Enhanced Follicular Dendritic Cell-B Cell Interaction in HIV and SIV Infections and its Potential Role in Polyclonal B Cell Activation

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections have been characterized by both polyclonal Bcell activation and enhanced responsiveness to B-cell growth factors on one hand and the loss of specific antibody (Ab) responses and refractoriness to the normal signals for B-cell activation on the other. Histopathological studies of lymph node from HIV- and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected individuals have indicated initial follicular hyperplasia and the appearance of large irregular germinal centers that undergo progressive involution concomitant with follicular dendritic-cell (FDC) disruption. During this process, follicular dendritic-cell -enriched lymph-node-cell cultures exhibit increased ability to induce cluster formation (“in vitrogerminal centers”), lymphocyte proliferation and antibody production compared to uninfected controls. This paper discusses how enhanced FDC-B-cell interaction within SIV-infected germinal centers may result in a reduced ability to select high-affinity B cells and alter the dynamics of antibodyproducing- cell and memory-cell generation resulting in the observed hyperactivity.

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Regulation of Human B Cell Activation by Follicular Dendritic Cell and T Cell Signals

An Antigen Depository of the Immune System: Follicular Dendritic Cells - Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-79603-6_7 ◽

1995 ◽

pp. 105-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. Grouard ◽

O. de Bouteiller ◽

C. Barthelemy ◽

S. Lebecque ◽

J. Banchereau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Dendritic Cell ◽

B Cell ◽

Cell Activation ◽

Follicular Dendritic Cell ◽

B Cell Activation ◽

Follicular Dendritic ◽

Human B Cell ◽

Cell Signals

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Follicular Dendritic Cell Activation by TLR Ligands Promotes Autoreactive B Cell Responses

Immunity ◽

10.1016/j.immuni.2016.12.014 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 106-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Abhishek Das ◽

Balthasar A. Heesters ◽

Allison Bialas ◽

Joseph O’Flynn ◽

Ian R. Rifkin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cell ◽

B Cell ◽

Cell Activation ◽

Follicular Dendritic Cell ◽

Dendritic Cell Activation ◽

Cell Responses ◽

Follicular Dendritic ◽

B Cell Responses

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Antiviral B Cell Memory in the Absence of Mature Follicular Dendritic Cell Networks and Classical Germinal Centers in TNFR1−/−Mice

The Journal of Immunology ◽

10.4049/jimmunol.164.2.768 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 164 (2) ◽

pp. 768-778 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

U. Karrer ◽

C. López-Macías ◽

A. Oxenius ◽

B. Odermatt ◽

M. F. Bachmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cell ◽

B Cell ◽

Follicular Dendritic Cell ◽

Germinal Centers ◽

Cell Memory ◽

B Cell Memory ◽

Follicular Dendritic ◽

Cell Networks

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Lymph Node Germinal Centers Form in the Absence of Follicular Dendritic Cell Networks

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.189.5.855 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 189 (5) ◽

pp. 855-864 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Pandelakis A. Koni ◽

Richard A. Flavell

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cell ◽

B Cell ◽

Follicular Dendritic Cell ◽

Germinal Centers ◽

Affinity Maturation ◽

Antibody Affinity ◽

B Cell Memory ◽

Follicular Dendritic ◽

Cell Networks ◽

Deficient Mice

Follicular dendritic cell networks are said to be pivotal to both the formation of germinal centers (GCs) and their functions in generating antigen-specific antibody affinity maturation and B cell memory. We report that lymphotoxin β–deficient mice form GC cell clusters in the gross anatomical location expected of GCs, despite the complete absence of follicular dendritic cell networks. Furthermore, antigen-specific GC generation was at first relatively normal, but these GCs then rapidly regressed and GC-phase antibody affinity maturation was reduced. Lymphotoxin β–deficient mice also showed substantial B cell memory in their mesenteric lymph nodes. This memory antibody response was of relatively low affinity for antigen at week 4 after challenge, but by week 10 after challenge was comparable to wild-type, indicating that affinity maturation had failed in the GC phase but developed later.

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Large B-Cell Lymphoma with T-Cell–Rich Background and Nodules Lacking Follicular Dendritic Cell Meshworks: A Case Report with Complete Response to Chemotherapy and a Review of the Literature

International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science ◽

10.23958/ijirms/vol05-i11/993 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (11) ◽

pp. 561-565

Author(s):

Walid Shalata ◽

Ismaell Massalha ◽

Kayed Al-Athamen

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Dendritic Cell ◽

B Cell ◽

Cell Lymphoma ◽

B Cell Lymphoma ◽

Complete Response ◽

Follicular Dendritic Cell ◽

Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽

Follicular Dendritic ◽

Large B Cell

In this report, we describe a 38-year-old male with a very rare type of lymphoma, large B cell lymphoma with T cell-rich background and nodules lacking follicular dendritic cell meshworks (THRLBCL). In 2016 the patient presented hot flashes and night sweats (B-symptoms) and peripheral edema. He was treated with R-CHOP (doxorubicin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, rituximab and Prednisone) chemotherapy, a Positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) scan was performed after four cycles of treatment which showed radiologic complete response and blood test (complete blood count (CBC)) results showed normal ranges. As of September, 2020 he patient remains in complete remission. We searched the literature for descriptions of cases spanning the diagnostic spectrum of THRLBCL and we identified only five cases worldwide. The last reported case was in 2014 with distinctive features that were difficult to classify according to the World Health Organization criteria or previously described variants. Our patient is the sixth case of THRLBCL to be reported. He is the youngest of the reported cases and the first from Israel and the Middle East.

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Access to Follicular Dendritic Cells Is a Pivotal Step in Murine Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B-cell Activation and Proliferation

Cancer Discovery ◽

10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-0096 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. 1448-1465 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Kristina Heinig ◽

Marcel Gätjen ◽

Michael Grau ◽

Vanessa Stache ◽

Ioannis Anagnostopoulos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cells ◽

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

B Cell ◽

Cell Activation ◽

Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Follicular Dendritic Cells ◽

B Cell Activation ◽

Follicular Dendritic

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Histologic Classification and Immunophenotype of Lymphosarcomas in Cats with Naturally and Experimentally Acquired Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infections

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098589603300302 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 264-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

J. J. Callanan ◽

B. A. Jones ◽

J. Irvine ◽

B. J. Willett ◽

I. A. P. McCandlish ◽

...

Keyword(s):

B Cell ◽

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Cell Activation ◽

Polyclonal Antibodies ◽

Leukemia Virus ◽

Feline Leukemia Virus ◽

B Cell Activation ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Histologic Classification ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

Lymphosarcoma (malignant lymphoma) is the commonest hematopoietic tumor in the cat. Many cases are associated with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection, but epidemiologic and experimental data suggest that feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) may also have a role in lymphomagenesis. In this paper, we describe the clinical presentation, histologic classification, and immunophenotype of lymphosarcoma in eight domestic cats with natural or experimental FIV infections. The tumors were often of unusual distribution, with the majority of cases conforming to the least common anatomic classification of “miscellaneous.” Histopathologic and immunophenotypic analysis using a panel of anti-cat and cross-reactive anti-human monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies identified seven of these tumors as high-grade B cell lymphomas of the centroblastic or immunoblastic subtypes. The remaining case was a T-cell tumor associated with a concurrent FeLV infection. Our findings, together with the results of an analysis of FIV proviral DNA in these tumors, indicate that the B-cell lymphosarcomas were comparable to those observed in human and simian immunodeficiency virus infections and that the role of FIV in lymphomagenesis is indirect and related to the potential for malignant transformation during polyclonal B cell activation.

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