scholarly journals China’s Green Urbanization in the Perspective of Ecological Civilization

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150001
Author(s):  
ZHANG Yongsheng
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
County Level ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
Natural Parks ◽  
The City ◽  
Organizational Logic

This paper proposes a conceptual framework and a strategic idea for China’s green urbanization from the perspective of ecological civilization. The existing urbanization model — whether the activities carried out in the city or the city’s organization form — is largely a product of the traditional industrial era. China must think outside the traditional industrial box and promote green urbanization based on ecological civilization which is the fundamental solution to address the unsustainable development of cities. Green urbanization is more like “building cities in (natural) parks”, rather than “building parks in existing cities”, that is, creating a prosperous economy without destroying but making full use of the natural ecological environment. This means there will be profound changes to the development concept, the activity carried out in the city, the city’s organizational logic, and the implications of the regional economy. China’s green urbanization based on ecological civilization should focus on three basic tasks and two strategies. The three tasks are to reshape the existing cities, urbanize the newly added population in a green way, and redefine the rural areas. The two key strategies are to realize green urbanization of urban clusters that account for more than 90% of the national GDP, 70% of the total population, and 30% of the land area; and to urbanize county-level areas where about 60% of the national population resides.

scholarly journals Psychiatry in Iran

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 10-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Sadeghi ◽  
Gholamreza Mirsepassi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Land Area ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
The Persian Gulf

The Islamic Republic of Iran is located in the Middle East between the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf. Iran's total land area is 1 648 000 km2. Its total population in 2003 was about 68 920 000 (UNICEF, 2003). The population growth rate is 1.41%. Of the total population, 60.4% live in urban and 39.6% in rural areas (Yasamy et al, 2001).

scholarly journals Psychiatry in Bangladesh

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rezaul Karim ◽  
Fakhruzzaman Shaheed ◽  
Siddhartha Paul
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Land Area

The People's Republic of Bangladesh is located in South Asia. The total land area of Bangladesh is 147570 km2. Its total population in 2001 was about 123 million. The population growth rate is 1.47%; of the total population, 75% live in rural areas and 25% in urban areas (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, 2000).

Studies of Ecological Environment Management in the New Countryside Construction Progress

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1143-1146
Author(s):  
Hai Min WEI
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Environmental Management System ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
New Countryside Construction ◽  
Multiple Pollution ◽  
New Countryside ◽  
Environmental Protection Policies

In order to build the rural ecological civilization, and promote the building of a new socialist countryside, we must attach importance to rural environmental protection. By analyzing the water pollution, soil pollution and solid waste pollution situation in the new countryside construction progress, this paper indicate that three major reasons of the rural ecological environment multiple pollution are pollution-intensive industries rapiddly transferring to rural, excessive use of chemicals and unreasonable use of land, and finally conclude ecological and environmental protection measures: improve the rural ecological environmental protection policies, regulations and standards system; strengthen the government's role in the management of the ecological environment; establish a sound environmental management system in rural areas; and increase environmental publicity, education and training efforts.

scholarly journals Demographic indicators of fertility and medico-social influenses on them

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Lunyova Irina ◽  
Oksana Ju Ivanova ◽  
Aleksander V Khardikov ◽  
Tatyana S Ivanova ◽  
Natalya V Abrosimova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The City

Aim. For the past hundred years, changes in the dynamics of fertility has been terrific in Russia, the transition has been from traditional to new, modern type of reproductive behavior. The purpose of the study. To study the demographic indicators of fertility and social factors affecting these figures in the Kursk and Belgorod regions for 25 years (1990-2015). Materials and methods. Based on annual statistical data of RosStat, we researched the dynamics of fertility in the Kursk and Belgorod regions between 1990 and 2015. According to the survey of 1291 women aged 20-34 years living in Kursk, we gave the major factors influencing on the fertility and childlessness. Results. In the Kursk and Belgorod regions from 1990 to 2000 there is a decrease in the birth rate 34.7% and 38%, respectively, with a minimum value in 2000 (р > 0,05). But in the period from 2000 to 2015 there is an increase of this index in Kursk region 50.6%, in Belgorod – by 43.8%, in Russia – 52.9% (р > 0.05), but the birth rate has not reached the 1990 data and remains below the national average. The increase in the birth rate due to increase in births of the second and subsequent children, mostly in rural areas. At the same time, the total fertility rate, which is calculated for the total population, in rural areas recorded significantly lower than in the city. This is due to a lower proportion of residents of reproductive age in the total population of the village compared with the city. Between 1990 and 2015 significantly increases the share of births over the age of 25 and decreases in the age range 18-24 years. Conclusion. It is proved that the birth rate is governed by the number of marriages, with the ratio of male and female population of reproductive age, maternal mortality.

scholarly journals PILIHAN PETANI PADA KELEMBAGAAN LAHAN USAHATANI TANAMAN PANGAN DI PARANGGUPITO KABUPATEN WONOGIRI

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Suwarto Suwarto ◽  
Mohamad Harisudin ◽  
Ernoiz Antriyandarti
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Bargaining Position ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

<p>The choice of institutional land in farming crops for farmers can be influenced by the situation and condition of the farmers who worked in the institutional field. Institutional land in farms is important, thus it is necessity to know the institutional land that currently exist in a region along with the factors that influence the choice of institutional land for farmers. The study was designed to answer the following research problem: (1) to explore and describe institutional dry land area of research in current conditions, and (2) to identify the factors that influence the choice of institutional dry land on farm crops. The location of research used poor rural areas which are far away from the town, Bandungan Hamlet and Parang Kulon Hamlet, Paranggupito District, southern region of Wonogiri Regency , ± 70 km from the Capital of Wonogiri. The choice of location is relatively far away from the city intended to get comprehensive information on institutional land. There were 32 farm households in both hamlets that have cooperation in institutional land as respondents. This research conducted in-depth survey and assessment. The result of study showed that the cooperation on an institutional land area there are pledge, lease, ‘sakap’, and lending. Various factors that influence farmers' choices in the institutional area are known, namely: the bargaining position of farmers who work together, the distance of land by farmers, and kinship.</p>

The inhabitants of Athens, 1900-1960. Demography

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ευγενία Μπουρνόβα (Eugenia Bournova)
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
The Social ◽  
Demographic Behaviour ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This book is a study on the composition, demographic behaviour, and socio-professional structure of the population of Athens during the period 1900–1960. It is a work of primary research and aims to serve as a foundation for further research. It employs an analytical and methodical approach to address shortcomings in the historiography of Greek urban populations. To this end, it utilises the marriage records of the Municipality of Athens for the period 1910–1960, making this the first time that they become the subject of historical study. This study also draws on published sources, particularly the results of censuses in the period 1907–1961, and natural movement of population during the period 1921–1960, as well as N. Igglesis’ Guide to Greece, especially the volumes for 1910 and 1921. The study comprises three distinct chapters. Chapter One deals with the integration of the population of the Municipality of Athens into the broader national framework and into the physical space of the city and its suburbs. During the period studied, the Municipality of Athens underwent significant changes: Its population grew 4.5 times, whilst its land area decreased as a result of dozens of secessions, during the 1920s and 1930s, of localities that broke off to form the new municipalities. These secessions weakened the Municipality’s pole position in the urban network and signalled an overall shift to the Capital Region. During the 1950s, the two initial urban centres, Athens and Piraeus, grew at a significantly slower pace than the suburban municipalities. The Municipality’s land area was never limited in relation to its population, and there were no cases of overcrowding comparable to those in Europe’s developed capitalist nations. Until 1960, the urban network was not very dense and had not covered the Municipality’s entire expanse, and it was even possible to locate rural areas within the city limits. Like today, the city centre was its historical centre and was its commercial, administrative, cultural, and financial hub until the gradual and partial decentralisation that was to take place in the 21st century. Chapter Two presents the fundamental characteristics of the population structure and composition and the evolution of its demographics, and highlights the impact of migration on the constitution of the capital’s population. During 1900–1960, the capital’s residents began to diverge considerably from the national mean in several areas concerning demographics, as well as in their overall cultural level. The population of Athens grew continuously, becoming an increasingly larger part of both the urban- and overall population of Greece. The changing characteristics of migration to the capital saw the predominance of males in the city give way to a predominance of females and also resulted in a decrease in the number of children and youth under the age of 15 in its population. For the most part, migrants to the capital continued to be supplied by the same areas for over a century – namely the Peloponnese and the Cyclades islands – and there were few foreign citizens living in Athens during the first half of the 20th century. Yet the biggest difference compared to the rest of the country, and the one that confirmed the capital’s supremacy as a place of culture and liberty, were Athenian women, who could read and write. Chapter Three of this study examines the demographic behaviour of the capital’s residents. Focusing on marriage, it uses the Municipality’s marriage registry records to identify the rules and social practices that governed it, as well as the social and geographical mobility of the various socio-professional groups of both sexes. The methodical mapping of the data aims to clearly demonstrate the social and spatial mobility and make possible a comparative approach with other European countries. With the young population that it drew from other regions, Athens recorded high nuptiality, albeit with a higher average age at first marriage. Meanwhile, both internal migrants and refugees exhibited high rates of geographical endogamy, more so than rates of professional endogamy. It becomes clear, however, that up until 1960, Athens was not the unproductive city that certain researchers claim it was.  Both before and after the war, labourers made up 13%–16% of the population, whilst craftsmen and shopkeepers accounted for 23.6%–25%. The elite comprised at least 10% of Athenians, as much before as after the war. This relative stability of the professional structures is a clear indicator that, until 1960, the capital had not yet entered into a new economic development model reflected n the socio-professional composition of its population. Finally, the beginnings of the process of geographical distribution also become evident, by mapping individuals’ place of residence in relation to their birthplace, demonstrating a movement of population to areas north and east of the city centre.     

scholarly journals Government Competition, Land Supply Structure and Semi-Urbanization in China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1371
Author(s):  
Jiale Zhou ◽  
Xiaofen Yu ◽  
Xizan Jin ◽  
Nuannuan Mao
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Harmonious Society ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Coordinated Development ◽  
Land Supply ◽  
Social Instability ◽  
Influence Mechanism ◽  
Urbanization In China ◽  
Population Urbanization ◽  
The City

Population urbanization is crucial to establishing a harmonious society. However, the phenomenon of population semi-urbanization is becoming an issue of ever-increasing concern in China. More and more immigrants from rural areas work and live in the city, but their roots remain in the rural area. This paper aims to analyze the influence mechanism of government competition on population semi-urbanization through land supply structure. The study’s theoretical analysis and empirical analysis results are based on the panel data of 105 key prefecture-level cities in China from 2007 to 2017. The results demonstrate that: (1) land finance and land-motivated investment engendered by government competition lead to an imbalance in the land price structure, further increasing the rate of population semi-urbanization; (2) land finance does not lead to population semi-urbanization through the land area structure; and (3) land-motivated investment aggravates the imbalance in the land area structure, further leading to population semi-urbanization. It is found that government competition in terms of achieving performance indicators affects population semi-urbanization by adjusting the land supply structure. Efforts should be made to achieve the coordinated development of urbanization, given that the increasing rate of population semi-urbanization will almost certainly aggravate social instability.

KEBANGGAAN TERHADAP BATIK MADURA BAGI WARGA SUMENEP

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayyida Sayyida ◽  
Nurdody Zakki
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Parametric Regression ◽  
Logit Function ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
Level Of Risk ◽  
Non Parametric

Diversity of Indonesian Batik hanging area. One of the very well-known Indonesian batik is Batik Madura. Batik Madura has become a pride for Indonesia, especially for Madura. The purpose of the study is to model the Sumenep pride to Batik Madura and to see the level of risk or tendency of batik madura pride for the community group Sumenep. This research method uses a non parametric regression used a non-parametric regression because the dependent variable in this study is the variable Y are variables not normally distributed. The results of this study states that the level of risk of the village in Sumenep proud of batik is almost 5 times higher than the islands while people in this city who live in the district town at risk Sumenep proud of Batik Madura 8-fold compared to the archipelago. So it can be concluded that the city is much more proud of batik than those who reside in rural areas especially those who reside in the islands. This study uses data from 100 questionnaires were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The conclusion of this study is the pride of the batik model as follows: Function logistic regression / logit function: g (x) = 0,074 + 1,568X4(1)+2,159X4(2 this is case the islands as a comparison, X4(1)  is the place to stay in the village and X4(2)  is the place to stay in town, so the Model Opportunities p(x) = EXP(g(x))/1+EXP(g(x)).  Hopes for further research is to conduct research on the development of batik in an integrated region, the need to be disseminated to potential areas of particular potential in Madura batik, especially for residents who reside in the Islands.Keywords: Pride, Batik, Sumenep.

TILTAI IR KELTAI KAIP XVIII AMŽIAUS VILNIAUS PAVIETO BAJORŲ TEISINIŲ GINČŲ OBJEKTAI IR NUSIKALTIMŲ ERDVĖS

2018 ◽  
pp. 299-318
Author(s):  
Domininkas Burba
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Common Type ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Small Object ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Green Bridge ◽  
Violent Conflicts ◽  
The City

Bridges and ferries, as objects of dispute and crime locations among the eighteenth century nobles of Vilnius district, is the main topic of research in this article. Case materials and auxiliary documents from the records of Vilnius district castle and land courts reveal how often bridges are mentioned in the court processes in both violent and non-violent crimes. Research explores what types of violent crimes took place on bridges or ferries most often. It also works on questions of geographic localisation and statistics, discussing general situation of bridges in Vilnius and its neighbouring areas in the eighteenth century. Bridges are regularly mentioned in the books of the eighteenth century Vilnius castle and land courts, albeit most references are not related to conflicts and bridges are mentioned as orientation marks or in reference to location of a real estate object. Both non-violent legal disputes, involving bridges as objects, and violent crimes on the bridges were not in multitude, however non-violent crimes were in smaller numbers. There were seven dispute cases about lands, properties and plots of land where bridges and ferries are mentioned. Non-violent conflicts mostly took place in rural areas of the district, four of them, and three such disputes happened in Vilnius (one on the Green Bridge and two on the bridges over the River Vilnia). Most commonly recorded violent crime on a bridge was beating and, since this was the most common type of crime perpetrated by nobles in the eighteenth century Vilnius district, this trend is logical. A bridge is once mentioned in the record about a raid. In terms of location, more crimes on the bridges took place in the rural space, although this particular space wasn’t dominant, since six crimes were reported in the province and five in the city – two in Vilnius on the Green (Stone) Bridge, two on the bridges over the River Vilnia and one on a ferry near Šnipiškės. Trends in crime locations match general crime tendencies in Vilnius district, where more crimes took place in the rural space than in the urban one. One may guess, that the rare mention of bridges partially testifies to the fact that in the eighteenth century Vilnius district level of communication was not high and there were not too many bridges. On the other hand, when assessing trends in violent crimes in Vilnius district it was revealed that bridge based crimes comprised only one percent of all crimes. Having in mind that bridge is a relatively small object, compared to several different or other urban and rural spaces, this number isn’t that small. Keywords: Vilnius district, castle court, land court, crimes, nobles, peasants, bridges, ferries, passings.

Исследование психологических особенностей восприятия города Бишкек городскими и сельскими студентами

2019 ◽  
pp. 98-100
Author(s):  
Д. М. Кудайбердиева
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Space Perception ◽  
Language Barrier ◽  
Rural Students ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spatial Environment ◽  
The City

Аннотация. В данной статье рассматривается проблема восприятия городской среды студентами из города и сельской местности. Обозначены определения терминов «среда», «пространственная среда», «городская среда». Проведено экспериментальное сравнительное исследование особенностей восприятия города Бишкек городскими и сельскими студентами в количестве 50 человек. Статья содержит результаты проведенного анализа исследования. Выявлены различия и сходства в восприятии города Бишкек у студентов двух групп. В контексте восприятия города изучена неудовлетворенность прошлым и настоящим временем, трудности языкового барьера у студентов из сельской местности. Также было выявлено, что актуальной для студентов обеих групп является потребность в социальных контактах, общении, включенности в социум. Полученные результаты будут иметь пользу в проведении воспитательной работы со студентами из сельской местности, в оказании поддержки им в период адаптации с учетом особенностей восприятия города студентами. Ключевые слова. среда, городская среда, восприятие пространства, городские студенты, сельские студенты, восприятие города Бишкек, неудовлетворенность прошлым и настоящим, языковой барьер, учеба в городе, сходства и различия в восприятии города. Аннотация. Бул макалада шаардык жана айылдан келген студенттердин шаардык чөйрөнү кабыл алуу көйгөйү каралган. «Чөйрө», «мейкиндик чөйрө», «шаардык чөйрө» терминдеринин түшүнүктөрү келтирилген. 50 адамдан турган шаардык жана айылдык студенттердин Бишкек шаарын кабыл алуу өзгөчөлүктөрүнө эксперименталдык салыштырма изилдөө жүргүзүлгөн. Макалада изилдөөнүн анализ жыйынтыктары камтылган. Эки студенттик топторунун Бишкек шаарын кабыл алуусунун айырмачылыктары жана окшоштуктары белгиленген. Шаарды кабыл алуу контекстинде өткөн жана учур чактарга канагаттанбоо, тил барьеринин кыйынчылыктары изилденди. Ошондой эле студенттердин эки тобуна актуалдуу болуп социалдык катнаштарга, баарлашууга, коомго кошулуу муктаждыгы белгиленүүдө. Алынган жыйынтыктар студенттердин шаарды кабыл алуу өзгөчөлүктөрүнө эске алып, айылдан келген студенттерге адаптация убагында колдоо көрсөтүү максатында тарбиялык иштерди жүргүзүүдө жардам берет. Түйүндүү сөздөр. Чөйрө, шаардык чөйрө, мейкиндикти кабыл алуу, шаардык студенттер, айылдык студенттер, Бишкек шаарын кабыл алуу, өткөн жана учур чакка канагаттанбоо, тил барьери, шаарда окуу, шаарды кабыл алуусунун айырмачылыктары жана окшоштуктары. Annotation. This article addresses the problem of perception of the urban environment by students from the city and countryside. The definitions of the terms “environment”, “spatial environment”, and “urban environment” are indicated. An experimental comparative study of the characteristics of the perception of the city of Bishkek by urban and rural students in the amount of 50 people was conducted. The article contains the results of the analysis of the study. The differences and similarities in the perception of the city of Bishkek among students of the two groups are revealed. In the context of the perception of the city, dissatisfaction with the past and the present has been studied, and the difficulties of the language barrier among students from rural areas. It was also revealed that the need for social contacts, communication, inclusion in society is relevant for students of both groups. The results will have the benefit of conducting educational work with students from rural areas, in providing support to them during the adaptation period, taking into account the peculiarities of the perception of the city by students. Кeywords. Environment, urban environment, space perception, urban students, rural students, perception of the city of Bishkek, dissatisfaction with the past and the present, language barrier, studying in the city, similarities and differences in the perception of the city.

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