methodological and practical difficulties inherent in assessing behavior over long time periods. A framework for follow-up assessment that is consistent with current behavioral efforts to program generalization is described and is contrasted with traditional views of follow-up that look for effects following the termination of treatment. Several methodological features of follow-up assessment are discussed, along with research recommendations, including the determination of length of appropriate follow-up intervals, the frequency of follow-up assessments, the need for standardization of measures both within and between studies, reactivity of follow-up assessment, the selection of follow-up measures and attrition of subjects.

scholarly journals A Comparative Test on the Sensitivity of Freshwater and Marine Microalgae to Benzo-Sulfonamides, -Thiazoles and -Triazoles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 7800
Author(s):  
Luca Canova ◽  
Michela Sturini ◽  
Federica Maraschi ◽  
Stefano Sangiorgi ◽  
Elida Nora Ferri
Keyword(s):  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Unicellular Algae ◽  
Raphidocelis Subcapitata ◽  
Luminescent Bacteria ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Selection Of

The evaluation of the ecotoxicological effects of water pollutants is performed by using different aquatic organisms. The effects of seven compounds belonging to a class of widespread contaminants, the benzo-fused nitrogen heterocycles, on a group of simple organisms employed in reference ISO tests on water quality (unicellular algae and luminescent bacteria) have been assessed to ascertain their suitability in revealing different contamination levels in the water, wastewater, and sediments samples. Representative compounds of benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, and benzenesulfonamides, were tested at a concentration ranging from 0.01 to 100 mg L−1. In particular, our work was focused on the long-term effects, for which little information is up to now available. Species-specific sensitivity for any whole family of pollutants was not observed. On average, the strongest growth rate inhibition values were expressed by the freshwater Raphidocelis subcapitata and the marine Phaeodactylum tricornutum algae. R. subcapitata was the only organism for which growth was affected by most of the compounds at the lowest concentrations. The tests on the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fisheri gave completely different results, further underlining the need for an appropriate selection of the best biosensors to be employed in biotoxicological studies.

Development of Performance Grading Map of Nepal Based on Superpave System

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Sunita Kharbuja ◽  
Thusitha Chandani Shahi ◽  
Rajan Duwal
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Performance Grade ◽  
Specific Temperature ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Performance Grading ◽  
Selection Of

The Performance of the bituminous binder plays important role in the overall performance of the pavement system. One of the major cause of pavement failure is the bitumen grade, i.e selection of suitable grade of bitumen. Therefore, performance grading of bituminous binder is inevitable for the specific temperature and climatic zones. This study is focused on the determination of performance grading of bituminous binder for various temperature zones in Nepal. In this study, twenty one years’ daily maximum and minimum secondary temperature data of 70 meteorological stations were collected and were analyzed for temperature zoning. Performance grading of bituminous binder was conducted with the help of Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) and Long-Term Pavement Performance Program (LTPP) prediction models. The concept of Superpave has been adopted for the analysis, which stands for superior performing asphalt pavement. The Superpave mix design includes a new analysis system based on performance characteristics of the pavement layer. The bituminous binder grades for Nepal have been determined on the basis of air temperature thereafter predicting the pavement temperatures. The study has determined seven different performance grade zones based on SHRP and four different performance grade zones based on LTPP model. The study synthesized the Performance Grade (PG) map of the country.

Going Underground at the Selected Site for Site Confirmation

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Äikäs
Keyword(s):  
Second Step ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Disposal Facility ◽  
Continuous Activity ◽  
A Site ◽  
Whole Life Cycle ◽  
New Phase ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The long-term programme aimed at selection of a site for a deep repository was initiated in Finland in 1983. This programme has come to end and a new phase aimed at implementation of the geological disposal of spent fuel has been started. In this new phase the first milestone is the application for a construction license for the disposal facility around 2010 and thereafter, as a second step, the operation license in 2020. To fulfil the needs for detailed design of the disposal system, an underground rock characterisation facility, “ONKALO”, will be constructed at the representative depth at Olkiluoto. The excavation of this facility will start the work for underground characterisation, testing and demonstration which is planned to be a continuous activity throughout the whole life cycle of the deep repository.

scholarly journals ЩОДО ВЕРИФІКАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ МОДЕЛІ ТАРИФУ НА РОЗПОДІЛ ГАЗУ ПРИНЦИПАМ СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Столяр О. О.
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Incentive Regulation ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this study is to determine the conformity (verification) of the current model of tariff formation for gas distribution service of gas companies to the principle of incentive regulation based on the selection of model elements and their comparison with the world successful experience. The method of verification based on the selection of model elements, the determination of the advantages and disadvantages of such a model, and the comparison of the latter, introduced at domestic gas companies on natural gas distribution, with the world's successful experience in regulating this issue. It is presented that this model does not fully comply with the principles based on long-term incentive regulation, which show its effectiveness in the world, which will be continued in the following studies.

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