Harsh sanctions on Mali may be bargaining position

Headline MALI: Harsh sanctions may be bargaining position

Analisis Struktur Pasar Sayuran di Desa Kanreapia Kecamatan Tinggimoncong Kabupaten Gowa Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan

Potensi tanaman hortikultura khususnya sayuran yang ada di Kecamatan Tinggimoncong cukup besar bahkan beberapa jenis sayuran seperti kubis, petsai, wortel, bawang daun dan kentang, selain dipasarkan dalam wilayah kabupaten juga dipasarkan sampai ibukota propinsi bahkan di antar pulaukan ke Kalimantan namun demikian sistem pemasarannya masih bersifat tradisional yang berimplikasi pada pendapatan petani sebagai produsen tidak optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji stuktur pasar, saluran distribusi dan margin pemasaran produk usahatani sayur-sayuran yang berada di Desa Karenapia, Kecamatan Tinggimoncong, Kabupaten Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan. Dilaksanakan pada bulan April hingga Juni 2019, dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Struktur pasar sayuran yang terbentuk di desa Kanreapia mengarah pada pasar oligopsoni. Struktur pasar di tingkat kabupaten/kota, lebih memgarah pada pasar persaingan sempurna dan diferensiasi. petani sebagai produsen tidak memiliki sarana dan perlakuan pascapanen (standarisasi melalui grading), lemahnya informasi tentang pasar sehingga peranan petani dalam memanfaatkan peluang pasar sangat kecil, skala usaha yang relatif kecil dan usaha tani yang tidak didasarkan atas permintaan pasar, menyebabkan posisi tawar petani sangat lemah, hal ini memungkinkan kehadiran pedagang perantara yang kemudian lebih dominan dalam penentuan harga jual di tingkat petani. Bagian yang diterima petani dari harga yang dibayarkan konsumen untuk beberapa jenis sayuran, rata-rata lebih kecil dibandingkan yang diterima oleh pedagang perantara sehingga sistem pemasaran yang terjadi dinilai kurang efisien bagi petani. The potential of horticultural crops, especially vegetables in the District of Tinggimoncong is quite considerable. Some types of vegetables such as cabbage, Chinese cabbage, carrots, leeks and potatoes, besides being marketed in the Regency Area, are also marketed to the provincial capital even inter-island to Kalimantan. The marketing system, however, is still traditional, and that makes the income of the farmers as the producers is not optimal. This study aimed to examine the market structures, distribution channels and marketing margins of the vegetable farming products located in Kanreapia village Tinggimoncong District Gowa Regency South Sulawesi. Using a quantitative descriptive approach, it was carried out from April to June 2019. The results showed that the structure of the vegetable market formed in Kanreapia village led to an oligopsony market. The market structure at the Regency/Municipal level was more likely to lead to a perfect competition and differentiation market. Because the farmers as the producers did not have post-harvest treatment and facilities (standardization through grading), and were weak in terms of market information, the role of the farmers in taking the advantages of market opportunities was very small. The relatively small business scales and non-market-demand farming have caused the farmers’ bargaining position very weak, allowing the presence of intermediary traders who in turn are more dominant in determining the selling prices at the farmer level. For several types of vegetables, the share received by the farmers from the price paid by the consumers is, on average, smaller than that received by the intermediary traders. Hence, the marketing system that occurs is considered less efficient for farmers.

Blockchain-Based Smart Contract: Advancing Digital Consumer Protection and Preventing Private International Law E-Commerce Cases

<em>Blockchain has functioned as a ledger that decentralizes controls with immutable and irreversible character and have the potential to overcome the deficiency of traditional contracts, especially in today’s digital era such as the e-commerce industry. Unfortunately, although famous to be used for blockchain and smart contracts have not been applied widely in Indonesia and there is no regulation that specifically regulates the use of blockchain technology and smart contracts. This article will analyze the application of smart contracts to escalate consumer rights in e-commerce services. This research showed that the self-executory characteristic of smart contracts helps the consumer to have an equal bargaining position with businesses actors in determining the contents of the contract. In response to those curative efforts, the smart contract will be advantageous as a preventive scheme for PIL cases. The self-executory character of the smart contract will prevent many PIL cases which are potentially occurred. The immutable nature of blockchain records will also be helpful for any dispute settlement scheme. This might be led to the tendency that international e-commerce cases should not be litigated or to be set for an arbitration tribunal. Those international e-commerce cases might not require settlement of judicative branch and may be settled at the administrative level. Consequently, this would create a more effective and efficient settlement, both in time and money. Those advantages have made blockchain-based smart contracts will be prospective in Indonesia, in the upcoming future</em>

Supply and Value Chain Models in Cattle Marketing and Its Derivative Products in East Nusa Tenggara Province

In general, the determination of the price of cattle is based on the condition of the cattle's body. This will result in an unsatisfactory transfer of revenue value for farmers, because the bargaining position is still weak. In addition, transactions in the marketing chain of beef products and their by-products have not yet been solidly established, so the obligations and rights of some parties are not guaranteed. The objective was to analyze the role of stakeholders in each supply chain and distribution of value chains as revenue in the marketing transactions of cattle, beef, and derivative products. The study was conducted in West Timor, which has 85.0% of the cattle population in NTT. Four sample districts (Kupang, TTS, TTU and Belu) in 8 sample sub-districts or 16 sample villages were included in the study. Respondents in marketing activities consisted of farmers, village traders, sub-district/district traders, slaughter traders, inter-island traders, by-product/waste traders, as well as beef, cowhide, bone, and fat/blood processing industries. Data collection were conducted by a questionnaire-based interview. The data were analyzed descriptively-quantitatively with a supply chain analysis model. It canbe concluded that (1) Market supply chains include cattle traders (farmers, village traders, sub-district traders, inter-island traders and slaughtering traders), as well as beef traders (fresh beef retailers, frozen beef exporting traders, and processed beef products traders); (2) The ideal model of the value chain in the form of revenue share from marketing of cattle, beef, processed beef products, by-products, and cattle waste has not been fully established in NTT; (3) The ideal model includes five marketing blocks (cattle block, beef block, processed beef block, by-product block, and waste block).

System dynamics modeling on new generation cooperative as an alternative to enhance bargaining position of potato farmers in Bener Meriah district

This study aims to create a New Generation Cooperative (NGC) model in potato supply chain in Bener Meriah District, which is also the subject of research, by applying the system dynamics method to build a dynamic and complex NGC model. This modeling is carried out as an effort to enhance bargaining position at farm level. The result showed that non-formal partnership relationship in potato supply chain is originated from the gap in capital ownership between farmers and intermediary traders, thus giving rise to motivation to control farmers by providing financial loan to farmers. Loan recipient farmers must commit to sell potato only to financial aid traders. This causes the loss of opportunity to sell potato to other parties, which has an impact on the occurrence of pressure on selling price of farmers’s potato. Farmers face asymmetry information, especially regarding the selling price prevailing in the market. On the other hand, formal partnership starts with the industry motivation that is to obtain raw materials, that meet quality requirements on an ongoing basis. In a formal partnership, technology transfer occurs from partners to farmers. Farmers get marketing and price certainty, wider marketing access, and have the opportunity to earn higher profits. Based on the simulation results, data obtained that farmers who are the NGC members get higher revenue, profit, and business efficiency level, than non-partnership farmers.

Unbalanced partnership scheme between community plantation forest and company: study case in West Kotawaringin, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

The changing regulation for community plantation forest (CPF) from social forestry point of view into a business-oriented context has no significant effects on its capital strengthening. Limited capital becomes an obstacle for farmers to develop the CPF area. It encourages the CPF to conduct a partnership scheme with the nearest company in its working area. The objectives of the research are to evaluate the partnership scheme and to make improvements from the evaluation results. The research method used is descriptive analysis and quantitative approach. The results show that many problems have been raised during the partnership implementation as farmers have no bargaining position, the company’s log price is not feasible, and no explanation on how the price is determined. The profit margin of the CPF is the lowest (Rp98,000/ton wood) or 11.8% among the parties involved in the wood plantation businesses. Therefore, the partnership scheme must be improved for better prosperity of CPF farmers through shifting from partnership CPF to self-sufficient CPF. This shifting provides a high bargaining position and better revenue for the CPF farmers.

The impact of community capacity building on forest management at Paru Village Forest, Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatera

The management of Paru Village Forest in Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatera, has not been optimal, resulting in the low economic value of the farm products and relatively weak bargaining position of the farmers. Asian Forest Cooperation Organization (AFoCO), in collaboration with Forest Research and Development Center, facilitated training through technology transfer to increase farmer’s capacity in forest management; post-harvest product processing; and alternative livelihood development in Paru Village Forest located in Sijunjung Protected Forest Management Unit since 2016 until 2020 to overcome the situation. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of facilitation on increasing the community’s capacity in forest management, post-harvest product processing, and alternative livelihood development. Data collection was carried out by interviewing 34 respondents, selected purposively using semi-structured questionnaires. Collected data and information were analyzed descriptively by comparing before and after situations. The results showed that after AFoCO facilitation, the community’s interaction with the forest has increased by 26.47%. The total number of farmers farming in the forest increased by 16.14%. The study also revealed that AFoCO facilitation had created new alternative sources of income having forward and backward linkage, as well as access to network marketing, thereby increasing the product selling price and marketing reach.

The Prospects and Challenges of Economic Liberalization in Reducing Poverty and Inequality in Indonesia

This article discusses whether economic liberalisation policies have succeeded in alleviating poverty and inequality in Indonesia. In addition, this article aims to provide alternative policies to strengthen Indonesia’s bargaining position in international trade forums by shifting the extractive industry to knowledge-based industries and fixing the fragile social protection system when faced with COVID-19. This article is written descriptively and analytically based on various data, such as literature, planning documents, news reports, and other sources. Despite the prospect of economic liberalisation, the findings show Indonesia has three main problems: statistical data that does not reflect reality, overlapping regulations, and weak governance. This article offers several policy recommendations that need improvement based on the “Going for Growth” framework. Keywords: economic liberalisation, poverty alleviation, inequality, social protection, and going for growth Tulisan ini mendiskusikan apakah kebijakan liberalisasi ekonomi berhasil dalam pengentasan kemiskinan dan ketimpangan di Indonesia. Selain itu, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan alternatif kebijakan dalam rangka memperkuat posisi tawar Indonesia dalam forum perdagangan internasional dengan menggeser industri ekstraktif ke industri berbasis pengetahuan, sekaligus membenahi sistem perlindungan sosial yang rapuh ketika dihadapkan pada COVID-19. Tulisan ini ditulis secara deskriptif dan analitis berdasarkan dukungan dari berbagai data, seperti literatur, dokumen perencanaan, laporan berita, dan sumber lainnya. Meskipun terdapat prospek dari liberalisasi ekonomi, temuan menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia memiliki tiga masalah utama: data statistik yang tidak mencerminkan realitas, regulasi yang tumpang tindih, dan lemahnya tata kelola pemerintahan. Tulisan ini menawarkan beberapa rekomendasi kebijakan yang perlu ditingkatkan berdasarkan kerangka berpikir “Going for Growth”. Kata kunci: liberalisasi ekonomi, pengentasan kemiskinan, ketimpangan, perlindungan sosial dan going for growth

P FAKTOR DAN STRATEGI PENANGGULANGAN PENGANGGURAN TERDIDIK DI PROVINSI JAMBI

Pengangguran merupakan masalah utama dalam perekonomian Provinsi Jambi. Pengangguran yang cenderung meningkat dan sulit untuk mengalami penurunan merupakan pengangguran yang persisten. Dampak dari kondisi ini tidak hanya terhadap perekonomian namun menimbulkan permasalahan sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengangguran terdidik serta memberikan sejumlah rekomendasi kebijakan tentang penanggulangan pengangguran terdidik di Provinsi Jambi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan regresi data panel dan analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa selama periode analisis pengangguran terdidik di Provinsi Jambi secara umum bersifat persisten artinya memiliki kecenderungan untuk dapat kembali ke tingkat pengangguran alami hanya (mean reversion) walaupun dengan intensitas yang sangat lambat. Tingginya kelompok pengangguran berpendidikan tinggi mencerminkan adanya mismatch, hal ini disebabkan keterampilan tenaga kerja belum memenuhi spesifikasi yang dibutuhkan oleh dunia usaha dan industri. Faktor lain tingginya penyebab pengangguran terdidik karena tenaga kerja itu sendiri cenderung memilih pekerjaan karena memiliki bargaining position yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu dari hasil penelitian ini dapat direkomendasikan sebagai berikut paradigma angkatan kerja hendaknya digeser dari mencari pekerjaan kearah penciptaan lapangan kerja melalui penciptaan wirausaha baru dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya lokal unggulan yang ada di Provinsi Jambi, Membangun kerjasama yang solid antara stackholder terkait, baik pemerintah, dunia usaha/dunia industri dan perguruan tinggi melalui forum komunikasi ketenagakerjaan dalam upaya menekan pengangguran terdidik di Provinsi Jambi, memberikan kesempatan magang di dunia usaha dan dunia industri yang lebih aplikatif dan memfasilitasi kemudahan akses permodalan usaha melalui program kredit tanpa agunan dengan persyaratan administrasi yang mudah

Legal Protection of Contract Workers in the Work Agreement in Jayagiri Hotel

The development of the tourism industry in Bali causes the high competitiveness of classy hotels such as the Jayagiri Hotel and has an impact on the income aspect of the hotel business, in this case the company's income and leads to legal protection of the rights and obligations given to its workers. This study aims to examine the contractual relationship between contract workers in a work agreement at Jayagiri Hotel and to examine the legal protection can be given for contracts made by the parties and obstacles are experienced by workers in obtaining their rights and obligations. The method used in this study is normative and empirical research method. The results of this study showed that the employment agreement between contract workers and the Hotel has not yet provided a good working relationship so that the application of Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Employment has not been accommodated. This is due to the entry into force of the standard contract agreement in Jayagiri Hotel which has not provided a balanced position in the same position between workers and employers. Employers as employers always have a higher bargaining position than workers, so the formulation of work agreements in Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Employment has not been properly accommodated to protect workers' rights and cannot yet prosper workers in accordance with the mandate of the Act.