Effects of prior heavy-intensity exercise on pulmonary O2 uptake and muscle deoxygenation kinetics in young and older adult humans

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 998-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren S. DeLorey ◽  
John M. Kowalchuk ◽  
Donald H. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Muscle Deoxygenation ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Young Subjects

Pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇o2p) and muscle deoxygenation kinetics were examined during moderate-intensity cycling (80% lactate threshold) without warm-up and after heavy-intensity warm-up exercise in young ( n = 6; 25 ± 3 yr) and older ( n = 5; 68 ± 3 yr) adults. We hypothesized that heavy warm-up would speed V̇o2p kinetics in older adults consequent to an improved intramuscular oxygenation. Subjects performed step transitions ( n = 4; 6 min) from 20 W to moderate-intensity exercise preceded by either no warm-up or heavy-intensity warm-up (6 min). V̇o2p was measured breath by breath. Oxy-, deoxy-(HHb), and total hemoglobin and myoglobin (Hbtot) of the vastus lateralis muscle were measured continuously by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). V̇o2p (phase 2; τ) and HHb data were fit with a monoexponential model. After heavy-intensity warm-up, oxyhemoglobin (older subjects: 13 ± 9 μM; young subjects: 9 ± 8 μM) and Hbtot (older subjects: 12 ± 8 μM; young subjects: 14 ± 10 μM) were elevated ( P < 0.05) relative to the no warm-up pretransition baseline. In older adults, τV̇o2p adapted at a faster rate ( P < 0.05) after heavy warm-up (30 ± 7 s) than no warm-up (38 ± 5 s), whereas in young subjects, τV̇o2p was similar in no warm-up (26 ± 7 s) and heavy warm-up (25 ± 5 s). HHb adapted at a similar rate in older and young adults after no warm-up; however, in older adults after heavy warm-up, the adaptation of HHb was slower ( P < 0.01) compared with young and no warm-up. These data suggest that, in older adults, V̇o2p kinetics may be limited by a slow adaptation of muscle blood flow and O2 delivery.

Effect of age on O2 uptake kinetics and the adaptation of muscle deoxygenation at the onset of moderate-intensity cycling exercise

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren S. DeLorey ◽  
John M. Kowalchuk ◽  
Donald H. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Muscle Deoxygenation

Phase 2 pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇o2p) kinetics are slowed with aging. To examine the effect of aging on the adaptation of V̇o2p and deoxygenation of the vastus lateralis muscle at the onset of moderate-intensity constant-load cycling exercise, young (Y) ( n = 6; 25 ± 3 yr) and older (O) ( n = 6; 68 ± 3 yr) adults performed repeated transitions from 20 W to work rates corresponding to moderate-intensity (80% estimated lactate threshold) exercise. Breath-by-breath V̇o2p was measured by mass spectrometer and volume turbine. Deoxy (HHb)-, oxy-, and total Hb and/or myoglobin were determined by near-infrared spectroscopy (Hamamatsu NIRO-300). V̇o2p data were filtered, interpolated to 1 s, and averaged to 5-s bins. HHb data were filtered and averaged to 5-s bins. V̇o2p data were fit with a monoexponential model for phase 2, and HHb data were analyzed to determine the time delay from exercise onset to the start of an increase in HHb and thereafter were fit with a single-component exponential model. The phase 2 time constant for V̇o2p was slower ( P < 0.01) in O (Y: 26 ± 7 s; O: 42 ± 9 s), whereas the delay before an increase in HHb (Y: 12 ± 2 s; O: 11 ± 1 s) and the time constant for HHb after the time delay (Y: 13 ± 10 s; O: 9 ± 3 s) were similar in Y and O. However, the increase in HHb for a given increase in V̇o2p (Y: 7 ± 2 μM·l−1·min−1; O: 13 ± 4 μM·l−1·min−1) was greater ( P < 0.01) in O compared with Y. The slower V̇o2p kinetics in O compared with Y adults was accompanied by a slower increase of local muscle blood flow and O2 delivery discerned from a faster and greater muscle deoxygenation relative to V̇o2p in O.

Time-course of V̇O2 kinetics responses during moderate-intensity exercise subsequent to HIIT vs moderate-intensity continuous training in type 2 diabetes.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norita Gildea ◽  
Adam McDermott ◽  
Joel Rocha ◽  
Donal O'Shea ◽  
Simon Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Muscle Deoxygenation

We assessed the time course of changes in oxygen uptake (V̇O2) and muscle deoxygenation (i.e., deoxygenated haemoglobin and myoglobin, [HHb+Mb]) kinetics during transitions to moderate-intensity cycling following 12-weeks of low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) vs. moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Participants were randomly assigned to MICT (n=10, 50 min of moderate-intensity cycling), HIIT (n=9, 10x1 min at ~90% maximal heart rate) or non-exercising control (n=9) groups. Exercising groups trained 3 times per week and measurements were taken every 3 weeks. [HHb+Mb] kinetics were measured by near-infrared spectroscopy at the vastus lateralis muscle. The local matching of O2 delivery to O2 utilization was assessed by the Δ[HHb+Mb]/ΔV̇O2ratio. The pretraining time constant of the primary phase of V̇O2 (τV̇O2p ) decreased (P<0.05) at wk 3 of training in both MICT (from 44±12 to 32±5 s) and HIIT (from 42±8 to 32 ± 4 s) with no further changes thereafter; while no changes were reported in controls. The pretraining overall dynamic response of muscle deoxygenation (τ'[HHb+Mb]) was faster than τV̇O2p in all groups, resulting in Δ[HHb+Mb]/V̇O2p showing a transient "overshoot" relative to the subsequent steady-state level. After 3 wks, the Δ[HHb+Mb]/V̇O2p overshoot was eliminated only in the training groups, so that τ'[HHb+Mb] was not different to τV̇O2p in MICT and HIIT. The enhanced V̇O2 kinetics response consequent to both MICT and HIIT in T2D was likely attributed to a training-induced improvement in matching of O2 delivery to utilization.

Effect of pedal cadence on the heterogeneity of muscle deoxygenation during moderate exercise

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1206-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houssem Zorgati ◽  
Katia Collomp ◽  
Virgile Amiot ◽  
Fabrice Prieur
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Relative Dispersion ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Muscle Deoxygenation ◽  
Exercise Muscle ◽  
Gas Exchange Threshold

This study examined the effect of pedal cadence on the heterogeneity of muscle deoxygenation during exercise of moderate intensity. Twelve healthy subjects performed 6 min of cycling at 40 and 100 r·min–1 at 80% of the workload corresponding to the gas exchange threshold. Gas exchanges were measured breath by breath during each exercise. Muscle deoxygenation (HHb, i.e., O2 extraction) was monitored continuously by near-infrared spectroscopy at eight sites on the vastus lateralis. The heterogeneity of HHb was assessed using the relative dispersion of the signal measured at the eight sites (i.e., 100 × standard deviation / mean). HHb was not altered by the pedal cadence, whereas pulmonary V̇O2 was higher at 100 r·min–1 than at 40 r·min–1 (p < 0.001). The relative dispersion of HHb was significantly higher at 100 r·min–1 than at 40 r·min–1 (p < 0.001). These results indicate that pedal cadence has no effect on O2 extraction but that an elevated cadence would increase muscle V̇O2, suggesting an increase in muscle blood flow. Elevated cadence also induced greater heterogeneity of the muscle’s V̇O2/Q̇O2 delivery ratio, suggesting a change in the adequacy between O2 demand and O2 delivery in some regions of active muscle.

Relationship between pulmonary O2 uptake kinetics and muscle deoxygenation during moderate-intensity exercise

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren S. DeLorey ◽  
John M. Kowalchuk ◽  
Donald H. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Muscle Deoxygenation ◽  
Monoexponential Model ◽  
Kinetics Of

The temporal relationship between the kinetics of phase 2 pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇o2p) and deoxygenation of the vastus lateralis muscle was examined during moderate-intensity leg-cycling exercise. Young adults (5 men, 6 women; 23 ± 3 yr; mean ± SD) performed repeated transitions on 3 separate days from 20 W to a constant work rate corresponding to 80% of lactate threshold. Breath-by-breath V̇o2p was measured by mass spectrometer and volume turbine. Deoxyhemoglobin (HHb), oxyhemoglobin, and total hemoglobin and myoglobin were sampled each second by near-infrared spectroscopy (Hamamatsu NIRO-300). V̇o2p data were filtered, interpolated to 1 s, and averaged to 5-s bins; HHb data were averaged to 5-s bins. Phase 2 V̇o2p data were fit with a monoexponential model. For HHb, a time delay (TDHHb) from exercise onset to an increase in HHb was determined, and thereafter data were fit with a monoexponential model. The time constant for V̇o2p (30 ± 8 s) was slower ( P < 0.01) than that for HHb (10 ± 3 s). The TDHHb before an increase in HHb was 13 ± 2 s. The possible mechanisms of the TDHHb are discussed with reference to metabolic activation and matching of local muscle O2 delivery and O2 utilization. After this initial TDHHb, the kinetics of local muscle deoxygenation were faster than those of phase 2 V̇o2p (and presumably muscle O2 consumption), reflecting increased O2 extraction and a mismatch between local muscle O2 consumption and perfusion.

scholarly journals Adjustments of pulmonary O2 uptake and muscle deoxygenation during ramp incremental exercise and constant-load moderate-intensity exercise in young and older adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 1466-1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braden M. R. Gravelle ◽  
Juan M. Murias ◽  
Matthew D. Spencer ◽  
Donald H. Paterson ◽  
John M. Kowalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Sigmoid Function ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Muscle Deoxygenation ◽  
Age Related

The matching of muscle O2 delivery to O2 utilization can be inferred from the adjustments in muscle deoxygenation (Δ[HHb]) and pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇o2p). This study examined the adjustments of V̇o2p and Δ[HHb] during ramp incremental (RI) and constant-load (CL) exercise in adult males. Ten young adults (YA; age: 25 ± 5 yr) and nine older adults (OA; age: 70 ± 3 yr) completed two RI tests and six CL step transitions to a work rate (WR) corresponding to 1) 80% of the estimated lactate threshold (same relative WR) and 2) 50 W (same absolute WR). V̇o2p was measured breath by breath, and Δ[HHb] of the vastus lateralis was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy. Δ[HHb]-WR profiles were normalized from baseline (0%) to peak Δ[HHb] (100%) and fit using a sigmoid function. The sigmoid slope ( d) was greater ( P < 0.05) in OA (0.027 ± 0.01%/W) compared with YA (0.017 ± 0.01%/W), and the c/ d value (a value corresponding to 50% of the amplitude) was smaller ( P < 0.05) for OA (133 ± 40 W) than for YA (195 ± 51 W). No age-related differences in the sigmoid parameters were reported when WR was expressed as a percentage of peak WR. V̇o2p kinetics compared with Δ[HHb] kinetics for the 50-W transition were similar between YA and OA; however, Δ[HHb] kinetics during the transition to 80% of the lactate threshold were faster than V̇o2p kinetics in both groups. The greater reliance on O2 extraction displayed in OA during RI exercise suggests a lower O2 delivery-to-O2 utilization relationship at a given absolute WR compared with YA.

Effects of acute hypoxia on the oxygen uptake kinetics of older adults during cycling exercise

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livio Zerbini ◽  
Alfredo Brighenti ◽  
Barbara Pellegrini ◽  
Lorenzo Bortolan ◽  
Tommaso Antonetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Kinetics ◽  
Uptake Kinetics ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Square Wave

Pulmonary oxygen uptake, heart rate (HR), and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) kinetics were studied in a group of older adults exercising in hypoxic conditions. Fourteen healthy older adults (aged 66 ± 6 years) performed 4 exercise sessions that consisted of (i) an incremental test to exhaustion on a cycloergometer while breathing normoxic room air (fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) = 20.9% O2); (ii) an incremental test to exhaustion on a cycloergometer while breathing hypoxic room air (FiO2 = 15% O2); (iii) 3 repeated square wave cycling exercises at moderate intensity while breathing normoxic room air; and (iv) 3 repeated square wave cycling exercises at moderate intensity while breathing hypoxic room air. During all exercise sessions, pulmonary gas exchange was measured breath-by-breath; HHb was determined on the vastus lateralis muscle by near-infrared spectroscopy; and HR was collected beat-by-beat. The pulomary oxygen uptake kinetics became slower in hypoxia (31 ± 9 s) than in normoxia (27 ± 7 s) because of an increased mismatching between O2 delivery to O2 utilization at the level of the muscle. The HR and HHb kinetics did not change between hypoxia and normoxia,

Adaptation of pulmonary O2 uptake kinetics and muscle deoxygenation at the onset of heavy-intensity exercise in young and older adults

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1697-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren S. DeLorey ◽  
John M. Kowalchuk ◽  
Donald H. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Muscle Deoxygenation ◽  
Exercise Onset ◽  
Concentration Changes

The purpose was to examine the adaptation of pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇o2p) and deoxygenation of the vastus lateralis muscle at the onset of heavy-intensity, constant-load cycling exercise in young (Y; 24 ± 4 yr; mean ± SD; n = 5) and older (O; 68 ± 3 yr; n = 6) adults. Subjects performed repeated transitions on 4 separate days from 20 W to a work rate corresponding to heavy-intensity exercise. V̇o2p was measured breath by breath. The concentration changes in oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin (HHb), and total hemoglobin/myoglobin were determined by near-infrared spectroscopy (Hamamatsu NIRO-300). V̇o2p data were filtered, interpolated to 1 s, and averaged to 5-s bins. HHb-near-infrared spectroscopy data were filtered and averaged to 5-s bins. A monoexponential model was used to fit V̇o2p [phase 2, time constant (τ) of V̇o2p] and HHb [following the time delay (TD) from exercise onset to the start of an increase in HHb] data. The τV̇o2p was slower ( P < 0.001) in O (49 ± 8 s) than Y (29 ± 4 s). The HHb TD was similar in O (8 ± 3 s) and Y (7 ± 1 s); however, the τ HHb following TD was faster ( P < 0.05) in O (8 ± 2 s) than Y (14 ± 2 s). The slower V̇o2p kinetics and faster muscle deoxygenation in O compared with Y during heavy-intensity exercise imply that the kinetics of muscle perfusion are slowed relatively more than those of V̇o2p in O. This suggests that the slowed V̇o2p kinetics in O may be a consequence of a slower adaptation of local muscle blood flow relative to that in Y.

Prior heavy exercise elevates pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and muscle oxygenation and speeds O2 uptake kinetics during moderate exercise in older adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (3) ◽  
pp. R877-R884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendon J. Gurd ◽  
Sandra J. Peters ◽  
George J. F. Heigenhauser ◽  
Paul J. LeBlanc ◽  
Timothy J. Doherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Muscle Deoxygenation ◽  
Exercise Activity

The adaptation of pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇o2p) kinetics during the transition to moderate-intensity exercise is slowed in older compared with younger adults; however, this response is faster following a prior bout of heavy-intensity exercise. We have examined V̇o2p kinetics, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activation, muscle metabolite contents, and muscle deoxygenation in older adults [ n = 6; 70 ± 5 (67–74) yr] during moderate-intensity exercise (Mod1) and during moderate-intensity exercise preceded by heavy-intensity warm-up exercise (Mod2). The phase 2 V̇o2p time constant (τV̇o2p) was reduced ( P < 0.05) in Mod2 (29 ± 5 s) compared with Mod1 (39 ± 14 s). PDH activity was elevated ( P < 0.05) at baseline prior to Mod2 (2.1 ± 0.6 vs. 1.2 ± 0.3 mmol acetyl-CoA·min−1·kg wet wt−1), and the delay in attaining end-exercise activity was abolished. Phosphocreatine breakdown during exercise was reduced ( P < 0.05) at both 30 s and 6 min in Mod2 compared with Mod1. Near-infrared spectroscopy-derived indices of muscle oxygenation were elevated both prior to and throughout Mod2, while muscle deoxygenation kinetics were not different between exercise bouts consistent with elevated perfusion and O2 availability. These results suggest that in older adults, faster V̇o2p kinetics following prior heavy-intensity exercise are likely a result of prior activation of mitochondrial enzyme activity in combination with elevated muscle perfusion and O2 availability.

scholarly journals Comparison of femoral blood gases and muscle near-infrared spectroscopy at exercise onset in humans

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen J. MacDonald ◽  
Mark A. Tarnopolsky ◽  
Howard J. Green ◽  
Richard L. Hughson
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Exercise Onset

We hypothesized that near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measures of hemoglobin and/or myoglobin O2 saturation (IR-So 2) in the vascular bed of exercising muscle would parallel changes in femoral venous O2 saturation (S[Formula: see text]) at the onset of leg-kicking exercise in humans. Six healthy subjects performed transitions from rest to 48 ± 3 (SE)-W two-legged kicking exercise while breathing 14, 21, or 70% inspired O2. IR-So 2 was measured over the vastus lateralis muscle continuously during all tests, and femoral venous and radial artery blood samples were drawn simultaneously during rest and during 5 min of exercise. In all gas-breathing conditions, there was a rapid decrease in both IR-So 2 and SfvO2 at the onset of moderate-intensity leg-kicking exercise. Although SfvO2 remained at low levels throughout exercise, IR-So 2increased significantly after the first minute of exercise in both normoxia and hyperoxia. Contrary to the hypothesis, these data show that NIRS does not provide a reliable estimate of hemoglobin and/or O2 saturation as reflected by direct femoral vein sampling.

Oxygen uptake kinetics for moderate exercise are speeded in older humans by prior heavy exercise

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 609-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry W. Scheuermann ◽  
Chris Bell ◽  
Donald H. Paterson ◽  
Thomas J. Barstow ◽  
John M. Kowalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Heavy Exercise ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Warm Up

This study examined the effect of heavy-intensity warm-up exercise on O2 uptake (V˙o 2) kinetics at the onset of moderate-intensity (80% ventilation threshold), constant-work rate exercise in eight older (65 ± 2 yr) and seven younger adults (26 ± 1 yr). Step increases in work rate from loadless cycling to moderate exercise (Mod1), heavy exercise, and moderate exercise (Mod2) were performed. Each exercise bout was 6 min in duration and separated by 6 min of loadless cycling.V˙o 2 kinetics were modeled from the onset of exercise by use of a two-component exponential model. Heart rate (HR) kinetics were modeled from the onset of exercise using a single exponential model. During Mod1, the time constant (τ) for the predominant rise in V˙o 2(τV˙o 2) was slower ( P < 0.05) in the older adults (50 ± 10 s) than in young adults (19 ± 5 s). The older adults demonstrated a speeding ( P < 0.05) of V˙o 2kinetics when moderate-intensity exercise (Mod2) was preceded by high-intensity warm-up exercise (τV˙o 2, 27 ± 3 s), whereas young adults showed no speeding of V˙o 2kinetics (τV˙o 2, 17 ± 3 s). In the older and younger adults, baseline HR preceding Mod2was elevated compared with Mod1, but the τ for HR kinetics was slowed ( P < 0.05) in Mod2only for the older adults. Prior heavy-intensity exercise in old, but not young, adults speeded V˙o 2 kinetics during Mod2. Despite slowed HR kinetics in Mod2in the older adults, an elevated baseline HR before the onset of Mod2 may have led to sufficient muscle perfusion and O2 delivery. These results suggest that, when muscle blood flow and O2 delivery are adequate, muscle O2consumption in both old and young adults is limited by intracellular processes within the exercising muscle.

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