Effect of several nitrification inhibitors on carbon monoxide and methane oxidation by ammonium oxidizers

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1276-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald D. Jones ◽  
Richard Y. Morita
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Nitrosomonas Europaea ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Oxidation Of Co ◽  
Marine Isolate ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Chemolithotrophic Nitrification ◽  
Nitrosococcus Oceanus

The effects of nine inhibitors of chemolithotrophic nitrification on carbon monoxide, methane, and ammonia oxidation by Nitrosomonas europaea, Nitrosococcus oceanus, and Nitrosomonas sp. 4W30 (a marine isolate) were examined. CH4 and [Formula: see text] oxidation were inhibited to a greater extent than the oxidation of CO. A concentration of 10 μg/mL of N-Serve was sufficient to completely inhibit [Formula: see text] oxidation in all three species, while a concentration of 100 μg/mL was necessary to completely inhibit CO oxidation. The three organisms used in this study showed widely differing susceptibilities to the inhibitors examined. CO and [Formula: see text] oxidation by Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrosomonas sp. 4W30 were inhibited by >90% in the presence of 100 μg/mL amino-1,2,4-triazole, while Nitrosococcus oceanus was not inhibited. Terrazole at a concentration of 10 μg/mL inhibited carbon monoxide oxidation by Nitrosococcus oceanus 98.9%, while Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrosomonas sp. 4W30 were only inhibited by 80.2 and 87.1%, respectively. At 100 μg/mL terrazole inhibition was complete. The results of this study emphasize the necessity of careful selection of nitrification inhibitors and concentrations to be used when examining ammonium oxidizers in natural samples. It also indicates that there arc subtle differences in the physiology of ammonium oxidizers that should be taken into consideration when studying the metabolism of these organisms.

Effects of various parameters on carbon monoxide oxidation by ammonium oxidizers

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 894-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald D. Jones ◽  
Richard Y. Morita
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Co Oxidation ◽  
Cell Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nitrosomonas Europaea ◽  
Cellular Material ◽  
Marine Isolate ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Of Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrosococcus Oceanus

The effects of temperature, pH, nitrogen source, cell concentration, and the interactions between ammonium and carbon monoxide were examined with respect to the oxidation of carbon monoxide by several chemolithotrophic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. The ammonium oxidizers Nitrosomonas europaea, Nitrosomonas sp. 4W30, a marine isolate, and Nitrosococcus oceanus were examined. All of the organisms were able to oxidize significant amounts of CO over wide ranges of temperature and pH. Ammonium at concentrations as low as 1 mg/L [Formula: see text] N initially inhibited CO oxidation in all three organisms; however, after 48 h, the presence of ammonium stimulated the CO-oxidizing ability of Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrosomonas sp. 4W30, while Nitrosococcus oceanus remained inhibited. None of the other nitrogen sources examined had a significant effect on CO oxidation. No carbon from CO was incorporated into cellular material in the absence of ammonium, even in the presence of alternate nitrogen sources. Cells incubated in the presence of ammonium at concentrations as low as 1.0 mg/L [Formula: see text] N were able to incorporate CO carbon into cellular material. Increasing [Formula: see text] N concentrations to 50 mg/L stimulated the incorporation of CO carbon by Nitrosococcus oceanus. Concentrations of 10 mg/L gave the highest incorporation levels for Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrosomonas sp. 4W30 and 50 mg/L inhibited the incorporation by these two organisms. The presence of CO inhibited the oxidation of ammonium by all of the organisms tested.

Carbon monoxide oxidation by chemolithotrophic ammonium oxidizers

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1545-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald D. Jones ◽  
Richard Y. Morita
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Co Oxidation ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Nitrosomonas Europaea ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Nitrosococcus Oceanus

Chemolithotrophic nitrifying bacteria were examined with respect to their ability to oxidize carbon monoxide in the presence and absence of ammonium. All of the ammonium oxidizers tested, including Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrosococcus oceanus, were able to oxidize CO to CO2 in the presence and absence of ammonium. None of the organisms tested incorporated any of the carbon from CO into cellular components in the absence of ammonium. All were able to oxidize CO at trace concentrations of <0.5 nM. None of the nitrite oxidizers examined were capable of CO oxidation. CO oxidation by Nitrosomonas europaea, Nitrosococcus oceanus, and Nitrosomonas sp. 4S30, a marine ammonium oxidizer, were examined with respect to CO concentration and time course of CO oxidation, both in the presence and absence of 10 mg/L NH4 N. The CO oxidation rates at a CO concentration of 300 nL/L in the absence of ammonium ranged from 0.048 nmol/h per 106 cells for Nitrosomonas sp. 4W30 to 0.0025 nmol/h per 106 cells for N. europaea.

Afterword

2020 ◽  
pp. 680-683
Author(s):  
Janice L. Waldron ◽  
Stephanie Horsley ◽  
Kari K. Veblen
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Pedagogical Tools ◽  
The Future ◽  
User Data ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Data Surface

We all feel the implications of the force of social media—for good and for ill—in our lives and in our professional world. At the time of this writing, Facebook continues with its struggle to “clean up its act” as more revelations surrounding breaches of trust and hacked user data surface in the news and various countries attempt to hold Facebook to account. Despite this, social media use continues to grow exponentially, and the potential for responsible, ethical, and transparent social media to transform the ways in which we interact with and learn from each other increase with it. As we wait to see what the future holds for social media in society, we are reminded once again that it is the careful selection of pedagogical tools such as social media, as well the guided awareness of the challenges and benefits of those tools, that remains constant, even as tools may change, disappear, or fall out of fashion.

Catacomb culture wagons of the Eurasian steppes

Antiquity ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (340) ◽  
pp. 378-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.I. Shishlina ◽  
D.S. Kovalev ◽  
E.R. Ibragimova
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Catacomb Culture

The origin and development of wheeled vehicles continues to fascinate today no less than when Stuart Piggott (1974) first wrote about the subject inAntiquity40 years ago. A growing number of examples from the steppes of southern Russia and Ukraine are providing new insights into the design and construction of these complex artefacts. A recent example from the Ulan IV burial mound illustrates the techniques employed and the mastery of materials, with careful selection of the kinds of wood used for the wheels, axles and other elements. Stable isotope analysis of the individual interred in this grave showed that he had travelled widely, emphasising the mobility of steppe populations.

scholarly journals The Effects of Landscape Elements on the Breeding Sites of Bloodsucking Midge

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2863
Author(s):  
Kaowen Grace Chang ◽  
Hungju Chien
Keyword(s):  
Ground Surface ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Algae Growth ◽  
Potential Habitats ◽  
Landscape Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Forcipomyia taiwana, a bloodsucking midge that is one of the most irritating biting pests in Taiwan, has raised widespread public concern. However, we have little information about the extent to which landscape factors affect their potential habitats. As a result, landscape professionals do not have enough information to implement preventive strategies to control midges. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between landscaping and algae growth for larval breeding sites of Forcipomyia taiwana. The intent is to determine the environmental strategies that make the planned landscape unsuitable for midges to breed. GIS based on data collected from 16 constructed landscape sites (317,187 m2 in total) was utilized to spatially examine the relationship between the occurrence of the algae for midge breeding sites and the ground surface types and planting characteristics in each landscape. The results revealed that the potential midge habitats can be controlled through careful selection of the ground surface, the improvement of the site drainage, and choosing plants with the appropriate characteristics. Apart from choosing the appropriate type of paving surface, the integrity of the paving installation and the coverage of the ecological surface also influence prevention efficacy.

WEIGHT GAINS IN THE FIRST FOUR WEEKS OF INFANCY: A COMPARISON OF THREE DIETS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-368
Author(s):  
Ruth T. Gross ◽  
Lincoln E. Moses
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Clinical Judgement ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
The Many ◽  
Selection Of

Four hundred seven healthy, full-term infants were divided into three groups and fed, respectively, a formula of evaporated milk and water with 5% carbohydrate; human milk; and a special modified evaporated milk designed to simulate human milk. No other foods were added to the diet. A comparison of the three groups was made, based on weight gains from birth to the end of the first 4 weeks. The conclusions refer only to weight gains; no attempt was made to determine the superiority of any particular diet. The data show no significant differences in the 4-week weight gains among the three groups of infants, although sensitive statistical methods could be validly applied to the problem. These methods are explained. The authors wish to emphasize the many variables which must be taken into account in a study of this sort; the necessity for careful selection of valid statistical methods; the importance of critical clinical judgement in the evaluation of the results.

The Design for Assembly Guidelines Transform a Product Innovation From a Loser to a Winner

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Myszka
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Computer Models ◽  
Design For Assembly ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Manual Review ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Several manufacturer’s are witnessing soaring profits as a result of cost reductions derived from Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) analyses. These successes are prompting others to turn to more refined computer models of product assemblies. However, much can be gained from a very routine analysis, using nothing more than the basic Design for Assembly (DFA) guidelines. These gains can be realized at a mere fraction of the resources needed for the computer models. This method of analysis is especially appealing to engineers whose time constraints require careful selection of design activities. This paper argues that DFMA analysis does not need to be an elaborate modeling process to produce significant cost improvements. This point is illustrated with an example of a redesign of a cooking range door. A manual review of the DFA guidelines turned a design innovation from a loser into a winner. Success stories from such informal analyses should promote greater implementation across industries that are hesitant in adopting DFMA practices.

scholarly journals Energy Conservation Model Based on Genomic and Experimental Analyses of a Carbon Monoxide-Utilizing, Butyrate-Forming Acetogen, Eubacterium limosum KIST612

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (14) ◽  
pp. 4782-4790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyeong Jeong ◽  
Johannes Bertsch ◽  
Verena Hess ◽  
Sunju Choi ◽  
In-Geol Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Oxidation Of Co ◽  
Co Dehydrogenase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Eubacterium Limosum ◽  
The One ◽  
Conservation Model

ABSTRACTEubacterium limosumKIST612 is one of the few acetogens that can produce butyrate from carbon monoxide. We have used a genome-guided analysis to delineate the path of butyrate formation, the enzymes involved, and the potential coupling to ATP synthesis. Oxidation of CO is catalyzed by the acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthase/CO dehydrogenase and coupled to the reduction of ferredoxin. Oxidation of reduced ferredoxin is catalyzed by the Rnf complex and Na+dependent. Consistent with the finding of a Na+-dependent Rnf complex is the presence of a conserved Na+-binding motif in thecsubunit of the ATP synthase. Butyrate formation is from acetyl-CoA via acetoacetyl-CoA, hydroxybutyryl-CoA, crotonyl-CoA, and butyryl-CoA and is consistent with the finding of a gene cluster that encodes the enzymes for this pathway. The activity of the butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase was demonstrated. Reduction of crotonyl-CoA to butyryl-CoA with NADH as the reductant was coupled to reduction of ferredoxin. We postulate that the butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase uses flavin-based electron bifurcation to reduce ferredoxin, which is consistent with the finding ofetfAandetfBgenes next to it. The overall ATP yield was calculated and is significantly higher than the one obtained with H2+ CO2. The energetic benefit may be one reason that butyrate is formed only from CO but not from H2+ CO2.

scholarly journals Report of the Odessa City Psychiatric Hospital for 1906, compiled by the doctors of the hospital

1907 ◽  
Vol XIV (3-4) ◽  
pp. 205-206
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Selection Of

The report is a careful selection of digital data that illuminate in detail and visually the aspects of hospital life for the reporting year, especially since these data are organized into interesting general conclusions.

scholarly journals SMALL LOCAL BANKS IN SOCIAL MEDIA: CONVERTING SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY INTO CONSUMER ATTENTION AND ECONOMIC OUTCOMES

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 958-987
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kozłowski ◽  
Iwa Kuchciak
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Thematic Content ◽  
Consumer Attention ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Selection Of

This study investigates the thematic content of Facebook disclosures from small local banks (SLBs) in Poland, their impact on Facebook users’ attention, and the economic repercussions for SLBs’ growth and performance. Based on the specificity of SLBs and existing empirical evidence, it hypothesizes that disclosures on socially responsible issues increase customer attention and can be converted into economic outcomes. To verify the posed hypotheses, several data sources are employed, including a hand-collected dataset describing the specificity of Facebook activities from SLBs in Poland between 2010 and 2017, and a stepwise research strategy is implemented. First, models of SLBs’ Facebook disclosures are distinguished. Second, the kinds of social media activities that ensure SLBs’ popularity among Facebook users are determined. Third, the thematic content of SLBs’ Facebook disclosures is related to their growth or performance indicators. The collected evidence shows that SLBs, as expected, can garner attention if they concentrate their social media activities mainly on socially responsible or local issues. Moreover, socially responsible activities and economic outcomes are generally not opposed, but only a careful selection of specific social disclosures can effectively exploit social media to the economic advantage of SLBs.

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