scholarly journals Use of Endophytic and Rhizosphere Actinobacteria from Grapevine Plants To Reduce Nursery Fungal Graft Infections That Lead to Young Grapevine Decline

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Álvarez-Pérez ◽  
Sandra González-García ◽  
Rebeca Cobos ◽  
Miguel Ángel Olego ◽  
Ana Ibañez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Root System ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Soil Pathogens ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Grapevine Decline ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Trunk Diseases

ABSTRACT Endophytic and rhizosphere actinobacteria isolated from the root system of 1-year-old grafted Vitis vinifera plants were evaluated for their activities against fungi that cause grapevine trunk diseases. A total of 58 endophytic and 94 rhizosphere isolates were tested. Based on an in vitro bioassay, 15.5% of the endophytic isolates and 30.8% of the rhizosphere isolates exhibited antifungal activity against the fungal pathogen Diplodia seriata, whereas 13.8% of the endophytic isolates and 16.0% of the rhizosphere isolates showed antifungal activity against Dactylonectria macrodidyma (formerly Ilyonectria macrodidyma). The strains which showed the greatest in vitro efficacy against both pathogens were further analyzed for their ability to inhibit the growth of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium minimum (formerly Phaeoacremonium aleophilum). Based on their antifungal activity, three rhizosphere isolates and three endophytic isolates were applied on grafts in an open-root field nursery in a 3-year trial. The field trial led to the identification of one endophytic strain, Streptomyces sp. VV/E1, and two rhizosphere isolates, Streptomyces sp. VV/R1 and Streptomyces sp. VV/R4, which significantly reduced the infection rates produced by the fungal pathogens Dactylonectria sp., Ilyonectria sp., P. chlamydospora, and P. minimum, all of which cause young grapevine decline. The VV/R1 and VV/R4 isolates also significantly reduced the mortality level of grafted plants in the nursery. This study shows that certain actinobacteria could represent a promising new tool for controlling fungal trunk pathogens that infect grapevine plants through the root system in nurseries. IMPORTANCE Grapevine trunk diseases are a major threat to the wine and grape industry worldwide. They cause a significant reduction in yields as well as in grape quality, and they can even cause plant death. Trunk diseases are caused by fungal pathogens that enter through pruning wounds and/or the root system. Although different strategies have recently been developed to protect pruning wounds using antifungal compounds (natural or synthetic) or biocontrol agents, no tools are yet available for controlling soil pathogens that infect plants through their root system. This study shows that different actinobacterial isolates, when applied to grafts in a nursery, can significantly reduce the infection rate caused by fungal pathogens that enter through the root system. This is a new, promising, and green alternative for preventing the decline of young grapevines in nurseries and vineyards.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Natural Antifungal Compounds in Controlling Infection by Grapevine Trunk Disease Pathogens through Pruning Wounds

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (18) ◽  
pp. 6474-6483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Cobos ◽  
Rosa María Mateos ◽  
José Manuel Álvarez-Pérez ◽  
Miguel Angel Olego ◽  
Silvia Sevillano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Trunk Diseases

ABSTRACTGrapevine trunk fungal pathogens, such asDiplodia seriataandPhaeomoniella chlamydospora, can infect plants through pruning wounds. They cause grapevine trunk diseases and are involved in grapevine decline. Accordingly, the protection of pruning wounds is crucial for the management of grapevine trunk diseases. The efficacy of different natural antifungals in inhibiting the growth of several fungi causing grapevine trunk diseases was evaluatedin vitro. The fungi showing greaterin vitroefficacy were tested on autoclaved grape wood assays againstD. seriataandP. chlamydospora. Based on results from these assays, chitosan oligosaccharide, vanillin, and garlic extract were selected for further evaluation on pruning wounds inoculated withD. seriataandP. chlamydosporain field trials. A significant decrease in plant mortality was observed after 2 years of growth in the plants treated with the different natural antifungals compared to the mortality rate observed in infected plants that were not treated with antifungals. Also, the infection rate for the inoculated pathogens was significantly reduced in plants treated with the selected natural antifungals. Therefore, natural antifungals represent a promising alternative for disease control and could provide significant economic benefits for the grape-growing industry.

scholarly journals In VitroActivity of Glucosinolates and Their Degradation Products against Brassica-Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 432-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sotelo ◽  
M. Lema ◽  
P. Soengas ◽  
M. E. Cartea ◽  
P. Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Soil Pathogens ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects

ABSTRACTGlucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary metabolites found inBrassicavegetables that confer on them resistance against pests and diseases. Both GSLs and glucosinolate hydrolysis products (GHPs) have shown positive effects in reducing soil pathogens. Information about theirin vitrobiocide effects is scarce, but previous studies have shown sinigrin GSLs and their associated allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) to be soil biocides. The objective of this work was to evaluate the biocide effects of 17 GSLs and GHPs and of leaf methanolic extracts of different GSL-enrichedBrassicacrops on suppressingin vitrogrowth of two bacterial (Xanthomonas campestrispv. campestris andPseudomonas syringaepv. maculicola) and two fungal (AlternariabrassicaeandSclerotiniascletoriorum)Brassicapathogens. GSLs, GHPs, and methanolic leaf extracts inhibited the development of the pathogens tested compared to the control, and the effect was dose dependent. Furthermore, the biocide effects of the different compounds studied were dependent on the species and race of the pathogen. These results indicate that GSLs and their GHPs, as well as extracts of differentBrassicaspecies, have potential to inhibit pathogen growth and offer new opportunities to study the use ofBrassicacrops in biofumigation for the control of multiple diseases.

scholarly journals Production of Phytotoxic Metabolites by Botryosphaeriaceae in Naturally Infected and Artificially Inoculated Grapevines

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 802
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Reveglia ◽  
Regina Billones-Baaijens ◽  
Jennifer Millera Millera Niem ◽  
Marco Masi ◽  
Alessio Cimmino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Diplodia Seriata ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dieback ◽  
Trunk Diseases ◽  
One Year ◽  
Pathogen Dna

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are considered a serious problem to viticulture worldwide. Several GTD fungal pathogens produce phytotoxic metabolites (PMs) that were hypothesized to migrate to the foliage where they cause distinct symptoms. The role of PMs in the expression of Botryosphaeria dieback (BD) symptoms in naturally infected and artificially inoculated wood using molecular and analytical chemistry techniques was investigated. Wood samples from field vines naturally infected with BD and one-year-old vines inoculated with Diplodia seriata, Spencermartinsia viticola and Dothiorella vidmadera were analysed by cultural isolations, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and targeted LC-MS/MS to detect three PMs: (R)-mellein, protocatechuic acid and spencertoxin. (R)-mellein was detected in symptomatic naturally infected wood and vines artificially inoculated with D. seriata but was absent in all non-symptomatic wood. The amount of (R)-mellein detected was correlated with the amount of pathogen DNA detected by qPCR. Protocatechuic acid and spencertoxin were absent in all inoculated wood samples. (R)-mellein may be produced by the pathogen during infection to break down the wood, however it was not translocated into other parts of the vine. The foliar symptoms previously reported in vineyards may be due to a combination of PMs produced and climatic and physiological factors that require further investigation.

scholarly journals Assessment of Conjugate Complexes of Chitosan and Urtica dioica or Equisetum arvense Extracts for the Control of Grapevine Trunk Pathogens

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 976
Author(s):  
Natalia Langa-Lomba ◽  
Laura Buzón-Durán ◽  
Pablo Martín-Ramos ◽  
José Casanova-Gascón ◽  
Jesús Martín-Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Equisetum Arvense ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Trunk Diseases ◽  
Synergistic Behavior ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Basic Substances

In the work presented herein, we analyze the efficacy of three basic substances that comply with European Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009, namely chitosan, horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) and nettle (Urtica dioica L.), for the control of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) in organic farming. The E. arvense and U. dioica aqueous extracts, prepared according to SANCO/12386/2013 and SANTE/11809/2016, have been studied by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), identifying their main active constituents. The three basic substances, either alone or in combination (forming conjugate complexes), have been tested in vitro against eight Botryosphaeriaceae species, and in vivo, in grafted plants artificially inoculated with Neofusicoccum parvum and Diplodia seriata. A clear synergistic behavior between chitosan and the two plant extracts has been observed in the mycelial growth inhibition tests (resulting in EC90 values as low as 208 μg·mL−1 for some of the isolates), and statistically significant differences have been found in terms of vascular necroses lengths between treated and non-treated plants, providing further evidence of aforementioned synergism in the case of D. seriata. The reported data supports the possibility of extending the applications of these three basic substances in Viticulture beyond the treatment of mildew.

scholarly journals Rhizosphere-enriched microbes as a pool to design synthetic communities for reproducible beneficial outputs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Dimitra Tsolakidou ◽  
Ioannis A Stringlis ◽  
Natalia Fanega-Sleziak ◽  
Stella Papageorgiou ◽  
Antria Tsalakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Tomato Growth ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Abstract Composts represent a sustainable way to suppress diseases and improve plant growth. Identification of compost-derived microbial communities enriched in the rhizosphere of plants and characterization of their traits, could facilitate the design of microbial synthetic communities (SynComs) that upon soil inoculation could yield consistent beneficial effects towards plants. Here, we characterized a collection of compost-derived bacteria, previously isolated from tomato rhizosphere, for in vitro antifungal activity against soil-borne fungal pathogens and for their potential to change growth parameters in Arabidopsis. We further assessed root-competitive traits in the dominant rhizospheric genus Bacillus. Certain isolated rhizobacteria displayed antifungal activity against the tested pathogens and affected growth of Arabidopsis, and Bacilli members possessed several enzymatic activities. Subsequently, we designed two SynComs with different composition and tested their effect on Arabidopsis and tomato growth and health. SynCom1, consisting of different bacterial genera, displayed negative effect on Arabidopsis in vitro, but promoted tomato growth in pots. SynCom2, consisting of Bacilli, didn't affect Arabidopsis growth, enhanced tomato growth and suppressed Fusarium wilt symptoms. Overall, we found selection of compost-derived microbes with beneficial properties in the rhizosphere of tomato plants, and observed that application of SynComs on poor substrates can yield reproducible plant phenotypes.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Lanthionine-Producing Lactobacillus brevis Strain 100D8, Generated by PacBio Sequencing

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Jung Kim ◽  
Hye Sun Kim ◽  
Sam Churl Kim ◽  
Youn-Sig Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Pacbio Sequencing ◽  
Circular Chromosome ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Content Type

Lactobacillus brevis strain 100D8 was isolated from rye silage and showed rapid acidification ability in vitro and antifungal activity against mycotoxin-producing fungi. We report here the complete genome sequence of L. brevis strain 100D8, which has a circular chromosome (2,351,988 bp, 2,304 coding sequences [CDSs]) and three plasmids (45,061 bp, 57 CDSs; 40,740 bp, 40 CDSs; and 39,943 bp, 57 CDSs).

scholarly journals Tamm-Horsfall Protein Protects the Urinary Tract againstCandida albicans

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Coady ◽  
Anissa R. Ramos ◽  
Joshua Olson ◽  
Victor Nizet ◽  
Kathryn A. Patras
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Renal Physiology ◽  
Bladder Epithelium ◽  
Indwelling Catheters ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACTUrinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by the human fungal pathogenCandida albicansand related species are prevalent in hospitalized patients, especially those on antibiotic therapy, with indwelling catheters, or with predisposing conditions such as diabetes or immunodeficiency. Understanding of key host defenses againstCandidaUTI is critical for developing effective treatment strategies. Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP) is the most abundant urine protein, with multiple roles in renal physiology and bladder protection. THP protects against bacterial UTI by blocking bacterial adherence to the bladder epithelium, but its role in defense against fungal pathogens is not yet described. Here we demonstrate that THP restricts colonization of the urinary tract byC. albicans. THP binds toC. albicanshyphae, but not the yeast form, in a manner dependent on fungal expression of the Als3 adhesion glycoprotein. THP directly blocksC. albicansadherence to bladder epithelial cellsin vitro, and THP-deficient mice display increased fungal burden in aC. albicansUTI model. This work outlines a previously unknown role for THP as an essential component for host immune defense against fungal urinary tract infection.

scholarly journals Rhizosphere-enriched microbes as a pool to design synthetic communities for reproducible beneficial outputs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Dimitra Tsolakidou ◽  
Ioannis A. Stringlis ◽  
Natalia Fanega-Sleziak ◽  
Stella Papageorgiou ◽  
Antria Tsalakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Tomato Growth ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractComposts represent a sustainable way to suppress diseases and improve plant growth. Identification of compost-derived microbial communities enriched in the rhizosphere of plants and characterization of their traits, could facilitate the design of microbial synthetic communities (SynComs) that upon soil inoculation could yield consistent beneficial effects towards plants. Here, we characterized a collection of compost-derived bacteria, previously isolated from tomato rhizosphere, forin vitroantifungal activity against soil-borne fungal pathogens and for their potential to change growth parameters inArabidopsis. We further assessed root-competitive traits in the dominant rhizospheric genusBacillus. Certain isolated rhizobacteria displayed antifungal activity against the tested pathogens and affected growth ofArabidopsis, and Bacilli members possessed several enzymatic activities. Subsequently, we designed two SynComs with different composition and tested their effect onArabidopsisand tomato growth and health. SynCom1, consisting of different bacterial genera, displayed negative effect onArabidopsis in vitro, but promoted tomato growth in pots. SynCom2, consisting of Bacilli, didn’t affectArabidopsisgrowth, enhanced tomato growth and suppressed Fusarium wilt symptoms. Overall, we found selection of compost-derived microbes with beneficial properties in the rhizosphere of tomato plants, and observed that application of SynComs on poor substrates can yield reproducible plant phenotypes.

scholarly journals Mechanistic Basis of pH-Dependent 5-Flucytosine Resistance inAspergillus fumigatus

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Gsaller ◽  
Takanori Furukawa ◽  
Paul D. Carr ◽  
Bharat Rash ◽  
Christoph Jöchl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Transcriptional Regulators ◽  
Primary Factor ◽  
Ph Sensing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Mechanistic Basis

ABSTRACTThe antifungal drug 5-flucytosine (5FC), a derivative of the nucleobase cytosine, is licensed for the treatment of fungal diseases; however, it is rarely used as a monotherapeutic to treatAspergillusinfection. Despite being potent against other fungal pathogens, 5FC has limited activity againstAspergillus fumigatuswhen standardin vitroassays are used to determine susceptibility. However, in modifiedin vitroassays where the pH is set to pH 5, the activity of 5FC increases significantly. Here we provide evidence thatfcyB, a gene that encodes a purine-cytosine permease orthologous to known 5FC importers, is downregulated at pH 7 and is the primary factor responsible for the low efficacy of 5FC at pH 7. We also uncover two transcriptional regulators that are responsible for the repression offcyBand, consequently, mediators of 5FC resistance, the CCAAT binding complex (CBC) and the pH regulatory protein PacC. We propose that the activity of 5FC might be enhanced by the perturbation of factors that repressfcyBexpression, such as PacC or other components of the pH-sensing machinery.

scholarly journals Low In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Tavaborole against Yeasts and Molds from Onychomycosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Abastabar ◽  
Iman Haghani ◽  
Tahereh Shokohi ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Hedayati ◽  
Seyed Reza Aghili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antifungal Drug ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Yeasts And Molds ◽  
Low Activity ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

ABSTRACT The in vitro activity of tavaborole, an FDA-approved antifungal drug, was compared to that of four antifungal agents against 170 clinical fungal isolates originating from patients with onychomycosis. Tavaborole had low activity against all isolates compared to itraconazole, terbinafine, and fluconazole, the principal choices for treatment of onychomycosis. Thus, it appears that tavaborole is not a candidate for the treatment of onychomycosis due to Candida species, Aspergillus species, and dermatophytes.

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