Impact of Sled Loads on Performance and Kinematics of Elite Sprinters and Rugby Players

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fernando Pareja-Blanco ◽  
Lucas A. Pereira ◽  
Valter P. Reis ◽  
Victor Fernandes ◽  
Ademir F.S. Arruda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Limit ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Motion Analysis System ◽  
Lower Velocity ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Rugby Players ◽  
Sprint Velocity

Purpose: To examine the changes in resisted sprint performance and kinematics provoked by different sled loads in elite sprinters and rugby players. Methods: Eight elite male sprinters and 10 rugby union players performed 20-m sprints under 3 loading conditions (0%, 20%, and 60% body mass [BM]). Sprint time was measured in 0 to 5, 5 to 10, and 10 to 20 m, while stride length and hip, knee, and ankle angles were measured using an 8-sensor motion analysis system at the same distances. Results: Sprinters were significantly faster than rugby players in unresisted and resisted sprints using 20% BM (effect size, “ES” [90% confidence limit, CL] range: 0.65 [0.03 to 1.27]; 3.95 [3.10 to 4.81]), but these differences were not significant at 60% BM. Compared to rugby players, sprinters showed lower velocity decrement in resisted sprints using 20% BM (ES [90% CL] range: 0.75 [0.06 to 1.44]; 2.43 [0.83 to 4.02], but higher velocity decrement using 60% BM (ES [90% CL] range: 1.13 [0.43 to 1.82]; 1.46 [0.81 to 2.11]). No significant differences were detected in stride length between sprinters and rugby players for any sprint condition (ES [90% CL] range: 0.02 [−0.72 to 0.76]; 0.84 [0.13 to 1.54]). Rugby players showed higher hip flexion in resisted sprints (ES [90% CL] range: 0.30 [−0.54 to 1.14]; 1.17 [0.20 to 2.15]) and lower plantar flexion in both unresisted and resisted sprints (ES [90% CL] range: 0.78 [0.18 to 1.38]; 1.69 [1.00 to 2.38] than sprinters. Conclusions: The alterations induced by resisted sprints in sprint velocity and running technique differed between sprinters and rugby players. Some caution should be taken with general sled loads prescriptions, especially when relative loads are based on distinct percentages of BM, as training responses vary among sports and individuals.

The Dynamics of Balance Control During Slipping

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
You-Li Chou ◽  
Jia-Yuan You ◽  
Chii-Jeng Lin ◽  
Fong-Chin Su ◽  
Pei-Hsi Chou
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Motion Analysis System ◽  
Flexion Moment ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Base Of Support ◽  
Ankle Plantar Flexion

ABSTRACTThis study investigates experimentally the velocity of the center of mass with respect to the base of support while subjects step on slippery flooring. The moments of the joints of both legs are also investigated to gain further insights into the source of any correlation found in reacting to slippery perturbation. Twenty-two healthy subjects dressed with safety harness walked first without and then with slippery perturbation, guided by a metronome at 120 steps/min and 90 steps/min cadence. Data were collected from a motion analysis system and force plates. Subjects falling had distinguishably slower velocity of center of mass with respect to the lead stance foot compared to the subjects maintaining balance at contralateral toe off. Larger knee flexion moment and ankle plantar flexion moment in the perturbed leg were found among subjects regaining balance. Faster velocity of center of mass with respect to base of support is noteworthy in subjects regaining balance from slippery perturbation. The response of lower extremities, especially about the thigh and leg in the lead stance limb, were important to improve the velocity of the center of mass with respect to base of support.

scholarly journals Dynamic alignment changes during level walking in patients with dropped head syndrome: analyses using a three-dimensional motion analysis system

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Igawa ◽  
Ken Ishii ◽  
Akifumi Suzuki ◽  
Hideto Ui ◽  
Ryunosuke Urata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Motion Analysis System ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Dropped Head Syndrome ◽  
Level Walking ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Dynamic Alignment

AbstractIn patients with dropped head syndrome (DHS), cervical malalignment is one of the risk factors for impaired horizontal gaze and restrictions to ambulation. The characteristics of gait in patients with DHS have not been clarified biomechanically from the viewpoint of dynamic alignment and lower limb kinematics. This study aimed to clarify kinematic and kinetic differences during level walking in patients with DHS compared to the healthy elderly. Twelve patients with DHS and healthy elderly individuals performed level walking at a self-selected speed. Spatiotemporal, kinematic, and kinetic data were recorded using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Statistical analysis was performed to compare these data between the two groups, respectively. Compared with the healthy elderly, stride length and peak hip-joint extension angle in patients with DHS were significantly shorter and smaller. The thorax was also significantly tilted backwards. Peak ankle-joint plantar-flexion moment was significantly smaller despite larger dorsiflexion angle compared with the healthy elderly. The walking of DHS patients demonstrated kinematic and kinetic characteristics of the lower limb joints and alignment of the thorax and pelvis corresponding to their short stride and walking speed.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Kinematic Analysis of the Lower Limbs during the Chasse Step in Table Tennis Athletes

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Xiaoyi Yang ◽  
Yuqi He ◽  
Shirui Shao ◽  
Julien S. Baker ◽  
Bíró István ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Rotational Velocity ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hip Internal Rotation

The chasse step is one of the most important footwork maneuvers used in table tennis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the lower limb kinematic differences of table tennis athletes of different genders when using the chasse step. The 3D VICON motion analysis system was used to capture related kinematics data. The main finding of this study was that the step times for male athletes (MA) were shorter in the backward phase (BP) and significantly longer in the forward phase (FP) than for female athletes (FA) during the chasse step. Compared with FA, knee external rotation for MA was larger during the BP. MA showed a smaller knee flexion range of motion (ROM) in the BP and larger knee extension ROM in the FP. Moreover, hip flexion and adduction for MA were significantly greater than for FA. In the FP, the internal rotational velocity of the hip joint was significantly greater. MA showed larger hip internal rotation ROM in the FP but smaller hip external rotation ROM in the BP. The differences between genders can help coaches personalize their training programs and improve the performance of both male and female table tennis athletes.

scholarly journals Concussion History and Balance Performance in Adolescent Rugby Union Players

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652199870
Author(s):  
Mark Matthews ◽  
William Johnston ◽  
Chris M. Bleakley ◽  
Richard J. Davies ◽  
Alan T. Rankin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
History Of ◽  
Concussion History ◽  
Rugby Players

Background: Sports-related concussion is a worldwide problem. There is a concern that an initial concussion can cause prolonged subclinical disturbances to sensorimotor function that increase the risk of subsequent injury. The primary aim of this study was to examine whether a history of sports-related concussion has effects on static and dynamic balance performance in adolescent rugby players. Hypothesis: Dynamic balance would be worse in players with a history of concussion compared with those with no history of concussion. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Male adolescent rugby players aged 14 to 18 years from 5 schools were recruited before the start of the 2018-2019 playing season. Participants completed questionnaires and physical tests, including dynamic Y balance and single-leg static balance (eyes closed) tests, while performing single and dual tasks. Dynamic balance was assessed using inertial sensor instrumentation. Dependent variables were normalized reach distance and the sample entropy (SEn) of the 3 axes ( x, y, and z). Results: Of the 195 participants, 100 reported a history of concussion. Those with a history of concussion demonstrated higher SEn in all directions, with highest values during anterior (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.4; 95% CI, 0.0-0.7; P = .027) and posteromedial (SMD, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2-0.9; P = .004) reach directions compared with those with no history. There was no difference between groups (concussion history vs control) in traditional Y balance reach distances in the anterior or posteromedial directions or single-leg static balance during both single- ( P = .47) and dual-task ( P = .67) conditions. Conclusion: Adolescent rugby union athletes with a history of concussion had poorer dynamic balance during performance tasks compared with healthy controls. Static single-leg balance tests, either single or dual task, may not be sensitive enough to detect sensorimotor deficits in those with a history of concussion.

scholarly journals Investigation of normal knees kinematics in walking and running at different speeds using a portable motion analysis system

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Rixu Liu ◽  
Dongyang Qian ◽  
Yushu Chen ◽  
Jianyu Zou ◽  
Shicong Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Motion Analysis System ◽  
Analysis System

scholarly journals Change of Direction Deficit in National Team Rugby Union Players: Is There an Influence of Playing Position?

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Freitas ◽  
Pedro Alcaraz ◽  
Chris Bishop ◽  
Julio Calleja-González ◽  
Ademir Arruda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rugby Union ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
National Team ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Median Split ◽  
Rugby Players

The aim of this study was to investigate the change of direction (COD) ability and deficits of elite rugby union players, discriminating between position (backs and forwards), and between “faster and slower players”, in multiple COD tasks. Twenty-four male rugby union players from the Brazilian senior National team completed the following assessments: Squat and countermovement jumps; drop jump; standing long jump, horizontal triple jumps; 40-m linear sprint; Pro-agility, L-Drill, and Zig-zag COD tests; and squat 1-repetition maximum. The differences between backs and forwards and between faster and slower performers were examined using magnitude-based inferences. Backs were faster (in both linear and COD speed tests) and jumped higher than forwards. Moreover, they generated an inferior sprint momentum. No differences were found in COD deficit between playing positions. However, when dividing the sample by median split, faster players outperformed their slower counterparts in all power–speed variables and presented higher COD deficits. These results suggest that separating rugby players by playing position might not discriminate players with different COD skills and that the median split analysis is more sensitive to identifying these differences. Furthermore, the present data indicate that faster rugby players are less efficient at changing direction and tolerating higher approach velocities in COD maneuvers.

Critical Speed as a Measure of Aerobic Fitness for Male Rugby Union Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Kramer ◽  
Mark Watson ◽  
Rosa Du Randt ◽  
Robert W. Pettitt
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Critical Speed ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Graded Exercise Test ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Rugby Players ◽  
Linear Correlations ◽  
Test Level

Purpose:To compare critical speed (CS) derived from all-out testing (AOT) for linear and shuttle running with metrics from a graded exercise test, the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test  Level 1 (YYIR1), and estimation of an 800-m-shuttle time trial.Methods:Twelve male rugby players completed a graded exercise test, the YYIR1, a linear AOT, shuttle AOTs of 25 and 50 m, and an 800-m-shuttle time trial consisting of 32 × 25-m shuttles.Results:Strong linear correlations were observed between maximum oxygen uptake () and CS (m·s−1) derived from the linear AOT (3.68 [0.62],r = .90,P < .01) and 50-m-shuttle AOT (3.19 [0.26],r = .83,P < .01). Conversely,showed lower correlations with speeds evoking CS from 25-m AOT (2.86 [0.18],r = .42,P = .18) and YYIR1 (4.36 [0.11],r = .55,P = .07). The 800-m time trial (213.58 [15.84] s) was best predicted using parameters from the 25-m AOT (r = .93, SEE = 6.60 s,P < .001).Conclusions:The AOT is a valuable method of assessing performance-specific fitness, with CS from linear and 50-m-shuttle AOTs being strong predictors of, rivaling metrics from the graded exercise test. The YYIR1 offered limited utility compared with the AOT method.

scholarly journals Upper Limb Portable Motion Analysis System Based on Inertial Technology for Neurorehabilitation Purposes

Sensors ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 10733-10751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Pérez ◽  
Úrsula Costa ◽  
Marc Torrent ◽  
Javier Solana ◽  
Eloy Opisso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Motion Analysis System ◽  
Analysis System

Attentional Styles in Rugby Players

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian W. Maynard ◽  
Bruce L. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Male Volunteer ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Interpersonal Style ◽  
External Focus ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rugby Players

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between scores on the attentional subscales of Nideffer's Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style (TAIS) and playing standard, age, and position played within the sport of rugby. 144 male volunteer rugby players from the Vancouver Island Rugby Union were tested. The sample included 72 above average rugby players and 72 of average playing standard who were further classified by age: 24 under 19 yr. (U.19), 24 under 23 yr. (U.23), and 24 senior. Four specific positional groups were identified within the sample: Tight Five ( n = 56), Backrow ( n = 24), Halfbacks ( n = 20), and Outside Backs ( n = 44). A series of two-way multivariate analyses of variance gave no significant differences between the two different playing standards except for age. The senior group differed from both the U.19 and U.23 groups on narrowing. In addition, significant differences were also observed between the Halfbacks and the remaining positional groups (Tight Five, Backrow, and Threequarters) on two of the six measures, they demonstrated greater broad-external focus and less internal overload. It was concluded that the Halfbacks, who are the decision makers within the team, reflected most closely Nideffer's concept of an effective attentional style and the attentional subscales did discriminate minimally between rugby players of different ages and playing position.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document