Sympathetic and sensory-motor nerves in peripheral small arteries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Aalkjaer ◽  
Holger Nilsson ◽  
Jo De Mey
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Coupling Interaction ◽  
Small Arteries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Vascular Physiology ◽  
Motor Nerves ◽  
Nervous Influence

Small arteries, which play important roles in controlling blood flow, blood pressure and capillary pressure, are under nervous influence. Their innervation is predominantly sympathetic and sensory-motor in nature and while some arteries are densely innervated others are only sparsely so. Innervation of small arteries is a key mechanism in regulating vascular resistance. In the second half of the previous century the physiology and pharmacology of this innervation was very actively investigated. In the past 10-20 years the activity in this field was more limited. With this review we highlight what has been learned during recent years with respect to development of small arteries and their innervation, some aspects of excitation-release coupling, interaction between sympathetic and sensory-motor nerves, cross-talk between endothelium and vascular nerves, and some aspects of their role in vascular inflammation and hypertension. We also highlight what remains to be investigated to further increase our understanding of this fundamental aspect of vascular physiology.

Transient increases in blood pressure affect sensory-motor activation following stroke using functional MR imaging in the rat

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S402-S402
Author(s):  
Rong Wang ◽  
Zhonghang Zhao ◽  
David Rushforth ◽  
Tadeusz Foniok ◽  
Jaclyn I Wamsteeker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Motor Activation ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Functional Mr Imaging

Atopic dermatitis: new horizons of therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Kruglova ◽  
E. M. Gensler
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
The Past

Over the past decades, the first breakthrough milestone in the treatment of severe forms of atopic dermatitis (AD) has been targeted therapy aimed at inhibiting IL-4 and IL-13. This was made possible thanks to advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of AD, the driver of which is the Th2-type immune response, which also underlies such manifestations of atopy as bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, and polynosis. In the case of the Th2-type immune response, cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 are secreted, which are the main promoters of the inflammatory response in AD. Inhibition of IL-4 and IL-13 leads to the prevention of inflammation and is an effective approach to therapy. The use of therapy aimed at inhibition of cytokines allows you to effectively cope with the manifestations of severe and moderately severe blood pressure.

scholarly journals Teamwork: the art of being a leader and a team player

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josie Jenkinson ◽  
Clare Oakley ◽  
Fiona Mason
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Team Effectiveness ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Team Dynamics ◽  
Clinical Leadership ◽  
The Past ◽  
Team Player ◽  
Team Setting

SummaryThe development of the concept of clinical leadership over the past 5 years, in conjunction with an ever-increasing emphasis on its importance in the medical world, has led to an explosion of reviews, resources, fellowships and other academic programmes in this area. Arguably, with the focus on clinicians as individual leaders, teamworking is a fundamental aspect of effective clinical leadership that has perhaps received less attention. This article explores aspects of leadership in the team setting and covers theories and concepts relating to team dynamics, team roles and functioning. This is with a view to providing clinicians with a sound knowledge base in this area, increased understanding of issues they may face in their own clinical teams, and ideas and tools to help increase team effectiveness.

scholarly journals Orthostatic Blood Pressure Recovery Measured Using a Sphygmomanometer Is Not Associated with Physical Performance or Number of Falls in Geriatric Outpatients

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Arjen Mol ◽  
Marieke Esmé Charlotte Blom ◽  
Danique Johanna van den Bosch ◽  
Richard Jack Anton Van Wezel ◽  
Carel G.M. Meskers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
The Past ◽  
Orthostatic Blood Pressure ◽  
Standing Up ◽  
Age And Sex

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Orthostatic hypotension (OH) and impaired OH recovery derived from beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP) measurements are associated with detrimental clinical outcome, but the clinical relevance of OH recovery assessed using the widely available sphygmomanometer is still unclear. <b><i>Method:</i></b> 635 geriatric outpatients underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment, including orthostatic BP measurements using a sphygmomanometer, during supine rest and 1 and 3 min after standing up and assessment of physical performance (i.e., the timed up and go test and the Short Physical Performance Battery) and the number of falls in the past year. The association between BP recovery, defined as BP at 3 min minus BP at 1 min after standing up, with physical performance and falls was assessed using regression analyses, adjusting for age and sex, both in the entire cohort and after stratifying for the presence of OH at 1 min after standing up. <b><i>Results:</i></b> BP recovery was not associated with physical performance or number of falls, neither in the entire cohort, nor in subpopulations with or without OH. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The clinical relevance of BP recovery between 1 and 3 min after standing up could not be demonstrated. The results suggest that sphygmomanometer measurements have an inadequate time resolution to record the clinically relevant dynamics of orthostatic BP recovery.

City’s Cultural Memory: Modern Practices of Symbolizing the Past

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-364
Author(s):  
Natalia G. Fedotova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Urban Identity ◽  
Symbolic Forms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Symbolic Resource ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the discourse of the city’s cultural memory. The relevance of studying this topic is determined not only by the fundamental aspect associated with the episodicity of existing studies of this phenomenon. From an applied point of view, the city’s cultural memory is a symbolic resource that can be used to create an appealing image, form a sustainable urban identity, and strengthen the citizen’s sense of belonging to the city. The accumulation and objectification of cultural memory take place in symbolic forms, which makes it important to study the practices of symbolizing the urban past, the essence of which is to generate the significance of the relevant or latent layers of cultural memory for the citizens.The article presents the results of the final stage of research related to the study of the process of constructing the cultural memory of the city. The purpose of the article is to analyze modern practices of symbolizing fragments of the urban past, which mean their significance for contemporaries. Basing on the culturological cross-section of the issue, the author integrates different research contexts. The methodological basis of the article is the communicative approach that focuses on the processes of meaning formation, and the constructivist method that considers memory as a multi-layered and dynamic construct. Analyzing the practices of symbolizing the urban past by the example of Russian cities, the author of the article demonstrates how the episodes of the city’s memory are updated in the modern world, how cultural meanings become memorable for citizens. The author uses the results of previous studies and identifies the following elements of the symbolization of the urban past: a) ways of encoding fragments of the past; b) communicative trajectories of memory symbolization; c) factors of producing meanings about the collective past of the city. The obtained results open up new frontiers in understanding the processes of formation of the collective ideas about the city, and prospects for empirical research, forecasting and constructing the cultural memory of Russian cities, giving them the opportunity to change their present and future.

INDEX OF SUSPICION

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 391-393
Author(s):  
David M. Tejeda ◽  
Jessica Kaplan ◽  
John S. Andrews ◽  
Catherine DeAngelis ◽  
Neeru Sehgal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Pediatrician ◽  
Case Presentations

This section of Pediatrics in Review reminds clinicians of those conditions that can present in a misleading fashion and require suspicion for early diagnosis. Emphasis has been placed on conditions in which early diagnosis is important and that the general pediatrician might be expected to encounter, at least once in a while. The reader is encouraged to write possible diagnoses for each case before turning to the discussion, which is on the following page. We invite readers to contribute case presentations and discussions. Case 1 Presentation The parents of a 22-month-old boy complain that he has been increasingly clumsy and cranky for the past 7 days. He initially developed a stumbling gait and now prefers to crawl; he no longer can sit on his own. The child has been afebrile but has had a cough for several weeks. He has been on antibiotics for otitis media (with a presumed labyrinthitis) for 5 days. There have been no other recent illnesses, and he has not been ill in the past. On examination, the child appears irritable and has occasional jerking movements of his extremities. His temperature is 36.3°C, pulse is 128 beats/min, and blood pressure is 84/40 mm Hg. Chaotic, irregular eye movements are present.

scholarly journals Hydrogen sulfide: stench from the past as a mediator of the future

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmina Zivanovic ◽  
Milos R. Filipovic
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Signalling Molecule ◽  
Actual Mechanism ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

The past decade has witnessed the discovery of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a new signalling molecule. Its ability to act as a neurotransmitter, regulator of blood pressure, immunomodulator or anti-apoptotic agent, together with its great pharmacological potential, is now well established. Notwithstanding the growing body of evidence showing the biological roles of H2S, the gap between these roles and the actual mechanism(s) behind these processes is getting larger. We propose a way that protein cysteine residues can be modified to form protein persulfides (P-SSH) and explain how this process is controlled in a physiologically relevant fashion. This article provides an overview of H2S signalling in the human body with particular emphasis on the latest discoveries regarding the mechanisms of protein persulfidation and depersulfidation, as well as about the biological reactivity of persulfides and their role in health and disease.

scholarly journals Annual physical health checks within a forensic inpatient service

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S72-S72
Author(s):  
Michael Cooper ◽  
Partha Gangopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Local System ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Checks ◽  
Blood Monitoring ◽  
Physical Examinations

AimsPatients prescribed antipsychotics are at risk of ill effects to their physical health. Our aims were to assess whether inpatients within a forensic service, on antipsychotic medications, were receiving annual physical health monitoring in accordance with current NICE and SIGN Guidelines. Based on these Guidelines the following objectives were identified: 1: Physical examination, BMI and blood pressure recorded within the past year2: FBC recorded within the past year3: U&Es recorded within past year4: LFTs recorded within the past year5: HbA1C / random glucose / fasting glucose recorded within the past year6: Random lipids / fasting lipids recorded within the past yearMethodInclusion Criteria: Patients admitted for longer than a year currently prescribed an antipsychotic.Data were collected cross-sectionally on 24/7/20 for all inpatients meeting the inclusion criteria. Medical notes and the blood results system were reviewed for results of any annual physical examinations and blood monitoring over the past year.Anonymized data were analysed using Excel.Result13 out of 17 inpatients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of these 13 inpatients, 9 (69.2%) were prescribed clozapine, 1 (7.7%) zuclopenthixol, 1 (7.7%) paliperidone and 1 (7.7%) amisulpride.All patients had BMI and blood pressures recorded within the preceding month. Only 1 patient (7.7%) had an annual physical health examination within the past year.Findings for bloods taken within the past year were as follows:12 patients (92.3%) had an FBC recorded9 patients (69.2%) had U + Es recorded9 patients (69.2%) had LFTs recorded11 patients (84.6%) had HBA1c recorded7 patients (53.8%) had lipids recordedConclusionThere is scope for improvement with both annual physical examinations and blood monitoring.All patients had regular BMIs and blood pressure recorded which is largely attributable to nursing staff protocols. Low compliance with full annual physical examination could be explained by there being no local system in place for annual physical health checks and also frequent changes in junior doctor ward cover.Blood monitoring showed variable compliance with established standards. FBC monitoring had the best compliance, likely because the vast majority of our patients are prescribed clozapine, which necessitates minimal monthly FBC monitoring.This audit was presented to the Forensic Team and thereafter it was agreed for a local system to be put in place for annual physical health checks in the summer each year. This will improve oportunities to optimise our patients health. We plan to re-audit at this time.

Abstract 343: Vascular Inflammation in Two Rat Models of Arterial Hypertension is Promoted by Coagulation FXI

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Lagrange ◽  
Sabine Kossmann ◽  
Andreas Daiber ◽  
Matthias Oelze ◽  
Brett Monia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Experimental Hypertension

Backgroud: Interactions of platelets, leukocytes and the vessel wall play pivotal roles in activating coagulation and precipitating thrombosis. We were recently able to uncover an angiotensin II (ATII) driven factor XI (FXI)-thrombin amplification loop leading to vascular injury in experimental hypertension in mice. Objective: We wanted was to explore the role of thrombin-FXI feedback loop in different models of arterial hypertension in rats. Methods: ATII treated wistar rats (1mg·kg -1 ·d -1 for 7 days using osmotic minipumps) and 5/6 nephrectomized were used for this study. During 2 weeks rats were treated with a FXI antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) (1 week after nephrectomy or 2 weeks before ATII pump implantation, respectively). Blood pressure was recorded with tail cuff measurement. Fluorescence oxidative microtopography was used to evaluate vascular ROS production. Vascular reactivity was assessed in isolated aortic segment. Calibrated automated thrombography was used to measure thrombin generation. Results: In ATII infused rats as well as 5/6 nephrectomized rats vascular dysfunction related to hypertension was attenuated when rats were treated with FXI ASO. Hypertension induced VCAM-1 expression was normalize with inhibition of FXI. ROS formation was normalized in ATII infused rats as well as 5/6 nephrectomized treated with FXI ASO. Thrombin generation in platelet rich plasma from 5/6 nephrectomized rats was completely abolished when FXI was inhibited. Finally the overall blood pressure increase was abrogated by FXI ASO treatment in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Conclusion: FXI plays a critical role in a FXI-thrombin feedback loop in hypertension. This pathway is relevant in mice and rats and we were able to very recently obtain the first conclusive results in humans. FXI could be a novel therapeutic target to interrupt this heterotypic cellular coagulation-inflammatory circuit.

ELECTRODIAGNOSIS OF NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-600
Author(s):  
EDWARD H. LAMBERT
Keyword(s):  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Neuromuscular Disease ◽  
Clinical Neurophysiology ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Motor Nerves

THE past decade has seen a number of the techniques of clinical neurophysiology come into common use in the diagnosis of neuromuscular disease. One of these is the measurement of conduction velocity of motor nerves. Conduction velocity of nerves was only of academic interest until 1948 when a simple method for making reliable measurements in man was described and proved useful as a test of nerve function. It is now a frequent subject of clinical investigation and in many laboratories measurement of conduction velocity has become a routine diagnostic procedure. A review and extension of this work by Dunn and his associates, published in this issue of Pediatrics, emphasizes the importance of such measurements to pediatrics wherein objective evidence of functional impairment of nerves is of particular importance because the clinical examination may be so unsatisfactory. Conduction velocity of peripheral nerves, measurable quickly and simply, should be standard practice in the study of neuromuscular disorders in infants and children.

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