B lymphocytes taken to task: a role for a background conductance K2P K+ channel in B cells. Focus on “Expression of TASK-2 and its upregulation by B cell receptor stimulation in WEHI-231 mouse immature B cells”

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (5) ◽  
pp. C976-C978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Flores ◽  
L. Pablo Cid ◽  
María Isabel Niemeyer ◽  
Francisco V. Sepúlveda
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
B Cell Receptor ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Receptor Stimulation ◽  
Wehi 231 ◽  
Immature B Cells

Expression of TASK-2 and its upregulation by B cell receptor stimulation in WEHI-231 mouse immature B cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (5) ◽  
pp. C1013-C1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo Hyun Nam ◽  
Dong Hoon Shin ◽  
Haifeng Zheng ◽  
Dong-Sup Lee ◽  
Su Jung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Wehi 231 ◽  
Immature B Cells ◽  
Interfering Rna ◽  
First Time ◽  
Molecular Nature

Stimulation of B cell receptors (BCR ligation) induces apoptosis of immature B cells, which is critical to the elimination of self-reactive clones. In the mouse immature B cell line WEHI-231, the authors previously reported two types of background K+ channels with large (∼300 pS, LKbg) and medium (∼100 pS, MKbg) conductance in divalent cation-free conditions. While the authors have recently identified LKbg as TREK-2, the molecular nature of MKbg is unknown yet. In the present study, the authors found that BCR ligation markedly increased the background K+ conductance of WEHI-231. A single-channel study revealed that MKbg activity is increased by BCR ligation and that the biophysical properties (unitary conductance and pH sensitivity) of MKbg are consistent with those of TWIK-related acid-sensitive K+ channel 2 (TASK-2). The expression of TASK-2 and its upregulation by BCR ligation were confirmed by RT-PCR and immunoblot assays in WEHI-231. The BCR ligation-induced increase of K+ current was prevented by calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine A or FK506), and also by TASK-2-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection (si-TASK-2). Furthermore, si-TASK-2 attenuated the apoptosis of WEHI-231 caused by BCR ligation. TASK-2 activity and its mRNA were also confirmed in the primary splenic B cells of mouse. Summarizing, the authors report for the first time the expression of TASK-2 in B cells and surmise that the upregulation of TASK-2 by BCR ligation is associated with the apoptosis of immature B cells.

scholarly journals B Lymphocyte Chemotaxis Regulated in Association with Microanatomic Localization, Differentiation State, and B Cell Receptor Engagement

1998 ◽  
Vol 187 (5) ◽  
pp. 753-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conrad C. Bleul ◽  
Joachim L. Schultze ◽  
Timothy A. Springer
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Somatic Hypermutation ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
B Cell Receptor ◽  
Cxc Chemokine

Migration of mature B lymphocytes within secondary lymphoid organs and recirculation between these sites are thought to allow B cells to obtain T cell help, to undergo somatic hypermutation, to differentiate into effector cells, and to home to sites of antibody production. The mechanisms that direct migration of B lymphocytes are unknown, but there is evidence that G protein–coupled receptors, and possibly chemokine receptors, may be involved. Stromal cell– derived factor (SDF)-1α is a CXC chemokine previously characterized as an efficacious chemoattractant for T lymphocytes and monocytes in peripheral blood. Here we show with purified tonsillar B cells that SDF-1α also attracts naive and memory, but not germinal center (GC) B lymphocytes. Furthermore, GC B cells could be converted to respond to SDF-1α by in vitro differentiation into memory B lymphocytes. Conversely, the migratory response in naive and memory B cells was significantly reduced after B cell receptor engagement and CD40 signaling. The receptor for SDF-1, CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), was found to be expressed on responsive as well as unresponsive B cell subsets, but was more rapidly downregulated on responsive cells by ligand. Finally, messenger RNA for SDF-1 was detected by in situ hybridization in a layer of cells surrounding the GC. These findings show that responsiveness to the chemoattractant SDF-1α is regulated during B lymphocyte activation, and correlates with positioning of B lymphocytes within a secondary lymphoid organ.

scholarly journals RasGRP1 Sensitizes an Immature B Cell Line to Antigen Receptor-induced Apoptosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 279 (19) ◽  
pp. 19523-19530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Guilbault ◽  
Robert J. Kay
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
B Cell Receptor ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Dominant Negative Mutant ◽  
Wehi 231 ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

RasGRP1 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that activates Ras GTPases and is activated downstream of antigen receptors on both T and B lymphocytes. Ras-GRP1 provides signals to immature T cells that confer survival and proliferation, but RasGRP1 also promotes T cell receptor-mediated deletion of mature T cells. We used the WEHI-231 cell line as an experimental system to determine whether RasGRP1 can serve as a quantitative modifier of B cell receptor-induced deletion of immature B cells. A 2-fold elevation in RasGRP1 expression markedly increased apoptosis of WEHI-231 cells following B cell receptor ligation, whereas a dominant negative mutant of RasGRP1 suppressed B cell receptor-induced apoptosis. Activation of ERK1 or ERK2 kinases was not required for RasGRP1-mediated apoptosis. Instead, elevated RasGRP1 expression caused down-regulation of NF-κB and Bcl-xL, which provide survival signals counter-acting apoptosis induction by B cell receptor. Inhibition of NF-κB was sufficient to enhance B cell receptor-induced apoptosis of WEHI-231 cells, and ligation of co-stimulatory receptors that activate NF-κB suppressed the ability of RasGRP1 to promote B cell receptor-induced apoptosis. These experiments define a novel apoptosis-promoting pathway leading from B cell receptor to the inhibition of NF-κB and demonstrate that differential expression of RasGRP1 has the potential to modulate the sensitivities of B cells to negative selection following antigen encounter.

scholarly journals CTCF functions as a critical regulator of cell-cycle arrest and death after ligation of the B cell receptor on immature B cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-F. Qi ◽  
A. Martensson ◽  
M. Mattioli ◽  
R. Dalla-Favera ◽  
V. V. Lobanenkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
B Cell Receptor ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Immature B Cells

scholarly journals Regulation of VH Replacement by B Cell Receptor–Mediated Signaling in Human Immature B Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 190 (11) ◽  
pp. 5559-5566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Miles D. Lange ◽  
Sang Yong Hong ◽  
Wanqin Xie ◽  
Kerui Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
B Cell Receptor ◽  
Vh Replacement ◽  
Immature B Cells

scholarly journals Foxo3 Promotes Apoptosis of B Cell Receptor–Stimulated Immature B Cells, Thus Limiting the Window for Receptor Editing

2018 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 940-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Ottens ◽  
Rochelle M. Hinman ◽  
Evan Barrios ◽  
Brian Skaug ◽  
Laurie S. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
B Cell Receptor ◽  
Receptor Editing ◽  
Immature B Cells

scholarly journals Murine γ-Herpesvirus 68 Latency Protein M2 Binds to Vav Signaling Proteins and Inhibits B-cell Receptor-induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in WEHI-231 B Cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 280 (45) ◽  
pp. 37310-37318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia A. Madureira ◽  
Paulo Matos ◽  
Inês Soeiro ◽  
Linda K. Dixon ◽  
J. Pedro Simas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
B Cell Receptor ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Wehi 231
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