Radial variations in cation exchange capacity and base saturation rate in the wood of pedunculate oak and European beech

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1829-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Herbauts ◽  
V Penninckx ◽  
W Gruber ◽  
P Meerts
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Saturation Rate

In a mixed forest stand on an ochreous brown earth in the Belgian Ardennes, pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) have outwardly decreasing cation concentration profiles in wood. To test if these profiles can be ascribed to endogenous factors or to decreased availability of cations in the soil, radial profiles of water-soluble, exchangeable, and total cations and of cation exchange capacity (CEC) of wood were determined. In both species, [Formula: see text]75% of K is in the water-soluble form so is of little use for dendrochemical monitoring. About 80% of Mg is adsorbed on wood exchange sites. For Ca, 30 (beech) to 60% (oak) of total content cannot be extracted by SrCl2 and is, thus, relatively immobile in wood. Wood CEC decreases from pith to bark in European beech and from pith to outer heartwood in pedunculate oak. Decreasing profiles of exchangeable Ca and Mg in pedunculate oak and exchangeable Ca in European beech are strongly constrained by CEC and, thus, are not related to environmental change. Base cation saturation rate shows no consistent radial change in either species. European beech maintained much higher base cation saturation rate than pedunculate oak, although both species had similar CEC. In conclusion, the results do not provide convincing evidence for a significant change in nutritional status of pedunculate oak and European beech in the Belgian Ardennes due to atmospheric pollution.

WHEAT YIELDS AND CHANGE IN CATIONS AFTER LEACHING SOIL WITH WATER CONTAINING INCREASING RATES OF POTASSIUM REFINERY DUST

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-410
Author(s):  
A. K. Ballantyne
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Silt Loam Soil ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity

Leaching a silt loam soil (cation exchange capacity 23 meq/100 g) with water containing increasing rates of potassium dust (KCl) indicated that high levels adversely affected germination and yields of wheat as well as response to fertilizer. Germination was greatly reduced by the treatment with 22.4 metric tons per hectare and nearly eliminated by 44.8 tons. The 44.8-ton/ha treatment also greatly reduced the yield of grain, but straw weights were affected very little by increasing rates of potassium dust. Response to fertilizer was also reduced by 22.4 and 44.8 tons. The exchangeable Ca and Mg decreased and K increased as increasing amounts of K dust were leached through the soil. The 44.8-ton treatment decreased the exchangeable Ca from 56.0 to 24.9% and the Mg from 21.2 to 4.9%, and increased the K from 7.2 to 51.9%. It would appear that K salts can be added to the soil, without any adverse effects, until the exchangeable K is increased to about 30%. With the soil under study this took more than 11.2 tons per ha (5 short tons/acre). The application of dolomite ameliorated the effect of excess K.

scholarly journals Number of extractionsin determination of effective cation-exchange capacity

1986 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Raina Niskanen
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Virgin Soil ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Cultivated Soils

The number of successive extractions with 1 M KCI needed for adequate estimation of effective cation-exchange capacity was studied with four mineral soils. The effective CEC estimated as the sum of equivalents of exchangeable Ca, Mg, Na, H and Al extracted by four successive treatments ranged from 57 to 206 meq/kg soil. In three cultivated soils, 63—90 % of CEC was saturated by Ca and Mg, in the fourth soil (a deeper layer virgin soil), 60 % of CEC by exchangeable H and Al. By two successive treatments often minutes duration with 50ml of 1 M KCI, the equivalent sum of exchangeable cations extracted amounted to 83—92 % of effective CEC in cultivated soils and 67 % of that in virgin soil; >90 % of exchangeable Ca and Mg, 78—97 % of Al, 48—62 % of H and 28—64 % of Na were extracted. By three successive treatments the equivalent sum amounted to 79—96 % of effective CEC, by the single treatment of 30 minutes duration with 100ml of 1 M KCI to 57—79 %. Two successive extractions with 1 M KCI may be enough for estimation of effective CEC in cultivated mineral soils with high degree of saturation by exchangeable Ca and Mg. Soils with high degree of saturation by exchangeable acidity require three successive extractions.

scholarly journals Estimation of cation-exchange capacity in routine soil testing

1986 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Raina Niskanen ◽  
Antti Jaakkola
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Soil Testing ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Exchangeable Ca

The efficiency of the soil testing method used in Finland for predicting the effective cation-exchange capacity was studied in a material of 430 topsoil samples. The effective cation-exchange capacity was estimated 1) by summation of exchangeable Ca, Mg and acidity displaced by unbuffered 1 M KCI and 2) by summation of exchangeable Ca, Mg, K and Na displaced by neutral 1 M ammonium acetate and exchangeable acidity. In soil testing, Ca, Mg and K were extracted by acid ammonium acetate and soil pH measured in water-suspension. The estimates of the effective CEC were highly correlated and dependent on the clay and organic carbon content and pH(CaCl2) of the soil, the coefficient of multiple determination being over 80 %. Exchangeable Ca was the dominating cation. The proportion of Ca of the effective CEC was about 80 %. Acid ammonium acetate-extractable Ca together with pH(H2O) explained over 80 % of the variation in the effective CEC. For the whole material consisting of mineral soils with great variations in texture, organic carbon content and properties under evaluation, the regression equation predicting the effective CEC (KCI method) was CEC (mval/kg) = 309—56.8pH(H2O) + 0.085Ca(mg/l). Only 16 % of the estimates of the effective CEC calculated with this regression equation deviated more than 15 % from the measured values.

Impacts of whole-tree harvesting and winter windrowing on soil pH and base status of clayey sites of northwestern Quebec

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 997-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Brais ◽  
C. Camiré ◽  
D. Paré
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Tree Harvesting

To assess the impact of forest operations on soil nutrient status, modifications to forest floor, to 0–10 and 10–20 cm mineral soil base status, and to pH were evaluated 5–12 years following whole-tree harvesting and winter windrowing on dry to fresh and moist clayey sites in the clay belt region of northwestern Quebec. Whole-tree harvesting had few impacts on base concentrations and soil pH of dry to fresh sites. On moist sites, significant decreases in pH (−0.60 to −0.84 units), exchangeable Ca, total Ca, and, exchangeable Mg concentrations, base saturation, and effective cation exchange capacity were observed following harvesting. On dry to fresh sites, a decrease in the forest floor weight (−55%) accounted for significant reductions in exchangeable Ca (−55%), total Ca (−61%), and exchangeable K (−40%) pools in this layer, while reserves of both mineral layers were not affected. On moist sites, significant decreases in exchangeable Ca (−42 to −65%) and Mg (−35 to −56%) reserves occurred in all soil layers, while forest floor reserves of total Ca, Mg, and K decreased by 67, 48, and 40%, respectively. These reductions were caused by a loss of substrate in the forest floor (−44%) and a decrease in effective cation exchange capacity, exchangeable Ca saturation, and total Ca concentrations. Impacts of windrowing following whole-tree harvesting were limited to a reduction in reserves of exchangeable Ca (−22%), exchangeable Mg (−27%), total Ca (−20%), and total Mg (−29%) pools of the forest floor of moist sites. Values reported here are much greater than values generally predicted by a balance sheet approach and underline the need for more process-oriented studies. Impacts of these losses on long-term site productivity remain to be investigated.

Soil cation exchange capacity and exchangeable base cation content in the profiles of four typical soils in the Xi-Shui Forest Zone of the Qilian Mountains

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 3368-3377
Author(s):  
姜林 JIANG Lin ◽  
耿增超 GENG Zengchao ◽  
李珊珊 LI Shanshan ◽  
佘雕 SHE Diao ◽  
何绪生 HE Xusheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Qilian Mountains ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Cation Content ◽  
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
The Qilian Mountains

scholarly journals Distribution of Soil Fertility of Smallholding Arabica Coffee Farms at Ijen-Raung Highland Areas Based on Altitude and Shade Trees

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niken Puspita sari ◽  
Teguh Iman Santoso ◽  
Surip Mawardi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Soil Fertility Status

Soil fertility is one of the most important factors influencing plant growth and productivity and it depends on the availability and quantity of nutrients in the soil. To study soil fertility status of an area, a study on soil chemistry and physics has to be conducted. The aim of this study was to investigate soil fertility status of smallholding Arabica coffee farms based on altitude and shades trees utilization. This research was carried out in April-August 2012 at IjenRaung highland areas by field survey. The results showed that the soil contained high content of organic carbon, nitrogen total, and C/N ratio; low available phosphorus; moderate to high cation exchange capacity, and low base cation of calcium, magnesium, and potassium; as well as slightly low pH. Higher altitude tended to have higher C organic and N total content, C/N ratio as well as pH. In contrast, in lower altitude tended to have lower available P, base saturation, as well as Ca, Mg, and K content. The dominant shade trees for coffee farming at the Ijen-Raung highland areas were suren (Toona sureni) , dadap (Erythrina sp.), kayumanis (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), pinus (Pinus mercusii), and kayu putih (Eucalyptus globulus). Different shade tree species resulted in different of soil fertility. Shade trees tended to influence cation exchange capacity from moderate to high, pH slightly acid, high base saturation, and low P available. Suren tree influenced better base cation than that of other trees but dadap tree was better in increasing soil fertility. Key word: Soil fertility, arabica coffee, andisol, shade trees, smallholding

HIGH SOIL CALCIUM SATURATION LIMITS USE OF LEAF POTASSIUM DIAGNOSIS WHEN KCL IS APPLIED IN OIL PALM PLANTATIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 794-804
Author(s):  
BERNARD DUBOS ◽  
VICTOR BARON ◽  
XAVIER BONNEAU ◽  
ALBERT FLORI ◽  
JEAN OLLIVIER
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Calcium ◽  
Exchangeable Ca

SUMMARYPotassium chloride (KCl) is the most widely used fertilizer in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plantations and the rates applied are based on interpretation of leaf K contents. When no positive response on leaf K contents can be detected, no optimum content can be established whatever the yield response to KCl rates. We used data from 13 fertilization trials conducted on several continents to study the responses of leaf K, leaf Cl, leaf Ca and yield to KCl rates as a function of the soil properties of each site. We found that the abundance of exchangeable Ca in the soil expressed as a percent of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) was the best soil variable to predict if leaf K content would increase with KCl rates. In addition, we found that the leaf K contents of unfertilized controls at the end of the trials were also correlated with Ca/CEC. This ratio thus appears to be a better index of soil K reserves than soil exchangeable K content.

scholarly journals The Influence of Basalt Powder on the Physicochemical Properties of Impoverished Oxisoils from Ngaoundéré (Adamawa - Cameroon)

2021 ◽  
pp. 307-315
Author(s):  
Dalil Adoulko ◽  
Simon Djakba Basga ◽  
Rigobert Tchameni ◽  
Jean Pierre Nguetnkam
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Exchangeable Bases ◽  
Saturation Rate

The present study aims at assessing the fertilizing potential of basalts on impoverished oxisoils from Ngaoundéré (Adamawa, Cameroon). This specifically involves the application of finely ground basalts on impoverished oxisoils and monitoring changes in physicochemical properties during six months. An experimental design which consisted in a randomized complete block design is constituted of three series of four treatments each one: the control (ST), the control soil mixed with 100 g of finely ground basalt (T0 + BA_10), the control soil mixed with 200 g of finely ground basalt (T0 + BA_20), the control soil mixed with 300 g of finely ground basalt (T0 + BA_30). Each treatment was replicated ten times in every serie. The control treatment is only soils of Ng, collected at the top soil and without any basalt application. They are clayey, acid and display an average CEC. The basalt is rich in silica (47.52%), Calcium (8.22%), Magnesium (4.03%), sodium (4.01%), potassium (2.42%) and displays average content in alumina (16.54%) and iron (11.1%). The experiment was carried out in pots, and the incubated soil samples were analyzed after 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 months. The analyzes mainly focused on the physicochemical parameters (Grain size analysis, pH, Cation exchange capacity (CEC), the sum of exchangeable bases (SBE) and the saturation rate (V). Obtained results indicated that the application of basalt greatly improved the chemical properties of oxisoils from Ngaoundéré: the pH changes from acidic (5.5) to weakly acidic (6.5); the saturation rate, as well as the sum of exchangeable bases and the cation exchange capacity increased. Physicochemical properties of the soil are closely accompanied by an increase in fertility. It appears that 10 and 20% treatments are the most efficient treatments. Thus, the basalts from Manwi can be recommended as petrofertilizer to improve the chemical properties of impoverished soils and especially for plants requiring alkalis and alkaline earth.

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