Cluster Sampling Estimation of the Variance of Abundance Estimates Derived from Quantitative Echo Sounder Surveys

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal J. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Serial Correlation ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Simple Random Sample ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Abundance Estimates ◽  
Acoustic Surveys ◽  
Precision And Accuracy

Serial correlation in data collected from fisheries acoustic surveys may have an effect on the precision and accuracy of fish abundance estimates. A simple random sample approach to the data analysis yields unreliable confidence intervals for mean population density when the degree of serial correlation in the data is high. The results of a simulation analysis indicate that more reliable confidence intervals can be obtained using cluster sampling estimation techniques.Key words: acoustic surveys, fish abundance estimates, cluster sampling, serial correlation

Bias in Hydroacoustic Estimates of Fish Abundance due to Acoustic Shadowing: Evidence from Day–Night Surveys of Vertically Migrating Fish

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 2179-2189 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Appenzeller ◽  
W. C. Leggett
Keyword(s):  
Fish Community ◽  
Acoustic Scattering ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Diel Changes ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Abundance Estimates ◽  
Acoustic Quantification ◽  
Acoustic Methods ◽  
Acoustic Surveys ◽  
Acoustic Shadowing

We investigated the hypothesis that fish schooling behavior leads to underestimation of fish abundance when assessed by acoustic methods. Current methods for acoustic quantification of fish abundance rely on the assumption that fish biomass and numerical fish abundance are linearly related to acoustic scattering under all natural fish densities. However, cage experiments as well as field observations have indicated that acoustic shadowing effects occur at very dense and large aggregations of fish. Acoustic surveys of the pelagic fish community of Lake Memphremagog, Quebec, were conducted when fish were aggregated and dispersed. These differences in aggregation were related to diel responses to light levels. We found that estimates of fish abundance, as measured by echo integration, were consistently and significantly lower when fish were aggregated in dense schools. This bias was not due to diel changes in average echo level per fish, which exhibited no relationship to diel changes in vertical and hortizontal distributions. We conclude that the reduced abundance estimates obtained when fish were aggregated resulted from acoustic shadowing. Our data suggest that this bias may be as large as 50%.

Auto-Metrology on TEM Images of FinFET

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajal Biring
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Visual Judgment ◽  
Manual Measurement ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Edge Detecting ◽  
Geometrical Data ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Device Size

Abstract The FinFET has been introduced in the last decade to provide better transistor performance as the device size shrinks. The performance of FinFET is highly sensitive to the size and shape of the fin, which needs to be optimized with tighter control. Manual measurement of nano-scale features on TEM images of FinFET is not only a time consuming and tedious task, but also prone to error owing to visual judgment. Here, an auto-metrology approach is presented to extract the measured values with higher precision and accuracy so that the uncertainty in the manual measurement can be minimized. Firstly, a FinFET TEM image is processed through an edge detecting algorithm to reveal the fin profile precisely. Finally, an algorithm is utilized to calculate out the required geometrical data relevant to the FinFET parameters and summarizes them to a table or plots a graph based on the purpose of data interpretation. This auto-metrology approach is expected to be adopted by academia and/or industry for proper data analysis and interpretation with higher precision and efficiency.

scholarly journals PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA DAN SEKOLAH TERHADAP PERILAKU SISWA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Andi Ridha S ◽  
St. Rajiah Rusydi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Student Behavior ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
R Value ◽  
Test For Normality

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan keluarga dan sekolah terhadap perilaku siswa di SMA Hang Tuah Makassar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan bersifat deskriftif kuantitatif, yang beralokasi di SMA Hang Tuah Makassar.Teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu teknik Cluster/ judgmental  sebanyak 61 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, koesioner, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dengan langkah-langkah berupa validitas, realibilitas, uji normalitas, linearitas dan uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan rumus regresi linier sederhana dengan SPSS 17 for Windows. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang dilakukan, maka nilai signifikansi yang diperoleh 0,000, sedangkan nilai r square menunjukkan 0,58 artinya terdapat pengaruh lingkungan keluarga dan sekolah terhadap perilaku siswa di SMA Hang Tuah Makassar sebesar 58%.Kata Kunci: Lingkungan keluarga, lingkungan sekolah, perilaku siswa.The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of family and school environment on student behavior in SMA Hang Tuah Makassar. This type of research is descriptive quantitative, which located in SMA Hang Tuah Makassar. Cluster sampling is the technique / judgmental as many as 61 students. The technique of collecting data is through observation, questioner, interview, and documentation. Analysis of data by measures such as validity, reliability, test for normality, linearity and hypothesis testing using simple linear regression formula with SPSS 17 for Windows. Based on the results of the data analysis, the significant value gained 0,000, while the r value of 0.58 means that there are square shows the influence of family and school environment on student behavior in SMA Hang Tuah Makassar by 58%. Keywords: family environment, school environment, student behavior

scholarly journals Determinant Factor of Childhood Basic Immunization Compliance during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Jambi City, Jambi Province, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
Anita Rezeki Carolina ◽  
Defi Efendi ◽  
Maria Dyah Kurniasari
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
City Regions ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Determinant Factor ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

Background: The coverage of immunization among children in Jambi City decreased during COVID-19 pandemic.Purpose: This study aims to identify the factors that might be associated with basic vaccination compliance among mothers in Jambi, Indonesia.Methods: This study uses a case control design in 5 Jambi City Regions in March-May 2021. The sample in this study is mothers who have children in age 9-24 months. The sampling that is used in this study is cluster sampling with total sample of 506 mothers. The data analysis used in this study is descriptive statistical analysis of univariate, bivariate using chi square test.Results: The results of data analysis showed that the variables related to compliance were perceptions of receiving immunization, attitudes, knowledge, husband's support with p value < 0.01, and distance traveled with p value < 0.05.Conclusion: Effort to improve compliance in the pediatric immunization Pandemic are needed to strengthen mother’s perception, knowledge, attitudes during COVID-19. Analysis with predictive models is highly recommended to determine the odd-ratios and adjusted odd-ratios between factors related to the complying for basic vaccination.  

scholarly journals PENGARUH CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) TERHADAP CORPORATE IMAGE DAN DAMPAKNYA PADA LOYALITAS PELANGGAN PT. PEGADAIAN (PERSERO) DI PULAU LOMBOK (KASUS PADA PENERIMA PROGRAM KEMITRAAN)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Milana Prihatina D.T. ◽  
Dwi Putra Buana Sakti ◽  
Handry Sudiartha Athar
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Corporate Image ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Partnership Program

 This research is an associative study with a quantitative approach.With 89 sample of customers of PT. Pegadaian (Limited) which is obtained by cluster sampling technique, consisting of customers which has received a Partnership Program of CSR assistance in Lombok Island in last 3 (three) years (2014-2016). This study used a causal correlation, which have independent variables (influencing variables) and dependent variables (variables that are affected). This research aims to determine the causal correlation between independent variables, CSR on the loyalty of customers of PT. Pegadaian (Limited) on Lombok through the Corporate image variable.Based on the results of the research and discussion it is inferred that : 1) There is a direct, positive and significant influence between CSR variables on Corporate Image. The data analysis showed that there is a very strong correlation between CSR variables and Corporate Image. 2) There is a direct, positive and significant influence between the variables of Corporate Image on Customer Loyalty. The data analysis showed that there is a very strong correlation between the variables of Corporate Image on Customer Loyalty. 3) There is a direct, positive and significant influence between CSR variables on customer loyalty. The data analysis showed that there is a very strong correlation between CSR variables on customer loyalty. 4) There is a direct, positive and significant influence between CSR variables on Customer Loyalty through Corporate Image. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian asosiatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Dengan sampel 89 pelanggan PT. Pegadaian (Persero) diperoleh dengan teknik cluster sampling, terdiri atas nasabah yang telah menerima Program Kemitraan bantuan CSR di Pulau Lombok dalam 3 (tiga) tahun terakhir (2014-2016). Hubungan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah adalah hubungan yang bersifat sebab akibat (kausal), dimana ada variabel independen (variabel yang mempengaruhi) dan variabel dependen (variabel yang dipegaruhi). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan sebab akibat antara variabel independen yaitu CSR terhadap variabel dependen loyalitas pelanggan melalui variabel intervening Corporate image.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: 1) Terdapat pengaruh langsung, positif dan signifikan antara variabel CSR terhadap Citra Perusahaan. Hasil analisis data juga menunjukan korelasi yang sangat kuat antara variabel CSR dan Citra Perusahaan. 2) Terdapat pengaruh langsung, positif dan signifikan antara variabel Citra Perusahaan terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan. Dari hasil analisis data juga ditemukan korelasi yang sangat kuat antara variabel Corporate Image pada Loyalitas Pelanggan. 3) Terdapat pengaruh langsung, positif dan signifikan antara variabel CSR terhadap loyalitas pelanggan. Hasil analisis data juga menemukan korelasi yang sangat kuat antara variabel CSR terhadap loyalitas pelanggan. 4) Ada pengaruh langsung, positif dan signifikan antara variabel CSR pada Loyalitas Pelanggan melalui Corporate Image.Keywords : CSR ; Corporate Image ; Customer Loyalty

scholarly journals Implications of a Narrow Automated Vehicle-Exclusive Lane on Interstate 15 Express Lanes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sahar Ghanipoor Machiani ◽  
Alidad Ahmadi ◽  
Walter Musial ◽  
Anagha Katthe ◽  
Benjamin Melendez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Automated Vehicle ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Differential Increase ◽  
Operational Impacts ◽  
Crash Data Analysis

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and operational impacts of an innovative infrastructure solution for safe and efficient integration of Automated Vehicle (AV) as an emerging technology into an existing transportation system. Filling the gap in the limited research on the effect of AV technology on infrastructure standards, this study investigates implications of adding a narrow reversible AV-exclusive lane to the existing configuration of I-15 expressway in San Diego, resulting in a 9 ft AV reversible lane and, in both directions, two 12-feet lanes for HOV and FasTrak vehicles. Given the difference between the operation of AVs and human-driven vehicles and reliance of AVs on sensors as opposed to human capabilities, the question is should we provide narrower AV-exclusive roadways assuming AVs are more precise in lateral and longitudinal lane keeping behaviour? To accomplish the goal of the project, a historical crash data analysis and a traffic simulation analysis were conducted. Crash data analysis revealed that unsafe speed, improper turning, and unsafe lane change are the most recurring primary collision factors on I-15 ELs. AVs’ automated longitudinal and lateral control systems could potentially reduce these types of collisions on an AV-exclusive lane with proper infrastructure features for AV sensor operation (e.g., distinct lane marking). Microsimulation findings indicated an AV-exclusive lane may increase traffic flow and density by up to 14% and 24%, respectively. It also showed that average speed is reduced. However, this could lead to the speed differential increase between the exclusive lane and adjacent lane requiring careful consideration if additional treatments or barriers are needed. The results of this study contribute to infrastructure adaptation to AV technology and future AV-exclusive lanes implementations.

The Construction and Realization Process of the Virtual Manufacturing Technology in Package Design

2012 ◽  
Vol 271-272 ◽  
pp. 539-543
Author(s):  
Shou Liang Lai
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Virtual Manufacturing ◽  
Virtual Design ◽  
Package Design ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
External Software ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Realization Process ◽  
Design And Manufacture

On the basis of mastering the general virtual design and manufacture, we combined with the data analysis of packing to construct the virtual package design and manufacturing, and the models we need can be build in external software, then we import these and would realize the interaction by Virtools. The interaction and simulation facilitate the validation and data modification of package design and manufacture feasible, and the precision of models, interactive space and relationship, simulation analysis and the key physical attributes of package design and manufacturing are the focused factors.

Jellyfish distribution and abundance in relation to the physical habitat of Jellyfish Lake, Palau

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan A. Cimino ◽  
Sharon Patris ◽  
Gerda Ucharm ◽  
Lori J. Bell ◽  
Eric Terrill
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Physical Habitat ◽  
Uv Damage ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Abundance Estimates ◽  
Acoustic Surveys

Abstract:Animals often select for habitats that increase their chance of survival by balancing the need to acquire food, reproduce and avoid predation. Perennial blooms of golden jellyfish (Mastigias papua etpisoni) are present in Jellyfish Lake, Palau, a popular tourist destination. Based on the species’ economic importance and unusual behavioural complexity, increased understanding of jellyfish habitat selection is necessary. We used a novel approach, a REMUS autonomous underwater vehicle, to quantify jellyfish distribution, abundance and habitat, and compared these findings to traditional methods. Midday acoustic surveys showed jellyfish distribution was patchy and the population resided mainly on the eastern side of the lake, as it is known that jellyfish migrate eastward towards the sun. Highest vertical densities of jellyfish were at 6–7 m, potentially to mitigate UV damage or photoinhibition of their photosymbionts, suggesting a coupling exists between their vertical distribution and water properties. Abundance estimates of jellyfish were ~2.75 and ~7.1 million (~2 million excluding bell diameters <1 cm) from acoustic and net samples, suggesting the methodology employed underestimated the population's smaller size fraction and non-synoptic surveys could impact estimates due to unresolved patchiness. Our approach could investigate population dynamics, behaviour or habitat associations on fine scales.

A multifrequency method to classify and evaluate fisheries acoustics data

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2225-2235 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Michael Jech ◽  
William L Michaels
Keyword(s):  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Classification Algorithms ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Video Images ◽  
Abundance Estimates ◽  
Fisheries Acoustics ◽  
Acoustic Surveys

Acoustic surveys have been conducted on Georges Bank from 1998 to present to estimate Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) population abundance. Acoustic data were collected with a 12 or 18, 38, and 120 kHz Simrad EK500 scientific echo sounder. A pelagic trawl and underwater video images were used to collect biological information and to verify the species composition of acoustic backscatter. A multifrequency classification method was developed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of classifying species from acoustic echograms. In this method, a volume backscatter (Sv) threshold was applied equivalently to all echograms, and then a composite echogram was created based on which frequencies had Sv greater than or less than the Sv threshold. The results of this method were compared with the standard method of visually scrutinizing regions, and metrics were developed to evaluate the accuracy of classification algorithms relative to current methods, as well as to assess the effects of classification methods on population abundance estimates. In general, this method matched visually scrutinized Atlantic herring regions, but with consistent biases in classifying 38 kHz backscatter. The metrics highlighted spatial and temporal changes in the acoustic landscape, which may be indicative of intra- and inter-annual biological changes.

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