scholarly journals Current Perspectives in NSAID-Induced Gastropathy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mau Sinha ◽  
Lovely Gautam ◽  
Prakash Kumar Shukla ◽  
Punit Kaur ◽  
Sujata Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications ◽  
Gastrointestinal Injury ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
The World ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most highly prescribed drugs in the world. Their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic actions may be beneficial; however, they are associated with severe side effects including gastrointestinal injury and peptic ulceration. Though several approaches for limiting these side effects have been adopted, like the use of COX-2 specific drugs, comedication of acid suppressants like proton pump inhibitors and prostaglandin analogs, these alternatives have limitations in terms of efficacy and side effects. In this paper, the mechanism of action of NSAIDs and their critical gastrointestinal complications have been reviewed. This paper also provides the information on different preventive measures prescribed to minimize such adverse effects and analyses the new suggested strategies for development of novel drugs to maintain the anti-inflammatory functions of NSAIDs along with effective gastrointestinal protection.

scholarly journals Peran Kurkumin Sebagai Terapi Pada Osteoartritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Rilianda Abelira
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The World ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Digestive Disorders ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Osteoartritis (OA) merupakan salah satu penyakit penyakit degeneratif atau geriatri yang disebabkan adanya inflamasi yang melibatkan kartilago, lapisan sendi, ligamen, dan tulang yang akibatnya dapat menyebabkan nyeri dan kekakuan pada sendi. Epidemiologi OA di didunia sekitar 15% dengan usia diatas 65-75 dan diperkirakan pada tahun 2020 penderita osteoarthritis akan meningkat 11,6 juta penderita. Kejadian OA di Indonesia dari tahun 1990 hingga 2010 telah mengalami peningkatan sebanyak 44,2% dan berdasarkan usia di Indonesia cukup tinggi dengan 65% pada usia tua (lansia) atau lebih dari 61 tahun. Pengobatan secara farmakologis untuk OA dengan menggunakan Obat Anti Inflamasi Non-Steroid (OAINS) salah satu contohnya adalah meloksikam. Namun, efek samping penggunaan OAINS dapat menimbulkan beberapa masalah seperti timbulnya ulkus peptikum dan gangguan pencernaan. Hal ini menyebabkan sedang dikembangkannya pengobatan herbal untuk OA yang harapannya dapat menjadi pengobatan utama dalam mengatasi OA dengan menggunakan kurkumin. Kurkumin berperan sebagai antiinflamasi dalam kunyit putih dengan menurunkan aktivitas cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2), lipoxygenase dan menghambat produksi sitokin seperti TNF-α, interleukin (IL). Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative or geriatric disease that is caused by inflammation involving cartilages, joint lining, ligaments, and bones which can cause pain and stiffness in the joints. Epidemiology of OA in the world around 15% with ages above 65-75 and it is estimated in 2020, osteoarthritis will increase by 11.6 million. The incidence of OA in Indonesia from 1990 to 2010 has increased by 44.2% and by age in Indonesia is quite high with 65% in old age (elderly) or more than 61 years. Treatment for OA is using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as meloxicam. However, side effects of NSAID use can cause several problems such as the emergence of peptic ulcer and digestive disorders. This has led to the development of herbal treatments for OA which hopes to become the main treatment in overcoming OA by using curcumin. Curcumin acts as an anti-inflammatory in white turmeric by reducing the activity of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), lipoxygenase and inhibiting the production of cytokines such as TNF-α, interleukin (IL).

scholarly journals Safety of selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: analysis of the last years data

The Clinician ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
N. A. Shostak ◽  
A. A. Klimenko ◽  
N. A. Demidova ◽  
D. A. Anichkov
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Cox 2 Inhibitors

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly used pain relievers. However, their use often threatens with serious undesirable effects, associated mainly with damage to cardiovascular system (CVS), gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and liver. Contraindications to NSAIDs prescription are clearly regulated, algorithms for their personalized appointment are determined taking into account risk factors for cardiovascular and gastrointestinal adverse events. The severity of NSAIDs side effects is mainly due to the selectivity to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), as well as the physicochemical properties of various drugs. Cardiovascular adverse events differ among various NSAIDs both within commonly used drugs and among COX-2 inhibitors. It is well known that NSAIDs selective for COX-2 are safer in terms of the effect on the gastrointestinal tract than non-selective drugs. A meta-analysis showed that relatively selective COX-2 inhibitors (meloxicam, etodolac) were associated with a comparable risk of developing symptomatic ulcers and ulcers identified by endoscopy, and safety and tolerability profiles of the drugs were similar.All NSAIDs are associated with cardiovascular toxicity, however, different drugs have significant risk differences. The mechanism of NSAIDs cardiovascular adverse effects is associated with an increase of blood pressure, sodium retention, vasoconstriction, platelet activation, and prothrombotic state. It has been shown that the risk of cardiovascular adverse events when taking COX-2 inhibitors (celecoxib, etoricoxib) significantly increases. According to a study of more than 8 million people, it was found that the risk of myocardial infarction was increased in patients taking ketorolac. Further, highest to lowest risk authors list indomethacin, etoricoxib, rofecoxib (not currently used), diclofenac, a fixed combination of diclofenac with misoprostol, piroxicam, ibuprofen, naproxen, celecoxib, meloxicam, nimesulide and ketoprofen. When taking NSAIDs, the risk of heart failure decompensation increases, and it turned out to be the greatest for ketorolac, etoricoxib, and indomethacin. Meloxicam, aceclofenac, ketoprofen almost did not increase heart failure risk. It should be noted that when using the drugs (except for indomethacin and meloxicam), there is a tendency to increase the total cardiovascular and renal risks with increasing doses. Thus, it is obvious that a very careful approach is required when choosing NSAIDs. If there is an increased risk of gastrointestinal complications associated with NSAIDs, selective NSAIDs are preferred, with both coxibs and traditional selective NSAIDs showing the best safety profile in the studies. To minimize cardiovascular side effects specialists should consider the risk level of cardiovascular complications, as well as results of large clinical studies where particular NSAIDs are compared.

The role of celecoxib as a potential inhibitor in the treatment of inflammatory diseases - a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiane Viana Cruz ◽  
Joaquín María Campos Rosa ◽  
Njogu Mark Kimani ◽  
Silvana Giuliatti ◽  
Cleydson Breno Rodrigues dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Potential Inhibitor ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 1 ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Cox 2 Inhibitors

: This article presents a simplified view of celecoxib as a potential inhibitor in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) has, predominantly, two isoforms called cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). The former plays a constitutive role that is related to homeostatic effects in renal and platelets, while the latter is mainly responsible for induction of inflammatory effects. Since COX-2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, it has been signaled as a target for the planning of anti-inflammatory intermediates. Many inhibitors developed and planned for COX-2 inhibition have presented side effects to humans, mainly in the gastrointestinal and/or cardiovascular tract. Therefore, it is necessary to design new potential COX-2 inhibitors, which are relatively safe and without side effects. To this end, of the generation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from “coxibs”, celecoxib is the only potent selective COX-2 inhibitor that is still commercially available. Thus, the compound celecoxib became a commercial prototype inhibitor for the development of anti-inflammatory agents for COX-2 enzyme. In this review, we provide highlights where such inhibition should provide a structural basis for the design of promising new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which act as COX-2 inhibitors with lesser side effects on the human body.

Defining the role of glucocorticoids in inflammation

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (14) ◽  
pp. 1529-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Ronchetti ◽  
Graziella Migliorati ◽  
Stefano Bruscoli ◽  
Carlo Riccardi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

An established body of knowledge and clinical practice has argued in favor of the use of glucocorticoids in various chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, the very well-known adverse effects associated with their treatment hampers continuation of therapy with glucocorticoids. Analyses of the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of glucocorticoids have led to the discovery of several mediators that add complexity and diversity to the puzzling world of these hormones and anti-inflammatory drugs. Such mediators hold great promise as alternative pharmacologic tools to be used as anti-inflammatory drugs with the same properties as glucocorticoids, but avoiding their metabolic side effects. This review summarizes findings about the molecular targets and mediators of glucocorticoid function.

scholarly journals Side-Effects of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on the Liver in Dogs and Hepatoprotective Effect of Plant Remedies

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-466
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szweda ◽  
Józef Szarek ◽  
Zdzisław Kiełbowicz ◽  
Beata Szynaka
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Hepatoprotective effect of plant drugs against hepatic tissue injury induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was assessed on Beagle dogs. The adverse effects of carprofen and robenacoxib on the hepatic tissue were evaluated on the basis of histopathological examination of liver sections. It was demonstrated that the use of NSAIDs with liquorice and composed plant remedy Pectosol¯ caused a reduction of hepatic adverse effects induced by the administration of NSAIDs. This fact indicates a hepatoprotective effect of the tested plant remedies during the treatment with NSAIDs. However, the results require further studies on a larger group of animals. Liquorice and Pectosol¯ reduce the hepatic side effects, which develop after the treatment with carprofen and, to a lesser extent, robenacoxib in young Beagles. Such studies allow to investigate the negative and positive effects of using robenacoxib and carprofen in dogs and, therefore, help to limit the NSAID-induced side effects on the liver in these animals.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their effect on the nervous system: neurotoxicity, types, mechanism of occurrence

2021 ◽  
pp. 459-464
Author(s):  
Elmira Erfanovna Alimova ◽  
Elena Evgenievna Al-Rabadi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Health Organization

Currently, according to the World Health Organization, about 20% of the world's population takes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs are lipophilic substances that easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier and can cause side effects from the central nervous system. Neurotoxicity (headache, dizziness, insomnia, depression, depersonalization, psychosis, and tremor occur during the treatment with indomethacin; visual impairment, drowsiness - during the treatment with meloxicam; hearing loss - when taking salicylates) ranks second after gastrotoxicity. The article describes the mechanisms of neurotoxicity that occur when taking NSAIDs.

scholarly journals Review on Effects of NSAID`S on Different Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Naresh Puppala ◽  
Gantala Alekhya Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Vascular Event ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Major Vascular Event ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are amongst the most commonly prescribed medication. Some are available over the counter and likely to be abused. The gastrointestinal (GI), renal and cardiovascular (CV) side effects limit NSAIDs use. These side effects occurred at a rate as low as 1%–5% for NSAID users. The gastrointestinal (GI), renal and cardiovascular (CV) side effects limit NSAIDs use. Some studies  have shown  that an extra 2to8 per 1000 people per year may have a major vascular event from using an NSAID. Several studies demonstrated that conventional NSAIDs were associated with a higher risk of AKI and GN and decreased kidney hemodynamic functions, including sodium excretion. NSAIDs have a range of adverse effects mainly affecting the GI, renal and CV systems.  

The consequences of using widely available non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Synoweć ◽  
Katarzyna Pogorzelczyk ◽  
Marlena Robakowska ◽  
Daniel Ślęzak ◽  
Przemysław Żuratyński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
The World ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used throughout the world due to their wide availability and a broad range of effects. Patients have easy access to these drugs in pharmacies and cosmetic shops, with the latter ones rarely having personnel qualified to provide advice on dosage. NSAIDs are usually administered to manage pain, fever and inflammation. They are used for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, oropharyngeal inflammations or in the treatment of chronic pain. Nevertheless, they are most often used for home treatment of common conditions, such as cold. However, NSAIDs can cause multiple adverse effects. They adversely affect the gastrointestinal tract, contribute to hypertension, show hepatotoxic properties, exacerbate respiratory diseases, induce allergies and haematological complications. Adverse effects may occur both due to overdose, as well as independently of the dose. The aim of this review is to present adverse effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the awareness of Poles concerning the use of NSAIDs, as well as measures to be taken in order to limit the adverse health consequences of the use of these drugs.

scholarly journals Computational analysis of eugenol inhibitory activity in lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco das Chagas Pereira de Andrade ◽  
Anderson Nogueira Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Gastric Irritation

Abstract Chronic inflammation is triggered by numerous diseases such as osteoarthritis, Crohn's disease and cancer. The control of the pro-inflammatory process can prevent, mitigate and/or inhibit the evolution of these diseases. Therefore, anti-inflammatory drugs have been studied as possible compounds to act in these diseases. This paper proposes a computational analysis of eugenol in relation to aspirin and diclofenac and analyzing the ADMET profile and interactions with COX-2 and 5-LOX enzymes, important enzymes in the signaling pathway of pro-inflammatory processes. Through the analysis of ADMET in silico, it was found that the pharmacokinetic results of eugenol are similar to NSAIDs, such as diclofenac and aspirin. Bioinformatics analysis using coupling tests showed that eugenol can bind to COX-2 and 5-LOX. These results corroborate with different findings in the literature that demonstrate anti-inflammatory activity with less gastric irritation, bleeding and ulcerogenic side effects of eugenol. The results of bioinformatics reinforce studies that try to propose eugenol as an anti-inflammatory compound that can act in the COX-2/5-LOX pathways, replacing some NSAIDs in different diseases.

Prolonged Cholestatic Jaundice Associated With Flurbiprofen

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Dogan ◽  
Mehmet Celikbilek ◽  
Kutay Demirkan ◽  
Semih Yilmaz ◽  
Kemal Deniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cholestatic Jaundice ◽  
The World ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely consumed drugs throughout the world for pain relief. Although the adverse effects of NSAIDs to the liver are well known, flurbiprofen-induced liver cholestasis is extremely rare. Herein, we present a patient with prolonged icterus that is associated with the use of flurbiprofen without causing ductopenia.

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