Study on Mechanical and Wear Characteristics of In-Situ Processed ZrB2/Aluminum Alloy Composites Processed by Salt-Melt Reaction

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenix Rino John Xavier Raj ◽  
Monish Chakravarty Rajkumar ◽  
Rajakumaran Kalyanasundharam ◽  
Naveenkrishnan Kalyanakumar ◽  
Balasivanandha Prabu Shanmugavel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Salt Melt ◽  
Parent Alloy ◽  
Sliding Distance

In the present work, ZrB2/Al alloy composites were processed through the salt-melt reaction technique. Aluminum alloy (LM4) was taken as a matrix material. The ZrB2 reinforcement particles were formed in-situ by the reaction of precursor salts K2ZrF6 and KBF4 within the aluminum melt. Relative to the parent alloy, the hardness of the composites reinforced with 2.5, 5 and 7.5 wt.% ZrB2 showed an increase of 8.24%, 17.64% and 33.77%, respectively. The tensile strength also improved initially but decreased when the amount of reinforcement exceeded 5-wt.%. The elongation varied in the same fashion as the tensile strength. The microstructure of the composites showed moderately uniform distribution of particles. However, agglomeration of reinforcement particles became a problem at the highest amount of reinforcement. Wear experiments to determine the influence of load, sliding velocity, sliding distance and the amount of reinforcement on the wear rate of composites were designed in accordance with the Taguchi model. The results revealed that both load and sliding velocity have the highest influence.

Mechanical Properties and Adhesive Scuffing Wear Behavior of Stir Cast Cu–Sn–Ni/Si3N4 Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nithesh ◽  
N. Radhika ◽  
S. Shiam Sunder
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Taguchi’S Design Of Experiments ◽  
Sliding Distance

The modern technology developments have seeded for the necessity of composite materials that are incorporated with high hardness, high tensile strength, and better wear properties. Cu–Sn–Ni alloy as well as the composites of varying weight percentage of Si3N4 (5, 10, and 15) are fabricated by liquid metallurgy technique. The alloy and composites are tested for their tensile strength and hardness on Universal Testing Machine and Vickers microhardness tester, respectively. Based on the tests, Cu–Sn–Ni/10 wt. % of Si3N4 is found to have optimum mechanical properties. The scuff type adhesive wear behavior is studied through pin-on-disk tribometer under dry sliding conditions for Cu–Sn–Ni/10 wt. % of Si3N4 composite. Taguchi's design of experiments technique based on L27 orthogonal array model is used for analyses of process parameters in three levels such as applied load (10, 20, and 30 N), sliding distance (500, 1000, and 1500 m), and sliding velocity (1, 2, and 3 m/s). The parameters are ranked based on the signal-to-noise ratio and the analysis of variance approach. Based on wear results, applied load is found to have highest stature on influencing wear rate followed by sliding distance and sliding velocity. A generalized wear rate equation is obtained based on the linear regression model and its feasibility is checked. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses revealed severe delamination occurred on maximum load condition. The development of this copper composite can have the possibility of replacing aluminum bearings.

Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of 2218 Al-Alloy-Al2O3(TiO2) Hybrid Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vineet Tirth
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Aged Alloy ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Mathematical Relationship ◽  
Sliding Distance

AA2218–Al2O3(TiO2) composites are synthesized by stirring 2, 5, and 7 wt % of 1:2 mixture of Al2O3:TiO2 powders in molten AA2218 alloy. T61 heat-treated composites characterized for microstructure and hardness. Dry sliding wear tests conducted on pin-on-disk setup at available loads 4.91–13.24 N, sliding speed of 1.26 m/s up to sliding distance of 3770 m. Stir cast AA2218 alloy (unreinforced, 0 wt % composite) wears quickly by adhesion, following Archard's law. Aged alloy exhibits lesser wear rate than unaged (solutionized). Mathematical relationship between wear rate and load proposed for solutionized and peak aged alloy. Volume loss in wear increases linearly with sliding distance but drops with the increase in particle wt % at a given load, attributed to the increase in hardness due to matrix reinforcement. Minimum wear rate is recorded in 5 wt % composite due to increased particles retention, lesser porosity, and uniform particle distribution. In composites, wear phenomenon is complex, combination of adhesive and abrasive wear which includes the effect of shear rate, due to sliding action in composite, and abrasive effect (three body wear) of particles. General mathematical relationship for wear rate of T61 aged composite as a function of particle wt % load is suggested. Fe content on worn surface increases with the increase in particle content and counterface temperature increases with the increase in load. Coefficient of friction decreases with particle addition but increases in 7 wt % composite due to change in microstructure.

Desirability of Tribo-Performance of Natural Based Thermoset and Thermoplastic Composites: A Concise Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aravind Dhandapani ◽  
Senthilkumar Krishnasamy ◽  
Thitinun Ungtrakul ◽  
Senthil Muthu Kumar Thiagamani ◽  
Rajini Nagarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Relative Motion ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Specific Wear Rate ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Sliding Distance

Tribology, which may be defined as an interdisciplinary subject, deals with relative motion between two or more bodies, i.e., surfaces that are interacting relatively. Thus, tribology is a science covering three vital classes, namely, 1) wear, 2) friction, and 3) lubrication. The focus of this article is to bring out the elements that are influencing the wear-resisting behavior of thermosetting and thermoplastic composites with natural-based constituents. It was also identified from the literature sources that 1) the treatments on the natural fibers acting as reinforcement and 2) the addition of fillers in resin acting as matrix could improve the wear-resisting behavior of the composites. Additionally, other conditions such as 1) sliding speed, 2) sliding velocity, 3) sliding distance, and 4) operating temperature could also influence the friction coefficient and specific wear rate of the natural-based composites.

Investigation of the Wear Behavior of AA6082 Against Different Counterparts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safiye İpek Ayvaz ◽  
Mehmet Ayvaz
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Specific Wear Rate ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Disk Method ◽  
Sliding Distance ◽  
Oxidation Wear

In this study, the effect of different counterparts on the wear resistance of AA6082 aluminum alloy was investigated. In tests using pin-on-disk method, 6 mm diameter Al2O3, 100Cr6 and WC-6Co balls were used as counterparts. The tests were carried out using 500 m sliding distance and 5N load. The lowest specific wear rate was measured as 7.58x10-4 mm3/Nm in WC-6Co / AA6082 couple, and the highest value was measured as 9.71x10-4 mm3/Nm in 100Cr6/AA6082 couple. In the Al2O3/AA6082 couple, the specific wear rate of the AA6082-T6 sample was determined as 8.23x10-4 mm3/Nm.While it was observed that the dominant wear type in the 100Cr6/AA6082 pair was abrasive wear, oxidation wear and oxide tribofilm were detected in the WC-6Co/AA6082 and Al2O3/AA6082 couple besides the abrasive wear.

Fabrication and characterization of TiB2-reinforced functionally graded aluminum matrix material

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 1147-1152
Author(s):  
Ömer Savaş
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Centrifugal Force ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Aluminum Matrix Composites ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This study aims to investigate the production and abrasive wear rate of functionally graded TiB2/Al composites. TiB2 particles have been spontaneously formed in liquid matrix using in situ technique. The properties of composites such as hardness, abrasive wear rate and microstructure have been examined. Design/methodology/approach In situ TiB2 reinforcement phase was synthesized by using a liquid Al–Ti–B system. A semi-solid composite (Al(l)-TiB2(s)) prepared at 900°C was solidified under a centrifugal force to both grade functionally and give the final shape to materials. Abrasive wear test of materials was conducted using the pin-on-disk method at room temperature. The wear tests were carried out with two different loads of 1 Newton (N) and 2 N, a sliding velocity of 3.5 m s−1 and a sliding distance of 75 m. Findings This research provided the following findings; TiB2 particles can be successfully synthesized with in situ reaction technique in molten aluminum. It was determined that abrasive wear rate increases with increasing load and decreases with increasing TiB2 reinforcement content within matrix. Originality/value In previous studies, there have been many trials on the in situ production of TiB2-reinforced aluminum matrix composites. However, there are few studies on production of in situ TiB2-reinforced aluminum matrix functionally graded materials. At the same time, there is no study that the properties of composite, such as hardness and abrasive wear rate, are examined together according to centrifugal force. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-12-2019-0538/

Research on the Repair Performance of Self-Healing Aluminum Material Based on the Low Melting Point Slicker Solder Alloy

2018 ◽  
Vol 932 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Wei Sun ◽  
Rong Xin Yan ◽  
Li Chen Sun ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Guan Qing Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Self ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Material Technology ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Aluminum Alloy 6063

It is great significance to study self-healing aluminum alloy materials for spacecraft the structure protection from high energy space weapon attack and debris impact in future. In this paper, Using aluminum alloy (6063) as matrix material with low melting point alloy (Sn60Pb40, the melting point of 183°C) as repairing materials, the self-healing Aluminum Alloy material was designed and manufactured by the smelting and casting method. The crack damage repair performance of the self-healing Al alloy was researched through the experiment. The results show that the self-healing aluminum alloy has certain self-healing ability without help, when the temperature reaches the melting point temperature of Sn60Pb40. The repair time is about 20min, the crack filling rate can reach 84%. The research conclusion can provide a reference for the development of metal self-healing material technology.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Based Composites Reinforced with TiB2 Particles

2014 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Can Feng Fang ◽  
Guang Xu Liu ◽  
Ling Gang Meng ◽  
Xing Guo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
The Self ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis

The effects of in-situ TiB2 particle fabricated from Al-Ti-B system via the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction technology on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Sn-Zn-Al alloy were investigated. The results indicate that the size of the Mg2Sn and α-Mg+Mg32(Al,Zn)49 phase becomes coarser with the increasing content of Al-Ti-B preform, meanwhile the amount of eutectic α-Mg+Mg32(Al,Zn)49 phase increases too. The addition of Al-Ti-B is favorable toward promoting the strength of composites, but deteriorates elongation. The resulting as-extruded composite material with 4 wt.% Al-Ti-B preform exhibits good overall mechanical properties with an ultimate tensile strength of 291 MPa and an elongation over 2 %.

Sliding Wear Behavior of a Duplex Stainless Steel

2009 ◽  
Vol 423 ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Mestra ◽  
Gemma Fargas ◽  
Marc Anglada ◽  
Antonio Mateo
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Fatigue Wear ◽  
Sliding Distance

Duplex stainless steels contain similar amounts of austenite  and ferrite α. This two-phase microstructure leads to an excellent combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, there are few works dealing with the wear behaviour of these steels. This paper aims to determine the sliding wear mechanisms of a duplex stainless steel type 2205. In order to do it, three different sliding velocities (0.2, 0.7 and 1.2 m/s) and six sliding distances (500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 m) were selected. The results show that wear rate depends on both sliding velocity and sliding distance. The wear mechanisms detected were plowing, microcracking and microcutting (typical mechanisms of fatigue wear). These mechanisms evolve according to sliding velocity and sliding distance, highlighting a transition zone in which wear rate is reduced.

Filler Dispersion and Unidirectional Sliding Characteristics of As-Cast and Multi-Pass Friction Stir Processed ZrB2/AA7075 In-Situ Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabindra Prasad ◽  
Harikishor Kumar ◽  
Parshant Kumar ◽  
S. P. Tewari ◽  
J. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Alloy Matrix ◽  
In Situ Composites ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Filler Dispersion

Abstract Despite the fabrication of particulate-reinforced composites via friction stir processing (FSP), an attempt was made to utilize FSP for the homogenization of filler dispersion in ZrB2/AA7075 in-situ composites fabricated via stir casting route, with varying weight percentages of ZrB2. The friction stir processing was performed for up to three passes with 100% overlap. The as-cast and friction stir processed (FSPed) composites were characterized for their microstructural, microhardness, and tribological behavior. The microstructural features revealed the increase in the misorientation angle among grain boundaries, with an increase in ZrB2 content and a number of FSP passes. Furthermore, the homogeneity of ZrB2 particles in the Al alloy matrix was significantly influenced by the number of FSP passes, which was quantified by Lorenz curves and Gini Indices. The FSPed alloy and composites exhibited higher microhardness as compared to their un-processed counterparts. The tribological behavior was investigated for three different load levels, i.e., 15 N, 30 N, and 45 N. The slope of the wear-rate at 45 N revealed that the Al-alloy exhibited a considerable increase in wear severity, whereas as-cast and FSPed composites did not show a significant increase. Both wear-rate and coefficient of friction decreased with an increase in the number of FSP passes and ZrB2 content. The scanning electron micrographs of worn surfaces confirmed the reduction in adhesion, abrasion, and delamination with the number of FSP passes. However, the synergism among the three depicted the overall tribological behavior.

Optimization of dry sliding wear parameters of recursive friction stir processed aluminium 7075 alloy

2020 ◽  
pp. 135065012094161
Author(s):  
G Girish ◽  
V Anandakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Sliding Distance

In this work, the dry sliding wear behaviour of recursively friction stir processed AA7075 was investigated using a pin-on-disc wear testing apparatus. The microstructure of the processed specimen was probed using optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Experiments were conducted using Taguchi experimental design by varying three different parameters like load, sliding velocity and sliding distance, and the analysis of variance was performed to identify the influence of the parameters over the wear rate. From the main effect plot, the combination of 9.81 N of load, 2 m/s of sliding velocity and a sliding distance of 2000 m was identified as the optimum levels that minimize the wear rate. The regression model was developed to calculate the wear rate, and the validation test was performed with the optimum parameter combination and compared with the experimental results. Wear tracks were examined using field-emission scanning electron microscopy to identify the type of wear mechanism.

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