EVOLUTIONARY MOTIFS FOR THE AUTOMATED DISCOVERY OF SELF-ORGANIZING DIMER AUTOMATA

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (08) ◽  
pp. 1250081
Author(s):  
DUSTIN ARENDT ◽  
YANG CAO
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Exhaustive Search ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Diverse Population ◽  
Reverse Engineer ◽  
Automated Discovery ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
Interesting Behavior ◽  
Fast Growth Rate

It is usually difficult to reverse engineer a simple rule that exhibits some desirable and interesting behavior. We approach this problem by searching for dimer automaton rules exhibiting a broadly defined behavior, self-organization. We expected the simple and asynchronous nature of dimer automata to hinder self-organization, but an exhaustive search quickly yielded three rules that do, in fact, exhibit properties of self-organization. Two of these rules are applicable to actual physical phenomena, motivating searching for additional, more complex rules. However, exhaustive searches scale poorly here because of the rarity of interesting rules combined with the fast growth rate of the search space. To address these challenges we developed the evolutionary motifs algorithm. This algorithm finds the building blocks of the previously found dimer automaton rules, and combines them to form new rules in an evolutionary manner. Our evolutionary algorithm was more effective than an exhaustive search, producing a diverse population of rules exhibiting self-organization.

Ordered Assembling of Size and Shape Selected Nanocrystals

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 728-729
Author(s):  
Z.L. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Organic Coating ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Functional Specificity ◽  
Orientation Order ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
Superlattice Structures ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Nanoparticles and the physical and chemical functional specificity and selectivity they possess, suggest them as ideal building blocks for two- and three-dimensional cluster self-assembled superlattice structures, in which the particles behave as well-defined molecular matter and they are arranged with long-range translation and even orientation order [1]. Self-assembled arrays involve self-organization into monolayers, thin films, and superlattices of size-selected nanoclusters encapsulated in protective compact organic coating. The macroscopic properties of the nanocrystal superlattice (NCS) are determined not only by the properties of each individual particle but by the coupling/interaction between nanocrystals interconnected and isolated by a monolayer of thin organic molecules.Periodic packing of nanocrystals is different from the 3-D packing of atoms. First, to an excellent approximation atoms are spherical, while nanoparticles can be faceted polyhedra, thus, the 3-D packing of particles can be critically affected by their shapes and sizes.

scholarly journals A Bounded Exhaustive Search Technique for Optimal Phasor Measurement Unit Placement in Power Grids

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2021
Author(s):  
Ahmad Asrul Ibrahim ◽  
Khairuddin Khalid ◽  
Hussain Shareef ◽  
Nor Azwan Mohamed Kamari
Keyword(s):  
Search Space ◽  
Exhaustive Search ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Phasor Measurement Unit ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Search Technique ◽  
Phasor Measurement ◽  
Pmu Placement

This paper proposes a technique to determine the possible optimal placement of the phasor measurement unit (PMU) in power grids for normal operating conditions. All possible combinations of PMU placement, including infeasible combinations, are typically considered in finding the optimal solution, which could be a massive search space. An integer search algorithm called the bounded search technique is introduced to reduce the search space in solving a minimum number of PMU allocations whilst maintaining full system observability. The proposed technique is based on connectivity and symmetry constraints that can be derived from the observability matrix. As the technique is coupled with the exhaustive technique, the technique is called the bounded exhaustive search (BES) technique. Several IEEE test systems, namely, IEEE 9-bus, IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 24-bus and IEEE 30-bus, are considered to showcase the performance of the proposed technique. An initial Monte Carlo simulation was carried out to evaluate the capability of the bounded search technique in providing a smaller feasible search space. The effectiveness of the BES technique in terms of computational time is compared with the existing exhaustive technique. Results demonstrate that the search space can be reduced tremendously, and the computational burden can be eased, when finding the optimal PMU placement in power grids.

Two-Compartment Micellar Assemblies Obtained via Aqueous Self-Organization of Synthetic Polymer Building Blocks

Langmuir ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2506-2510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas F. Thünemann ◽  
Stephan Kubowicz ◽  
Hans von Berlepsch ◽  
Helmuth Möhwald
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Synthetic Polymer ◽  
Self Organization

scholarly journals Towards Complex Matter: Supramolecular Chemistry and Self-organization

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marie Lehn
Keyword(s):  
Supramolecular Chemistry ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Supramolecular Systems ◽  
Molecular Information ◽  
Complex Matter

Chemistry has developed from molecular chemistry, mastering the combination and recombination of atoms into increasingly complex molecules, to supramolecular chemistry, harnessing intermolecular forces for the generation of informed supramolecular systems and processes through the implementation of molecular information carried by electromagnetic interactions. Supramolecular chemistry is actively exploring systems undergoing self-organization, i.e. systems capable of spontaneously generating well-defined functional supramolecular architectures by self-assembly from their components, on the basis of the molecular information stored in the covalent framework of the components and read out at the supramolecular level through specific molecular recognition interactional algorithms, thus behaving as programmed chemical systems. Supramolecular entities as well as molecules containing reversible bonds are able to undergo a continuous change in constitution by reorganization and exchange of building blocks. This capability defines a Constitutional Dynamic Chemistry (CDC) on both the molecular and supramolecular levels. CDC introduces a paradigm shift with respect to constitutionally static chemistry. It takes advantage of dynamic constitutional diversity to allow variation and selection and thus adaptation. The merging of the features of supramolecular systems – information and programmability; dynamics and reversibility; constitution and structural diversity – points towards the emergence of adaptive chemistry. A further development will concern the inclusion of the arrow of time, i.e. of non-equilibrium, irreversible processes and the exploration of the frontiers of chemical evolution towards the establishment of evolutive chemistry, where the features acquired by adaptation are conserved and transmitted. In combination with the corresponding fields of physics and biology, chemistry thus plays a major role in the progressive elaboration of a science of informed, organized, evolutive matter, a science of complex matter.

scholarly journals Emergence of Digital Twins - Is this the march of reason?

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoumen Palit Austin Datta
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
The Status ◽  
Process Visibility ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Automated Discovery ◽  
Known Unknowns ◽  
Map Data

Multiple forms of digital transformation are imminent. Digital Twins represent one concept, where we may use tools and technologies to “map” data (bits) from objects (atoms). It is gaining momentum because the “map” can act as a “compass” to reveal the status of atoms (things, devices, components, machines, people), process visibility and real-time transparency. Adoption of digital proxies, or digital duplicates, may face hurdles due to lack of semantic interoperability between architectures, standards and ontologies. The technologies necessary for automated discovery are in short supply. Progress depends on the convergence of information technology, operational technology and protocol-agnostic telecommunications. Making sense of the data, ability to curate data, and perform data analytics, at the edge (or mist, rather than in the fog or cloud) is key to value. Delivering algorithm engines to the edge, are crucial for edge analytics, if latency is detrimental. The confluence of these, and other factors, may chart the future path for Digital Twins. The number of unknown unknowns, and the known unknowns, in this process, makes it imperative to create global infrastructures and organize groups, to pursue the development of fundamental building blocks. We need new ideas and research in new domains to generate creative and innovative solutions. 

scholarly journals Accelerated discovery of nanomaterials using computer simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trung Dac Nguyen ◽  
Hanh Thi Hong Nguyen ◽  
Minh Duy Le ◽  
Hung Xuan Truong
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
The Past ◽  
Assembly Pathways

Next-generation nanotechnology demands new materials and devices that are highly efficient, multifunctional, cost-effective and environmental friendly. The need to accelerate the discovery of new materials therefore becomes more pressing than ever. Over the past two decades, self-assembly techniques have provided a promising means for fabricating nanomaterials, where the underlying structures are formed by the self-organization of building blocks, such as nanoparticles, colloids and block copolymers, in a similar fashion to biological systems. The fundamental challenges to these bottom techniques are to design suitable assembling units, to tailor their interaction rules and to identify possible assembly pathways. In this report, we will demonstrate how computer simulation has been a powerful tool for tackling these fundamental challenges, providing not only profound insights into the complex interplay between the building blocks’ geometry and their interactions, but also valuable predictions to inspire on-going and future experiment. Theoretical background of self-assembly studies; simulation methods and data analysis tools commonly used will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Supramolecular Structures and Self-Association Processes in Polymer Systems

2016 ◽  
pp. S165-S178 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. HRUBÝ ◽  
S. K. FILIPPOV ◽  
P. ŠTĚPÁNEK
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Polymer System ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Triggered Release ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Self Association

Self-organization in a polymer system appears when a balance is achieved between long-range repulsive and short-range attractive forces between the chemically different building blocks. Block copolymers forming supramolecular assemblies in aqueous media represent materials which are extremely useful for the construction of drug delivery systems especially for cancer applications. Such formulations suppress unwanted physico-chemical properties of the encapsulated drugs, modify biodistribution of the drugs towards targeted delivery into tissue of interest and allow triggered release of the active cargo. In this review, we focus on general principles of polymer self-organization in solution, phase separation in polymer systems (driven by external stimuli, especially by changes in temperature, pH, solvent change and light) and on effects of copolymer architecture on the self-assembly process.

scholarly journals Modified simplified algorithm of the method of group consideration of arguments in simulation processes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Ravska ◽  
Eugene Korbut ◽  
Oleksiy Ivanovskyi ◽  
Radion Rodin ◽  
Valeria Parnenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Process Management ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
A Priori Information ◽  
Simplified Algorithm ◽  
Priori Information ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
Structural Commonality ◽  
Reference Functions

There are many types and methods of simulation, but among them special attention should be paid to methods based on the theory of heuristic self-organization. All algorithms of the method of group argumentation (MGVA) are characterized by structural commonality on the principle of self-organization, which require insignificant requirements for a priori information to search for an infinite number of options. The advantage of the algorithm of the method of group consideration of arguments in comparison with other algorithms of this class is the presence of possibilities of expansion of the vector of initial data and the device for elimination of collinearity - reception of orthogonalization. MGVA consists of two blocks: pre-processing of observations taking into account the system of selected reference functions and calculation of selection applicants. As a result of the algorithm, models capable of controlling the process taking into account the phenomena accompanying a certain process are obtained. Given the commonality of the main provisions of the theory of self-organization of artificial neural networks and MGVA, the network variables are added to the model as a variable Z. As a result, we obtain a neural network that describes the physical phenomena accompanying the process. This will significantly increase the efficiency and accuracy of process management.

Preliminary Results on Generating Assembly Sequences for Shape Display

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastien J. Wolff ◽  
Imme Ebert-Uphoff
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Sequence Generation ◽  
Assembly Method ◽  
Assembly Sequences ◽  
Physical Shape ◽  
Assembly Sequence Generation ◽  
Rule Based Approach ◽  
Display Systems

Recently there has been much interest in developing shape display systems, i.e. systems that can generate, based on a virtual representation such as a CAD file, a physical shape that a user can touch. The approach considered here is to automatically assemble a shape from simple, identical building blocks using a robot. This paper describes preliminary research results on generating assembly sequences for this purpose, using a rule-based approach in order to deal with the huge search space due to the large number of components. While many of the details of the rule-based approach are discussed elsewhere, this paper focuses on analyzing and comparing the use of two different methods, the assembly method and the disassembly method in the z-direction, for assembly sequence generation.

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