scholarly journals Understanding the complexity of socioeconomic disparities in smoking prevalence in Sweden: a cross-sectional study applying intersectionality theory

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e042323
Author(s):  
Sten Axelsson Fisk ◽  
Martin Lindström ◽  
Raquel Perez-Vicente ◽  
Juan Merlo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Socioeconomic Disparities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intersectionality Theory ◽  
Discriminatory Accuracy

ObjectivesSocioeconomic disparities in smoking prevalence remain a challenge to public health. The objective of this study was to present a simple methodology that displays intersectional patterns of smoking and quantify heterogeneities within groups to avoid inappropriate and potentially stigmatising conclusions exclusively based on group averages.SettingThis is a cross-sectional observational study based on data from the National Health Surveys for Sweden (2004–2016 and 2018) including 136 301 individuals. We excluded people under 30 years of age, or missing information on education, household composition or smoking habits. The final sample consisted on 110 044 individuals or 80.7% of the original sample.OutcomeApplying intersectional analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (AIHDA), we investigated the risk of self-reported smoking across 72 intersectional strata defined by age, gender, educational achievement, migration status and household composition.ResultsThe distribution of smoking habit risk in the population was very heterogeneous. For instance, immigrant men aged 30–44 with low educational achievement that lived alone had a prevalence of smoking of 54% (95% CI 44% to 64%), around nine times higher than native women aged 65–84 with high educational achievement and living with other(s) that had a prevalence of 6% (95% CI 5% to 7%). The discriminatory accuracy of the information was moderate.ConclusionA more detailed, intersectional mapping of the socioeconomic and demographic disparities of smoking can assist in public health management aiming to eliminate this unhealthy habit from the community. Intersectionality theory together with AIHDA provides information that can guide resource allocation according to the concept proportionate universalism.

scholarly journals Understanding the complexity of socioeconomic disparities in type 2 diabetes risk: a study of 4.3 million people in Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Wemrell ◽  
Louise Bennet ◽  
Juan Merlo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Socioeconomic Disparities ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Discriminatory Accuracy

ObjectiveInvestigating demographic and socioeconomic factors as intersecting rather than as separate dimensions may improve our understanding of the heterogeneous distribution of type 2 diabetes in the population. However, this complexity has scarcely been investigated and we still do not know the accuracy of these factors for predicting type 2 diabetes. Improved understanding of the demographic and socioeconomic disparities predicting type 2 diabetes risk in the population would contribute to more precise and effective public health interventions.Research design and methodsWe analyzed the risk of type 2 diabetes among 4 334 030 individuals aged 40–84 years who by 2010 had resided in Sweden for at least 5 years. We stratified the study population into 120 strata defined by categories of age, gender, income, education, and immigration status. We calculated measures of absolute risk (prevalence) and relative risk (prevalence ratio), and quantified the discriminatory accuracy of the information for predicting type 2 diabetes in the population.ResultsThe distribution of type 2 diabetes risk in the population was highly heterogeneous. For instance, immigrated men aged 70–79 years with low educational achievement and low income had a risk around 32 times higher than native women aged 40–49 years with high income and high educational achievement (ie, 17.6% vs 0.5%). The discriminatory accuracy of the information was acceptable.ConclusionA more detailed, intersectional mapping of socioeconomic and demographic distribution of type 2 diabetes can assist in public health management aiming to reduce the prevalence of the disease.

scholarly journals Faktor Risiko Lingkungan dengan Kejadian ISPA pada Balita Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ingin Jaya Kabupaten Aceh Besar

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Sofia Sofia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Center

Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is still one public health problem that is important to note, because it is an acute illness and can even cause death in infants in developing countries, including Indonesia. In general, there are three the risk factors of ARI namely environmental factors, individual factors of children, and behavioral factors. The aim of research to find out the environmental risk factors with the incidence of  ARI  in Toddlers in Public Health Center of Ingin Jaya, Aceh Besar district. This type of research is an analytic survey with cross-sectional study approach. The sample size is calculated using the formula Lemeshow of 100 respondents, samples were taken randomly. Data analysis using Chi-Square test. The results showed that the level of humidity in the home (p= 0,039), smoking habits of family members in the home (p= 0,001), and the habit of using mosquito coils in the home (p= 0,003) as a risk factor for ISPA to children in Region Public Health Center of Ingin Jaya, Aceh Besar district. Conclusion, risk factor of ARI in the toddler that is a smoking habit, usage habit of mosquito coil and air humidity. Suggestions, the public in order to maintain air quality in the home environment to avoid various transmission of infectious diseases.Keywords: Air humidity, habits, environment, ARIPenyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting untuk diperhatikan, karena merupakan penyakit akut dan bahkan dapat menyebabkan kematian pada balita di berbagai negara berkembang termasuk  Indonesia. Secara umum ada 3 (tiga) faktor risiko terjadinya ISPA yaitu faktor lingkungan, faktor individu anak, serta faktor perilaku. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor risiko lingkungan dengan kejadian ISPA pada Balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ingin Jaya Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Jenis penelitian adalah survey analitik dengan pendekatan Crossectional study. Besarnya sampel dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus lameshow yaitu 100 responden, sampel diambil secara acak sederhana. Analisa data dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kelembaban udara dalam rumah (p=0,039), kebiasaan merokok anggota keluarga dalam rumah (p=0,001), dan kebiasaan menggunakan obat nyamuk bakar di dalam rumah (p=0,003) sebagai faktor risiko kejadian ISPA pada Balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ingin Jaya Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Kesimpulan, faktor risiko ISPA pada balita yaitu kebiasaan merokok, kebiasaan penggunaan obat nyamuk bakar dan kelembaban udara. Saran, masyarakat agar dapat menjaga kualitas udara dilingkungan rumah agar terhindar dari berbagai penularan penyakit infeksi. Kata kunci: Kelembaban udara, kebiasaan, lingkungan, ISPA

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Mollusk Sand Filtration and Absorption of Active Carbon to Decrease Pb, Turbidity and pH in Rain Water and Its Correlation to Public Health in Pontianak

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khayan Khayan ◽  
Adi Heru Husodo ◽  
Indwiani Astuti ◽  
Sudarmadji Sudarmadji ◽  
Tjut Sugandawaty
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Turbidity Level

Pb found in rain water is not only caused by tin roof on houses but also caused by the pollution of industrial activities, vehicles and land clearing activity by fire. Pb pollutant dissolves and enters into rain water storages and it’s consumed as drinking. Pb can cause bad impact to human, for example disruption of enzyme, anemia and low intelligence. The purposes of this research are (1) to evaluate Pb, pH and turbidity level in rain water, (2) to analyze the effectiveness of mollusk sand filtration and the absorption of activity carbon to decrease Pb, turbidity and  pH, and (3) to analyze the correlation of Pb, length of stay and smoking habit on public health. This research is an experimental by using pre and post test designs with control and observational by using cross sectional design. The research was conducted in urban and rural areas of Pontianak and Kubu Raya regency. The sampling was done in determining the number of samples of Pb, pH and turbidity in rain water. The analyzing the data by using computer program. The results show that: (1) the average of Pb, pH and turbidity level before treatment is considered high at 131.7 µg/L on Pb, turbidity at 20 NTU and low pH at 5.2. After the treatment was the Pb has decreased to 0.71 µg/L and turbidity has to 5.66 NTU, pH to 6.9 and (2) Rain water treatment is very effective to decrease Pb for 99.4% and turbidity for 72%, and (3) there is a correlation among Pb found in rain water, length of stay and smoking activity to public health. Recommends that: the residents of Pontianak and Kubu Raya to process rain water before consuming. The rain water treatment can be done by applying mollusk sand filtration and absorption of active carbon.

scholarly journals Rural Resident Experience on National Basic Public Health Services: A Cross-Sectional Survey in 10 Western Provinces of China

Healthcare ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Jinlin Liu ◽  
Ying Mao
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Rural Resident ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Related

National basic public health services (BPHSs) are important for promoting the health of rural populations. A better understanding of rural BPHSs from the viewpoint of residents utilizing the services can help health-related departments and primary health care (PHC) centers further improve rural BPHSs. By conducting a large-scale cross-sectional survey in 10 western provinces of China, the study depicts rural resident experiences with rural BPHSs. Of the 9019 participants, 59.33% and 66.48% did not receive services related to health examinations or health education in the six months prior to the survey, respectively. A total of 56.90% were satisfied with the rural BPHSs, and the mean overall satisfaction score was 3.61 ± 0.908 (out of a maximum of 5). The most satisfying domain for rural residents with BPHSs was the attitude of PHC workers, whereas rural residents with chronic diseases were the least satisfied with the health management. Satisfaction with the attitude of PHC workers was identified as the strongest determinant of rural residents’ overall satisfaction with BPHSs. This study could enlighten rural BPHSs management in China.

scholarly journals Smoking Cessation after a Cancer Diagnosis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in the Setting of a Developing Country

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-519
Author(s):  
Marin Golčić ◽  
Ilijan Tomaš ◽  
Aleksandra Stevanović ◽  
Goran Golčić ◽  
Renata Dobrila-Dintinjana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
After Cancer

Since smoking accounts for around 30% of all cancer deaths, public health campaigns often focus on smoking cessation as a means of primary prevention. However, smoking after cancer diagnosis is also associated with a higher symptom burden and lower survival rate. As data regarding smoking cessation vary dramatically between different populations, we aimed to analyze smoking prevalence in cancer patients, smoking cessation after ancer diagnosis, and the factors associated with smoking cessation in the setting of a developing country. We performed a cross-sectional survey on 695 patients in two clinical hospital centers. After cancer diagnosis, 15.6% of cancer patients stopped smoking. Male gender, younger age, and smoking-related cancer were the main factors associated with greater smoking cessation (p < 0.05). A total of 96% of breast cancer pa-tients continued to smoke after cancer diagnosis and, compared to lung and colorectal cancer pa-tients, exhibited a lower reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked (p = 0.023). An alarming rate of smoking prevalence was recorded in younger patients (45.6% at the time of cancer diagno-sis) suggesting a future rise in smoking-related cancers and complications. These results should guide anti-smoking public health campaigns in transitional countries with a critical focus on younger and breast cancer patients.

scholarly journals Hubungan Faktor Kapabilitas, Motivasi, dan Pendayagunaan SDM terhadap Kinerja pada Pegawai Puskesmas

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 586-594
Author(s):  
Rahma Maulidiyah ◽  
Sendhi Tristanti Puspitasari ◽  
Endang Sri Redjeki
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purposive Sampling

Abstract: Performance or individual work results in carrying out his duties according to predetermined targets. Coverage of the performance appraisal of Public Health Malang in 2019, Kendalsari Health Center has a sufficient assessment with an average value of 7.89 on the Public Health management indicator. In addition, the results of employee performance appraisals conducted by the Malang Health Office in 2017-2019 on ASN employees at Kendalsari Health Center have not increased every year. Aims to determine the related between capability, motivation, and human resource utilization factors on employee performance. This study used a cross-sectional study design with quantitative methods. The population of this research is employees at Kendalsari Public Health, Malang. The sample using purposive sampling technique. The data analysis used was ordinal regression test. The results of the research analysis showed that the variable that has a relationship with employee performance is motivation (G2 value is 13.046) because the G2 value is greater than the chi-square (x2) table is 7,815. Meanwhile, the capabilities (G2 is 0.823) and the utilization of human resources (G2 is 0.0) were smaller than the chi-square (x2). Thus, the most important variable is motivation with value (odd ratio is 13.45). Abstrak: Kinerja atau hasil kerja individu saat melaksanakan tugas yang sesuai dengan target ataupun kriteria yang sudah ditentukan. Berdasarkan cakupan penilaian kinerja Puskesmas di Kota Malang tahun 2019 Puskesmas Kendalsari memiliki penilaian yang masih cukup dengan nilai rata-rata 7,89 pada indikator manajemen Puskesmas. Selain itu, hasil penilaian kinerja pegawai yang telah dilakukan oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kota Malang tahun 2017-2019 pada pegawai ASN di Puskesmas Kendalsari belum meningkat setiap tahunnya. Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa kinerja pegawai di Puskesmas Kendalsari masih rendah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor kapabilitas, motivasi, serta pendayagunaan SDM terhadap kinerja pegawai Puskesmas Kendalsari Kota Malang. Desain studi penelitian ini yakni cross-sectional menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Populasinya yaitu pegawai di Puskesmas Kendalsari Kota Malang. Penentuan sampel dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis datanya menggunakan uji regresi ordinal. Hasil analisis penelitian didapatkan variabel yang memiliki hubungan dengan kinerja pegawai adalah motivasi (nilai G2 adalah 13,046) dikarenakan nilai G2 lebih besar dari chi-square (x2) tabel adalah 7,815. Sedangkan, kapabilitas (G2 adalah 0,823) dan pendayagunaan SDM (G2 adalah 0,0) lebih kecil dari chi-square (x2) tabel yang menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan. Sehingga, variabel yang paling berhubungan dengan kinerja pegawai yakni motivasi dengan nilai (odd ratio adalah 13,45).

scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinants of Smoking among Young Age Male Patients Coming at OPD in Selected Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Md Golam Kibria ◽  
AKM Mazharul Islam ◽  
Md Mostafizur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Male Patients

Smoking is now recognized as a major public health problem in the developing world. Bangladesh is one of the largest populated developing country. Here public health crisis is in danger among youngers. The study was conducted among the young age male patients in selected hospital based on broad objective of exploring the prevalence and determinants of smoking behavior of young age male patients. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on prevalence of young age patients in selected hospital. The quantitative investigation was undertaken to fulfill the objectives of the study by collecting information using questionnaire. Findings of the study showed that 35.33% of respondents have smoking habit. We also found that about 86.79% smoking habit respondents start smoking when they were 14-17 years old. The study tried to find out current adolescent smoking trend in rural area of developing country. In our study we know that most of the smoker started smoking at their adolescent period & it is a high prevalence. There is a significant association between smoking and other risky behavior like Cannabis, Yaaba, Alcohol etc. So urgently our Govt. need to implement public health interventions, with special attention to the determinants of smoking in this age group.Medicine Today 2017 Vol.29(2): 38-41

scholarly journals Hubungan Kebiasaan Merokok dan Kondisi Lingkungan dengan Kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Guali Tahun 2016 (The Relationship Between Smoking Habits and Environmental Conditions with The Incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Work Area of Guali Public Health Center in 2016

MEDULA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saida Saida ◽  
Syamsiar Syamsiar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
Work Area ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Microbacterium Tuberculosis, bacteria aerobic rods and acid resistance can be a pathogenic organism or pathogen microbacterium saprofit there are several, but only bovine and human strains are pathogenic to humans. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between smoking habit and environmental conditions with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the work area of Guali public health Center in 2016. Method: The design of this research was analytic with cross sectional approach. The population in this study was 94 tuberculosis patients and the total sampling technique was used. Result: The statistical analysis between smoking and environmental conditions with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis has p value of 0.007 and 0.030 consecutively. Conclusion: There was a correlation between smoking habit and environmental condition with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis the work area of Guali public health Center in 2016. It is recommended to families especially family members who suffer from pulmonary TB to adhere to appropriate treatment, and to motivate other family members to check contacts to prevent transmission early.Keywords : environmental conditions, smoking habit, tuberculosis Latar belakang: Tuberkulosis merupakan penyakit infeksi menular yang disebabkan oleh Microbacterium tuberculosis, kuman bentuk batang, aerob dan tahan asam. Kuman ini merupakan organisme pathogen dan saprofit. Ada beberapa microbacterium pathogen, tetapi hanya strain bovin dan human yang patogenik terhadap manusia. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok, kondisi lingkungan dengan kejadian Tuberkulosis paru di wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Guali Tahun 2016. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional, yakni untuk mencari hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok, kondisi lingkungan dengan kejadian Tuberkulosis paru di wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Guali Tahun 2016. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 94 orang. Adapun tehnik penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tehnik total sampling yaitu berjumlah 94 orang. Hasil: Hasil analisis statistik antara kebiasaan merokok (p= 0,007) dan kondisi lingkungan (p=0,030) dengan kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara kondisi lingkungan dengan kejadian Tuberkulosis paru di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Guali tahun 2016. Disarankan bagi keluarga yang mempunyai angota keluarga yang menderita penyakit Tuberkulosis Paru dianjurkan untuk melakukan pemeriksaan kontak untuk pencegahan secara dini.Kata Kunci : kebiasaan merokok, kondisi lingkungan, kejadian tuberkulosis paru

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