Behavioral strategies of automated vehicles in critical right of way situations on intersections

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Stoff ◽  
Hermann Winner
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Safety Function ◽  
Potential Safety ◽  
Avoidance Strategies ◽  
The Right

AbstractThis paper analyzes and evaluates alternative options for action and earliest possible dates for intervention for an automated safety function to avoid or mitigate collisions in priority situations in which the right of way regulations are violated by the crossing road users. Based on a simulation of the collision avoidance strategies, the potential safety benefits could be predicted.

scholarly journals Cyclists’ Crossing Intentions When Interacting with Automated Vehicles: A Virtual Reality Study

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Nuñez Velasco ◽  
Anouk de Vries ◽  
Haneen Farah ◽  
Bart van Arem ◽  
Marjan P. Hagenzieker
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Conventional Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Type ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
The Right

Most of cyclists’ fatalities originate from collisions with motorized vehicles. It is expected that automated vehicles (AV) will be safer than human-driven vehicles, but this depends on the nature of interactions between non-automated road users, among them cyclists. Little research on the interactions between cyclists and AVs exists. This study aims to determine the main factors influencing cyclists’ crossing intentions when interacting with an automated vehicle as compared to a conventional vehicle (CV) using a 360° video-based virtual reality (VR) method. The considered factors in this study included vehicle type, gap size between cyclist and vehicle, vehicle speed, and right of way. Each factor had two levels. In addition, cyclist’s self-reported behavior and trust in automated vehicles were also measured. Forty-seven participants experienced 16 different crossing scenarios in a repeated measures study using VR. These scenarios are the result of combinations of the studied factors at different levels. In total, the experiment lasted 60 min. The results show that the gap size and the right of way were the primary factors affecting the crossing intentions of the individuals. The vehicle type and vehicle speed did not have a significant effect on the crossing intentions. Finally, the 360° video-based VR method scored relatively high as a research method and comparable with the results of a previous study investigating pedestrians’ crossing intentions confirming its suitability as a research methodology to study cyclists’ crossing intentions.

ANALYSIS OF REGULATIONS REGARDING THE SETTLEMENT OF ISSUES ON THE REMOVAL AND RECOVERY OF PLANTATIONS IN THE RIGHT-OF-WAY OF PUBLIC ROADS

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Nataliia Kharytonova ◽  
Olha Mykolaienko ◽  
Tetyana Lozova
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Visual Orientation ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Overhead Power Lines ◽  
The Right ◽  
Neck Diameter ◽  
Proper Operation

Greening of roads contributes to the protection of roads and their elements from influence of adverse weather and climatic factors; it includes the measures for improvement and landscaping of roads, ensures the protection of roadside areas from transport pollution, provides visual orientation of drivers. The solution of these issues will ensure creation and maintenance of safe and comfortable conditions for travelers. Green plantings in the right-of-way road area include woody, bushy, flower and grass vegetation of natural and artificial origin. For proper operation of public roads and satisfaction of other needs of the industry, there may be the need in removing the greenery. The reason for the removal of greenery in the right-of-way road area may be due to the following factors: construction of the architectural object, widening of the motor road, repair works in the security zone of overhead power lines, water supply, drainage, heating, telecommunications facilities, cutting of hazardous, dry and fautal trees, as well as self-grown and brushwood trees with a root neck diameter not exceeding 5 cm, elimination of the consequences of natural disasters and emergencies. The removal of plantations in the right-of-way area is executed in order to ensure traffic safety conditions and to improve the quality of plantations composition and their protective properties. Nowadays, in Ukraine there is no clear procedure for issuing permits for removing of such plantations. In order to resolve this issue, there is a need in determining the list of regulations in the area of forest resources of Ukraine and, if needed, the list of regulatory acts that have to be improved; to prepare a draft of the regulatory legal act that would establish the procedure of plantations cutting, the methodology of their condition determination, recovery costs determination, the features of cutting. Keywords: plantations, cutting, right-of-way, woodcutting permit, order.

Yielding the Right of Way: An Informal Look

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-222
Author(s):  
John Trinkaus
Keyword(s):  
Right Of Way ◽  
The Right

Evaluating and Improving Locomotive Crashworthiness Using LS-DYNA

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Kokkins ◽  
S. Kash Kasturi ◽  
Wayne Kong ◽  
S. K. John Punwani
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Structural Behavior ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Dynamic Finite Element ◽  
Rail Vehicles ◽  
Linear Material ◽  
The Right ◽  
Modeling Code

Abstract Representative structural models of locomotives, other rail vehicles, and other potential colliding objects were combined into moving consists which were then subjected to various collision scenarios. The LS-DYNA dynamic finite-element modeling code was utilized to realistically simulate collisions and guide understanding and improvements of the locomotive structures. This incorporated the effects of the collision interactions, plus critical non-linear material and structural behavior, buckling, fracture, kinematics, and wayside interactions of the vehicles. The types of collisions included: locomotive-headed consists striking standing consists obliquely fouling the Right Of Way, headed both by freight cars and other locomotives; locomotives striking loose, loaded intermodal containers dislodged from opposing cars on adjacent track. Work on multiple coupled locomotive overrides in direct consist collisions is now being conducted. The effects of varying parameters such as collision speeds, location and orientation of the colliding vehicles, and structural improvements were explored and quantified. Also, the effects of some structural design modifications such as stronger collision posts and cab structure were evaluated using this process. Verification studies to date have shown good correlation between the analytical simulations and observed outcome of actual historical accidents.

scholarly journals Possibilities of Spatial Data to Determine the Extent of the Occupancy of the Right-of-Way by Large-Format Advertisements

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bieda ◽  
Anita Kwartnik-Pruc ◽  
Edyta Puniach
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Common Element ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Large Format ◽  
The Road ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
The Right ◽  
Real Estate Management

Abstract Large-format advertisements are becoming a more and more common element of building facades, especially in city centers. Placing an object of this type is not without significance to the real property management. A large-format advertising billboard on the facade, on the one hand, is associated with the possibility of renting advertising space, on the other - it can lead to the occupancy of a right-of-way, which results in a necessity to pay appropriate fees, in the amount regulated by the Act on Public Roads. Placing an object such as a large-format advertising billboard in a right-of-way requires a permit of the manager of this road. However, if a billboard is located on the facade of a building, occupancy of the right-of-way is not always the case. If the boundary of the road parcel runs along the contour of the building, a billboard placed on the elevation will always occupy the right-of-way. However, property boundaries often run at a distance from the building. Such situations - desired by managers - result in a noticeable increase in demand for surveying opinions to determine what part of the right-of-way is occupied by a large-format advertisement. This article analyzes the cases of the right-of-way being occupied by large-format advertising placed on the facades of buildings in the city center. For selected objects, information was obtained from public records, National Cartographic Documentation Center database, and direct surveying was performed with various techniques. This allowed for an objective assessment of the possible use of available surveying methods and the acquired spatial data to determine the right-of-way occupied by large-format advertisements for purposes of real estate management.

More Field Ecology: Rightofway Island

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ehrenfeld
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Small Game ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Railroad Tracks ◽  
The Right

On all but one of the field trips in my Field Ecology course, I take my students to the sorts of places that they have been to before: the beach, the pinelands, the Highlands forest, farms, old fields, streams, salt marshes, suburbs. But on the third trip, after the ones to the campus and to the experimental plots at Hutcheson Forest, we go to a place that is, for all its superficial familiarity, altogether different and exotic. This trip is to America’s deserted empire, what the person who knew it best, ecologist Frank Egler, described as the Right of way Domain. Right-of-way land comprises at least fifty to seventy-five million acres in the United States, an area larger than New England. It is disposed as long strips of property along railroad tracks, roads, and canals; under power lines; and above buried pipelines. Many of these rights-of-way, even those in heavily populated areas, are scarcely ever visited by people—they are cut off from human presence by fences, no-trespassing signs, patrolling police, dense vegetation, and a scarcity of reasons to set foot in them. True, some abandoned rights-of-way have been put to use. The tow-path and adjacent land along the old Delaware–Raritan Canal, which winds its way for many miles through central New Jersey, has become a very long, very narrow, very popular state park. Indeed, this is the park that has helped protect the forest along the Millstone River, which I de-scribed earlier. Hunters love the rights-of-way under power lines, which attract deer and small game. And disused railroad lines have been turned into foot and bike trails in several parts of the country. But many rights-of-way, totaling a huge amount of land, go for months or years without feeling a human step or hearing a human voice. These places are them-selves neither urban nor suburban nor rural; neither settled nor wilder-ness. They are a quintessential part of what author James Howard Kunstler has called “the geography of nowhere.” In my right-of-way trip we start with a boggy strip of land above a transcontinental gas pipeline.

scholarly journals The impact of power lines on phytocenoses of the regional reserve “Uporovsky”, Tyumen Region, Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 07030
Author(s):  
Elena Popova
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Power Line ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Synanthropization Index ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The article reflects the results of anthropogenic impact on phytocenoses of the territory of the Uporovsky regional nature reserve (Uporovsky district, Tyumen region, Russia). On the territory of the Uporovsky regional nature reserve (Uporovsky district, Tyumen region) there is a 110 kV electrical power transmission line (power line) which has the length of 8 kilometers and the right-of-way width of about 30 meters. This power line is undoubtedly the main source of anthropogenic electromagnetic radiation in this area. The degree of participation of individual species in the herbage was determined by taking into account their relative abundance. When exposed to the power lines in the right-of-way area, flora biodiversity decreases due to the loss of a number of species. The effect of electromagnetic fields causes transformation of the vegetation cover, synanthropization and the subsequent complete destruction of natural vegetation. To determine the degree of anthropogenic load on the studied phytocenoses, the synanthropization index is determined. In the synanthropic fraction of the flora, 30 species belonging to 12 families were identified. The synanthropization index of the studied phytocenoses ranges from 6.6% to 81.2%. The largest number of synanthropic species is observed in the anthropogenic area.

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