scholarly journals The Gain of Performance of Optical WDM Networks

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Miroslav Bahleda ◽  
Karol Blunar
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Wavelength Conversion ◽  
Blocking Probability ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Wdm Networks ◽  
Single Fiber ◽  
Conversion Degree ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Optical Wdm

We study the blocking probability and performance of single-fiber and multifiber optical networks with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). We extend the well-known analytical blocking probability model by Barry and Humblet to the general model, which is proposed for both single-fiber and multifiber network paths with any kind of wavelength conversion (no, limited, or full wavelength conversion) and for uniform and nonuniform link loads. We investigate the effect of the link load, wavelength conversion degree, and the number of wavelengths, fibers, and hops on blocking probability. We also extend the definition of the gain of wavelength conversion by Barry and Humblet to the gain of performance, which is fully general. Thanks to this definition and implementation of our model, we compare different WDM node architectures and present interesting results.

scholarly journals WDM Network and Multicasting Protocol Strategies

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Kirci ◽  
Abdul Halim Zaim
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Multicast Routing ◽  
Wdm Networks ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Burst Switching ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Data Transparency ◽  
Optical Burst

Optical technology gains extensive attention and ever increasing improvement because of the huge amount of network traffic caused by the growing number of internet users and their rising demands. However, with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), it is easier to take the advantage of optical networks and optical burst switching (OBS) and to construct WDM networks with low delay rates and better data transparency these technologies are the best choices. Furthermore, multicasting in WDM is an urgent solution for bandwidth-intensive applications. In the paper, a new multicasting protocol with OBS is proposed. The protocol depends on a leaf initiated structure. The network is composed of source, ingress switches, intermediate switches, edge switches, and client nodes. The performance of the protocol is examined with Just Enough Time (JET) and Just In Time (JIT) reservation protocols. Also, the paper involves most of the recent advances about WDM multicasting in optical networks. WDM multicasting in optical networks is given as three common subtitles: Broadcast and-select networks, wavelength-routed networks, and OBS networks. Also, in the paper, multicast routing protocols are briefly summarized and optical burst switched WDM networks are investigated with the proposed multicast schemes.

Switch Architecture with Wavelength Conversion in Optical Networks

2011 ◽  
Vol 474-476 ◽  
pp. 1479-1482
Author(s):  
Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Wavelength Conversion ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Wdm Optical Networks ◽  
Wavelength Converter ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Wavelength Reuse ◽  
Network Flexibility

In this paper, we analyze the optical network with wavelength conversion, and discuss the architecture of network with wavelength converter in its node. The optical cross connects technology for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is rapidly developing. Wavelength conversion is one of the key techniques for switch WDM optical networks. The wavelength conversion technology can achieve wavelength reuse, decrease wavelength competition, enhance network flexibility and scalability, and simplify network structure and management. The results show that If these cross-connectors feature integrated with wavelength conversion, network will be better able to play the full potential of WDM optical networks.

A Multicast Sparse-Grooming Algorithm Based on Network Coding in WDM Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengfeng Zhang ◽  
Han Peng ◽  
Meng Sui ◽  
Huanlin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Network Coding ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Blocking Probability ◽  
Wdm Networks ◽  
Transmission Mechanism ◽  
Disjoint Paths ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Edge Disjoint ◽  
Dynamic Multicast

AbstractTo improve the limited number of wavelength utilization and decrease the traffic blocking probability in sparse-grooming wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) networks, a multicast sparse-grooming algorithm based on network coding (MCSA-NC) is put forward to solve the routing problem for dynamic multicast requests in this paper. In the proposed algorithm, a traffic partition strategy, that the coarse-granularity multicast request with grooming capability on the source node is split into several fine-granularity multicast requests, is designed so as to increase the probability for traffic grooming successfully in MCSA-NC. Besides considering that multiple destinations should receive the data from source of the multicast request at the same time, the traditional transmission mechanism is improved by constructing edge-disjoint paths for each split multicast request. Moreover, in order to reduce the number of wavelengths required and further decrease the traffic blocking probability, a light-tree reconfiguration mechanism is presented in the MCSA-NC, which can select a minimal cost light tree from the established edge-disjoint paths for a new multicast request.

scholarly journals Fragmentation-Aware Traffic Grooming with Lane Changes in Spectrally–Spatially Flexible Optical Networks

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1502
Author(s):  
Piotr Lechowicz ◽  
Aleksandra Knapińska ◽  
Róża Goścień
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Blocking Probability ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Traffic Grooming ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Lane Changes

Traffic in current networks is constantly increasing due to the growing popularity of various network services. The currently deployed backbone optical networks apply wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) techniques in single-core single-mode fibers (SMFs) to transmit the light. However, the capacity of SMFs is limited due to physical constraints, and new technologies are required in the near future. Spectrally–spatially-flexible optical networks (SS-FONs) are proposed to provide a substantial capacity increase by exploring the spatial dimension. However, before this technology will reach maturity, various aspects need to be addressed. In particular, during traffic grooming, multiple small requests are aggregated into large-capacity optical corridors in an optical layer to increase the spectral efficiency. As the summary traffic volume is dynamically changing, it may be required to set up and tear down optical channels, which results in network fragmentation. As a consequence, in a congested network, part of the requests can be blocked due to the lack of spectrum resources. Thus, the grooming of traffic and the creation of lightpaths should be carefully designed to minimize network fragmentation. In this study, we present several fragmentation metrics and develop a fragmentation-aware traffic grooming algorithm that reduces the bandwidth blocking probability.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation and analysis of four waves mixing in DWDM optical communications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim E. Elsayed
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Wavelength Conversion ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Wdm Optical Networks ◽  
Component Reliability ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Dwdm System

Abstract Optical nonlinearities give rise to many ubiquitous effects in optical fibres ’. These effects are interesting in themselves and can be detrimental in optical communication. In the Dense Wave length division multiplexing system (DWDM) the nonlinear effects plays important role .DWDM system offers component reliability, system availability and system margin. DWDM system carries different channels. Hence power level carried by fiber increases which generates nonlinear effect such as SPM, XPM, SRS, SBS and FWM. Four wave mixing (FWM) is one of the most troubling issues. The FWM gives crosstalk in DWDM system whose channel spacing is narrow. Wavelength exchanging enables data swapping between two different wavelengths simultaneously. These phenomena have been used in many applications in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) optical networks such as, wavelength conversion, wavelength sampling, optical 3R, optical interconnects and optical add-drop multiplexing.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation and analysis of four waves mixing in DWDM optical communications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim E. Elsayed
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Wavelength Conversion ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Wdm Optical Networks ◽  
Component Reliability ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Dwdm System

Abstract Optical nonlinearities give rise to many ubiquitous effects in optical fibres ’. These effects are interesting in themselves and can be detrimental in optical communication. In the Dense Wave length division multiplexing system (DWDM) the nonlinear effects plays important role .DWDM system offers component reliability, system availability and system margin. DWDM system carries different channels. Hence power level carried by fiber increases which generates nonlinear effect such as SPM, XPM, SRS, SBS and FWM. Four wave mixing (FWM) is one of the most troubling issues. The FWM gives crosstalk in DWDM system whose channel spacing is narrow. Wavelength exchanging enables data swapping between two different wavelengths simultaneously. These phenomena have been used in many applications in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) optical networks such as, wavelength conversion, wavelength sampling, optical 3R, optical interconnects and optical add-drop multiplexing.

Optical Network Survivability

2008 ◽  
pp. 383-390
Author(s):  
N. S.C. Correia ◽  
M. C.R. Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Network Survivability ◽  
Single Fiber ◽  
Fiber Failure ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Optical Wdm ◽  
Service Interruption ◽  
Equipment Failures ◽  
Electrical Cables

The telecommunications world is evolving dramatically toward challenging scenarios where the fast and efficient transportation of information is becoming a key element in today’s society. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology has the potential to satisfy the ever-increasing bandwidth needs of the network users on a sustained basis (Mukherjee, 2000). Network operators must provide uninterrupted service to their customers, that is, network survivability must be guaranteed. This means that, networks must be able to handle link or fiber cuts as well as equipment failures, fact that influences the design and operation of networks (Gerstel & Ramaswami, 2000). When using WDM, survivability becomes even more important because of the huge amount of traffic carried by a single fiber. A single fiber failure, even for few seconds, can be catastrophic (Maier, Pattavina, Patre & Martinelli, 2002). This issue is actually very important since the optical WDM technology is now being deployed in the field. Network survivability is not just an academic subject. In real networks, failures happen quite frequently (fiber cuts, for example, are very common in terrestrial networks since they share other utility transport conduits, such as gas or water pipes and electrical cables, and are considered the least reliable component (Gerstel & Ramaswami, 2000; Maier, Pattavina, Patre & Martinelli, 2002). The prevention of service interruption, or the reduction of the service loss when failures occur, must now be an integral part of the network design and operations strategy or otherwise severe service losses can happen.

Control Traffic Flows and Differing Quality of Service with Reservation of Bandwidth in Optical Network

2011 ◽  
Vol 219-220 ◽  
pp. 1309-1312
Author(s):  
Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Traffic Grooming ◽  
Wdm Networks ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Optical Wdm Networks ◽  
Optical Wdm ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Control Traffic

In this paper, a traffic flow control scheme is presented. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology have significantly increased the transmission capacity of today’s transport networks, and played an extremely important role in high-speed network. Since high bandwidth wavelength channels will be filled up by many low-speed traffic streams, efficiently provisioning customer connections with such diverse bandwidth needs is a very important problem and is also known as the traffic-grooming problem. Traffic grooming is an extremely important issue for next-generation optical WDM networks.

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