First and Second Law Analysis of a Flat Plate Collector Working With Nanofluids

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Nitsas ◽  
I. P. Koronaki ◽  
L. Prentza
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Systems Quality ◽  
Typical Day ◽  
Flat Plate Collector

The utilization of solar energy in thermal energy systems was and always be one of the most effective alternative to conventional energy resources. Energy efficiency is widely used as one of the most important parameters in order to evaluate and compare thermal systems including solar collectors. Nevertheless, the first law of thermodynamics is not solely capable of describing the quantitative and qualitative performance of such systems and thus exergy efficiency is used so as to introduce the systems’ quality. In this work, the performance of a flat plate solar collector using water based nanofluids of different nanoparticle types as a working fluid is analyzed theoretically under the climatic conditions in Greece based on the First and Second Law of Thermodynamics. A mathematical model is built and the model equations are solved iteratively in a MATLAB code. The energy and exergy efficiencies as well as the collector losses coefficient for various parameters such as the inlet temperature, the particles concentration and type are determined. Moreover, a dynamic model is built so as to determine the performance of a flat plate collector working with nanofluids and the useful energy that can be stored in a water tank. The exergy destruction and exergy leakage are determined for a typical day in summer during which high temperatures and solar intensity values are common for the Greek climate.

Explore on High-Rise Residential Appearance and Integration of Solar Flat Plate Collector Design in Panzhihua City

2014 ◽  
Vol 986-987 ◽  
pp. 664-668
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Chun Lin Bian
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Heat Collector ◽  
Flat Plate Collector

Firstly, this paper briefly introduces Panzhihua City’s location, climatic conditions and hours of sunshine. Secondly, it proposes alternative solution of integrating the heat collector with high-rise residential building’s facades. Thirdly, several equations on heat collector’s area, row distance, and azimuth are explained and discussed.

Modeling and Optimization of Solar Flat Plate Collector

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-58
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Set Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Set Theory ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Modeling And Optimization ◽  
Optimal Setting ◽  
Heated Fluid ◽  
Flat Plate Collector ◽  
Response Output

Solar flat plate collector (SFPC) is a heat exchanger that transforms radiant solar energy into thermal energy in the form of heated fluid. The performance of SFPC is very much dependent on operating/input and response/output parameter which mainly affects the efficiency of SFPC. This chapter presented the modeling and optimization of SFPC system parameters (solar radiation [I], wind velocity [V], ambient temperature [Ta], and Inlet Temperature [Ti]) for SFPC. Modified-fuzzy set theory with MOOSRA (M-FST-MOOSRA) was employed to optimize the SFPC system. Based on results, trail no. 14 (i.e., I = 825 W/m2, V = 1.4 m/s, Ta = 28.8oC, and Ti = 66.4oC) gave highest RPI among the other trail nos. and shows the optimal setting which results in higher efficiency and better performance for the SFPC. Further, parametric analysis is also done to determine the most important parameter followed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis. Last, confirmatory test are conducted to verify and validate the proposed method with the experimental results.

Energy and Exergy Analysis of Marquise Shaped Channel Flat Plate Solar Collector Using Al2O3–Water Nanofluid and Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahil Arora ◽  
Geleta Fekadu ◽  
Sudhakar Subudhi
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Absorber Plate ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Aluminum Plates ◽  
Flat Plate Collector

The present study deals with the experimental performance of a Marquise shaped channel solar flat-plate collector using Al2O3/water nanofluid and base fluid (pure water). The experimental setup comprises a special type of solar flat plate collector, closed working fluid systems, and the measurement devices. The absorber plate is made of two aluminum plates sandwiched together with Marquise-shaped flow channels. The volume fraction of 0.1% of Al2O3/water nanofluid is used for this study. The various parameters used to investigate performance of the collector energy and exergy efficiency are collector inlet and outlet fluid temperatures, mass flow rate of the fluid, solar radiation, and ambient temperature. The flow rate of nanofluid and water varies from 1 to 5 lpm. The maximum energy efficiencies attained are 83.17% and 59.72%, whereas the maximum exergy efficiencies obtained are 18.73% and 12.29% for the 20 nm—Al2O3/water nanofluids and pure water, respectively, at the flow rate of 3 lpm. These higher efficiencies may be due to the use of nanofluids and the sophisticated design of the absorber plate with the Marquise shaped channel.

scholarly journals Energy and exergy analysis of a flat plate collector using collector test equations

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 02016
Author(s):  
Adina-Teodora Gheorghian ◽  
Tudor Prisecaru ◽  
Mihaela Cristina Ciobanu
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Optimization Criterion ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Geometric Optimization ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Energy And Exergy Analysis ◽  
Exergetic Analysis ◽  
Flat Plate Collector

This paper presents the energetic and exergetic analysis of a widely used flat plate collector based on the collector testing equations. The evaluation of the performances of the collector is done under the climatic conditions corresponding to a typical meteorological year in Constanta, Romania. Using a dimensionless-geometric optimization criterion, the climatic conditions for which the energy efficiency and exergetic efficiency have the maximum values are determined. The optimal weather conditions for the collector's operation are: the solar irradiation of 916 W/m2 and the air temperature of 15.4 °C; under these conditions, the energy and exergy efficiencies of the collector are 57% and 4.8%, respectively.

scholarly journals Investigation of Performance of Solar Flat and Curved Plate Collectors through Numerical Simulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Luqman Ahmed Pirzada ◽  
Xiaoli Wu . ◽  
Qaiser Ali ◽  
Asif Khateeb .
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Flat Plate Collector

Solar energy is radiant light as a form of thermal heat energy which can be obtained and used by means of a variety of solar apparatus. As apparatus the flat and curved plate solar collector is specifically designed for assembling solar energy as a solar water heater system. The designing potency of this collector lone can generate medium level hot water from radiant sunlight source via absorbed plates. Standard type flat and curved plates solar collector plates are mostly used in remote coldest regions of the world where hot water is consumed for commercial and domestic purposes. These types of solar collector Plates can cheaply be manufactured compared to other solar panels like solar Shingles, Polycrystalline Solar Panels, Mono-crystalline Solar Panels, and Thin Film Solar Panels. For future work, this proposed pre-design is recommended for fabrication. A numerical study was carried-out on eight city locations in China by tracing their horizontal and vertical longitudinal, latitudinal lines noting the date, time and sunlight feeding of temperatures in the Celsius scale with the help of simulation and modeling tools like CFD, ANSYS FLUENT software, mesh geometry tools, and by using the Navier-Stokes and Continuity equations by fluid flow discharge rate, mass flow, water temperature and dropping of temperature, radiation working mechanisms, dimensions of water flowing tubes and absorber plates, density, the velocity of water as the working fluid, the viscosity of water in a cold and hot state as a process of Pre-design. Work also focuses on the comparison between flat plate collector and curved plate collector radiant sunlight absorption, As end result it is found the Curved plate collector produces 22% more elevated heat of outgoing water than flat plate collector.

Modified Hottel-Whillier-Bliss Equation for Active Solar Distillation System for Higher Yield and Thermal Efficiency

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
G N Tiwari ◽  
Md Meraj ◽  
M.E. Khan ◽  
Md Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Packing Factor ◽  
System A ◽  
Solar Distillation ◽  
Distillation System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Typical Day ◽  
Flat Plate Collector

Abstract Based on energy balance equations for a photo-voltaic thermal (PVT) active solar distillation system, a modified Hottel-Whillier-Bliss (HWB) analytical characteristic equation as a function of design and climatic parameters has been derived in the present manuscript. It has been found that there is significant difference between characteristic equations for PVT based active solar distillation and conventional flat plate collector (FPC). It is due to (i) opposite nature of loss factor from inside surface to ambient through glass cover and (ii) temperature dependence of evaporative heat transfer coefficient between water surface and condensing cover in solar distillation system. Numerical computations have been obtained for characteristic curve of the proposed active solar distillation system and flat plate collector under the condition of a typical day of New Delhi, India. Further, effect of performance parameters such as packing factor, electrical efficiency of individual PVT collectors, water mass etc. have also been studied for the proposed active PVT solar distillation system. Moreover, daily yield of portable water has been found 7.34 kg m−2 at n = 5 and βc = 0.25 which is 100.5 % higher than the daily yield of 3.66 kg m−2 obtained at n = 1, βc = 0.89.

Thermodynamic analysis of hybrid nanofluid based solar flat plate collector

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Ranga Babu J.A. ◽  
Kiran Kumar K. ◽  
Srinivasa Rao S.
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Hybrid Nanoparticles ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Hybrid Nanofluid ◽  
Heat Gain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Hybrid Nanofluids ◽  
Flat Plate Collector

Purpose This paper aims to present an analytical investigation of energy and exergy performance on a solar flat plate collector (SFPC) with Cu-CuO/water hybrid nanofluid, Cu/water and CuO/water nanofluids as collector running fluids. Design/methodology/approach Heat transfer characteristics, pressure drop and energy and exergy efficiencies of SFPC working on these nanofluids are investigated and compared. In this study, a comparison is made by varying the mass flow rates and nanoparticle volume concentration. Thermophysical properties of hybrid nanofluids are estimated using distinctive correlations available in the open literature. Then, the influence of these properties on energy and exergy efficiencies of SFPC is discussed in detail. Findings Energy analysis reveals that by introducing the hybrid nanoparticles in water, the thermal conductivity of the working fluid is enhanced by 17.52 per cent and that of the individual constituents is enhanced by 15.72 and 15.35 per cent for Cu/water and CuO/water nanofluids, respectively. This resulted in 2.16 per cent improvement in useful heat gain for hybrid nanofluid and 1.03 and 0.91 per cent improvement in heat gain for Cu/water and CuO/water nanofluids, respectively. In line with the above, the collector efficiency increased by 2.175 per cent for the hybrid nanofluid and 0.93 and 1.05 per cent enhancement for Cu/water and CuO/water nanofluids, respectively. Exergy analysis elucidates that by using the hybrid nanofluid, exergy efficiency is increased by 2.59 per cent, whereas it is 2.32 and 2.18 per cent enhancement for Cu/water and CuO/water nanofluids, respectively. Entropy generation is reduced by 3.31, 2.35 and 2.96 per cent for Cu-CuO/water, Cu/water and CuO/water nanofluids, respectively, as compared to water. Research limitations/implications However, this is associated with a penalty of increment in pressure drop of 2.92, 3.09 and 2.74 per cent for Cu-CuO/water, Cu/water and CuO/water nanofluids, respectively, compared with water. Originality/value It is clear from the analysis that Cu-CuO/water hybrid nanofluids possess notable increment in both energy and exergy efficiencies to use them in SFPCs.

Comparison of the effects of Al2O3 and CuO nanoparticles on the performance of a solar flat-plate collector

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Babu Munuswamy ◽  
Venkata Ramanan Madhavan ◽  
Mukunthan Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Flat Plate Collector

AbstractTo improve the efficiency of solar flat-plate collectors further, a study had been carried out wherein the conventional working fluid was replaced by nanofluids. A 25-L/day solar flat-plate water heater with collector area of 0.5

Predicted Efficiency of a Nanofluid-Based Direct Absorption Solar Receiver

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Tyagi ◽  
Patrick Phelan ◽  
Ravi Prasher
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Direct Absorption ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Flat Plate Collector ◽  
Solar Receiver

Due to its renewable and non-polluting nature solar energy is often used in applications such as electricity generation, thermal heating and chemical processing. The most cost-effective solar heaters are of the “flat-plate” type, but these suffer from relatively low efficiency and outlet temperatures. The present study theoretically investigates the feasibility of using a direct absorption solar receiver (DAR) and compares its performance with that of a typical flat-plate collector. Here a nanofluid—a mixture of water and aluminum nanoparticles—is used as the absorbing medium. A two-dimensional heat transfer analysis was developed in which direct sunlight was incident on a thin flowing film of nanofluid. The effects of absorption and scattering within the nanofluid were accounted for. In order to evaluate the temperature profile and intensity distribution within the nanofluid the energy balance equation and heat transport equation were solved numerically. It was observed that the presence of nanoparticles increases the absorption of incident radiation by more than 9 times over that of pure water. According to the results obtained from this study, under similar operating conditions, the efficiency of a DAR using nanofluid as the working fluid is found to be up to 10% higher (on an absolute basis) than that of a flat-plate collector.

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