scholarly journals The Beneficial Impact of the Black Chokeberry Extract against the Oxidative Stress in the Sublingual Salivary Gland of Rats Intoxicated with Cadmium

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Barbara M. Onopiuk ◽  
Zofia N. Dąbrowska ◽  
Joanna Rogalska ◽  
Malgorzata M. Brzóska ◽  
Adam Dąbrowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Total Oxidative Status ◽  
Black Chokeberry ◽  
And Control

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most harmful xenobiotics to which humans are exposed, mainly by the oral route, throughout life. Preventive strategies are searched as low intoxication with this element, among others due to its prooxidative properties, can be deleterious to health and the exposure to it is continuously increasing. Recently, interest has been paid to plant raw materials with a high antioxidative potential to oppose the prooxidative properties of cadmium, such as black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa L. fruit), which is rich in polyphenolic compounds. The study was aimed at assessing whether the chokeberry extract may counteract the prooxidative impact of low-level and moderate repeated intoxication with cadmium on the sublingual salivary gland. The investigation was performed on 96 Wistar rats (females), which were treated with a 0.1% aqueous extract from chokeberries or/and a diet containing 1 or 5 mg Cd/kg for 3 and 10 months, and control animals. The intoxication with cadmium, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, attenuated the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidative potential and increased the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and total oxidative status of the sublingual salivary gland resulting in an occurrence of oxidative stress, enhancement of lipid peroxidation, and oxidative injuries of proteins in this salivary gland. The treatment with the black chokeberry extract during the intoxication with cadmium prevented this xenobiotic-caused oxidative/reductive imbalance and oxidative modifications of proteins and lipids in the salivary gland. The above results allow the conclusion that the consumption of black chokeberry products during intoxication with cadmium can prevent oxidative stress and its consequences in the sublingual salivary gland and thus counteract the unfavourable impact of this xenobiotic on the oral cavity.

scholarly journals DNA Damage Responses and Oxidative Stress in Dyskeratosis Congenita.

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 2359-2359
Author(s):  
Larisa Pereboeva ◽  
Erik Westin ◽  
Toral Patel ◽  
Ian Flaniken ◽  
Lawrence S. Lamb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Dyskeratosis Congenita ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
And Control ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Abstract 2359 Introduction: Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is an inherited multisystem disorder consisting of premature aging, cancer predisposition, bone marrow failure and the characteristic triad of mucosal leukoplakia, skin dyspigmentation and nail dystrophy. Symptomology associated with DC arises as a consequence of mutations within genes associated with telomeres and telomerase activity manifested by critically shortened telomeres in affected cells. We have previously reported a growth disadvantage and increased intracellular oxidative stress in cultured somatic cells obtained from patients with DC. We hypothesize that telomere maintenance is closely linked to dysregulation in oxidative pathways and consequent DNA damage. Our objective was to discern whether pharmacologic intervention to alleviate oxidative stress imparts a protective effect in DC cells. Methods: T lymphocytes from both DC subjects with hTERC mutations and age-matched controls were cultured and expanded in vitro using CD3/CD28 beads. DNA damage to cells was induced using paclitaxel, etoposide, or ionizing radiation during log-phase of cell growth. Cellular proliferation and apoptosis were monitored by cell counting and flow cytometry (FACS) using Annexin V antibody and propidium iodide. Western blotting was used to measure basal and radiation-induced expression of DNA damage response (DDR) proteins, including total p53 and its activated form (serine 15 phosphorylated; p53S15), p21WAF, and phosphorylated H2AX (gH2AX). Level of oxidative stress was determined by FACS using the cell-permeable fluorogenic probe DCFH and dihydroethedium (DHE) detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS). Anti-oxidants, including vitamin E and N acetyl cysteine (NAC), were used in vitro to modulate levels of oxidative stress in control and radiated cells. Results: Comparison of growth curves demonstrated a significant decrease in proliferation of T cells obtained from DC patients versus control T cells. This growth disadvantage was more pronounced following cell exposure to radiation, paclitaxel, and etoposide. To explain these differences we investigated several parameters indicative of DNA damage. DC lymphocytes had higher basal levels of apoptosis, while radiation resulted in comparable levels of apoptosis in both DC and control cultures. Similarly, DDR markers p53 and p53S15, but not p21 and g-H2AX, were basally expressed at higher levels in DC lymphocytes while radiation, in a dose-dependent manner, upregulated expression of p53, p53S15, p21 and g-H2AX in both DC and control lymphocytes. Consistent with DDR data, elevated basal levels of ROS were found in short term DC cultures. Additionally, in a dose dependent manner, the anti-oxidant NAC partially ameliorated the growth disadvantage of DC cells. Importantly, NAC also decreased radiation-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in DC cells. Studies are ongoing to characterize the modulation of DDR markers in NAC-treated cells. Conclusions: DC is an important disease model for studying the effects of telomere shortening on cellular proliferation and other molecular pathways involved in cell senescence and aging. Our findings of elevated basal levels of apoptosis, DDR proteins and oxidative stress in DC lymphocytes, as well as increased sensitivity of DC cells to cytotoxic agents suggests a role of telomerase and/or telomere length in regulating oxidative and DNA damage response pathways. This data also validates the clinical finding of DC patients' intolerance to myeloablative therapy. Finally a pharmacologic approach to reduce oxidative stress may alleviate some of the untoward toxicities associated with current cytotoxic treatments in DC. Clinical trials testing various anti-oxidant therapies are currently under design. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Naringenin Protects Hepato-Renal Tissues Against Antituberculosis Drugs Induced Toxic Manifestations by Modulating IL-6, IGF-1, CYP2E1, Biochemical and Ultra-Structural Integrity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Sahu ◽  
Samrat Rakshit ◽  
Satendra Kumar Nirala ◽  
Monika Bhadauria
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Human Dose ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Adverse drug reactions are unavoidable risk factors allied with use of modern medicines. First-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATDs) contribute to diverse pathological complications lead to severe oxidative stress and cause hepato-renal injury. This study was designed to investigate protective potential of naringenin to limit ATDs (combination of pyrazinamide, ethambutol, isoniazid and rifampicin) induced hepato-renal injury. The dose of ATDs was converted from human dose into rat dose and three different doses (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) of naringenin was administered conjointly through oral route on alternate days for 8 weeks and every Sunday was a rest day. One-way ANOVA (P≤0.05) followed by Tukey’s post hoc HSD test determined statistical significance. Results indicated significant increase in IL-6, triglycerides, cholesterol, bilirubin but depletion in IGF-1, albumin and glucose in serum after exposure to ATDs. Lipid peroxidation in microsomes and CYP2E1 enzyme activity was also increased significantly whereas, a severe depletion of endogenous antioxidants including GR, GPx and G-6-PDH was observed. Ultra-structural observations of liver and kidney showed marked deviation in plasma membranes of various cellular and sub-cellular organelles. Conjoint treatment of naringenin counteracted ATDs induced toxic manifestations by regulating IL-6, IGF-1, biochemical and ultra-structural integrity in a dose dependent manner. Naringenin also inhibited the depletion of CYP2E1 enzyme as it provided help for biotransformation of ATDs. These findings demonstrated that naringenin provided protection against ATDs induced hepato-renal injury by balancing oxidative stress and inflammation via upregulating antioxidant enzymes.

Legal Issues for Ensuring Phytosanitary Safety and Environmental Protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
Zhambyl ORYNTAEV ◽  
Zhanna AKSHATAYEVA ◽  
Gulnar AIGARINOVA ◽  
Zhanna KALKANOVA ◽  
Gulnur RASHEVA
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Perception Of Safety ◽  
Holistic Perception ◽  
Safety Parameters ◽  
And Control

Phytosanitary safety is determined by the possibilities of ensuring food safety, which guarantees the sustainable development of the state and improvement of the quality of life. The specifics of ensuring regulation of phytosanitary safety are the principles of equilibrium regulation and the establishment of a holistic perception of safety parameters on the part of both regulatory bodies and regulatory agencies. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that the formation of safety in the field of phytosanitary surveillance is determined not only by directly controlling the quality of plant raw materials, but also by the food products and materials that are subsequently produced from them. The authors have demonstrated aspects of the implementation of integrated surveillance, analysed the legal systems of various countries that can be sources of supervision and control in the field of phytosanitary safety. The article shows the possibility of expanding the standardisation programs of food raw materials and finished products for phytosanitary facilities. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that ensuring phytosanitary safety on a global scale will reduce the need for food supply of individual countries and increase the depth of processing of current food technologies. Ultimately, this will affect the possibility of intensifying social development programs of individual countries and regions.

scholarly journals Development of technology of biogenic stimulator from grass and marc of Sedum maximum

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
О. І. Бурбан ◽  
Л. І. Вишневська ◽  
Т. М. Зубченко
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Technological Factors ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

One of the areas of rational use of raw materials, increasing the efficiency of medicinal plant raw materials and reducing the cost of medicines is the technology of its complex processing, which allows to obtain several pharmacologically active substances from one plant, also through the use of plant waste. Information about the potent biological activity of Sedum maximum and its insufficient study prompted us to conduct experimental studies to obtain substances based on it. The aim of the work is to study the production of an extract from marc of Sedum maximum grass on the basis of its complex processing and to study its quality indicators. Materials and methods of the research – biblio semantic, pharmacotherapeutic, physicochemical and statistical research methods were used during the research. Taking into account a number of technological factors, the parameters of obtaining extract from marc of Sedum maximum grass were determined, the quality of juice and Sedum maximum grass extract was studied: description, pH, dry residue, identification, quantitative content of tannins in terms of pyrogalol. Taking into acount the physicochemical and pharmacotechnological properties of the ingredients, technological schemes for obtaining fresh juice from Sedum maximum grass and extract from its marc have been developed and control parameters of the process of their production have been established. Taking into account a number of technological factors, the parameters of obtaining the extract from marc of Sedum maximum grass were determined: raw material:extractant ratio – 1:2, extraction temperature – 96–98 °С, extraction duration – 15 min. As a stabilizer used sodium chloride in the amount of 0.7%. The study of the following quality indicators of juice and extract of Sedum maximum grass were done and following results obtained: description, pH – 5.72 ± 0.08 and 4.87 ± 0.04, respectively, dry residue – 2.73 ± 0.07 and 2.54 ± 0,10%, respectively, identification, quantification of the amount of tannins in terms of pyrogalol – 0.094 ± 0.002 and 0.095 ± 0.002%, respectively. The technology was developed and technological schemes of complex processing of Sedum maximum grass were drawn up, according to which juice and aqueous extract from marc were obtained after squeezing the juice.

scholarly journals The influence of the vegetative stage of Galega orientalis on the quality of haylage prepared from it

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 02019
Author(s):  
Boris Starkovskiy ◽  
Gennadiy Simonov ◽  
Yuliya Malinovskaya ◽  
Aleksandr Simonov
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Galega Orientalis ◽  
Active Substances

Studying the effect of plant raw materials on the quality of the finished haylage made of Galega orientalis when preparing it at different vegetative stages of plants. Special attention is paid to haylage in the livestock ration structure because compared to silage it has higher nutritive value and contains more dry matter, protein, sugars, macro- and microelements, as well as biologically active substances. It is worth to note that haylage rations have a beneficial impact on the animal body and the productivity of animals, which, in turn, reduces production costs. it has been proved that the green mass of Galega orientalis is a good raw material for making haylage if the technological requirements for feed preparation are met.

scholarly journals ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ОЗОНА ДЛЯ ОБЕЗЗАРАЖИВАНИЯ КОРМОВОГО СЫРЬЯ (ОБЗОР)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2(26) ◽  
pp. 41-61
Author(s):  
O.N. Bakhchevnikov ◽  
◽  
A.V. Braginets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Pathogenic Factors ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
And Control

The issues of disinfection of raw materials for feed production by the method of ozonation were considered in the review. Ozonation could be a universal method of plant raw materials disinfection in agricultural enterprises and formula-feed plants. A research objective is to generalize and analyze scientific publications devoted to the feed raw materials disinfection by ozone, as well as to clarify information on rational parameters of such type of disinfection and its effect on the quality of feed. Moreover, we assessed the possibility of further use of ozonation in the production process. For the research of the subject, we searched and selected scientific articles published from 2005 to 2020 and conducted a systematic review. Ozonation was found to be an effective method for feed decontamination that destroys pathogenic bacteria and fungi. This method is also used to detoxify feed and control pest insects. Ozonation is not yet widely used in agricultural production and formula-feed industry to ensure the biological safety of feed raw materials. Additional research aimed at improving the efficiency of ozonation by standardization of parameters for its implementation to ensure the broadest possible application of the method under study should be carried out. The development of technical solutions that increase the diffusion of gaseous ozone will significantly increase the safety and preservation of raw materials. Rational values of ozone concentration, processing time, etc., for each type of raw materials, as well as for mycotoxins, pesticides, microorganisms and insects, including different stages of their growth and development, should be defined. Special attention should be also focused on the study of the complex efficiency of ozonation concerning several pathogenic factors.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES CONTENT IN THE LEAVES AND FRUITS OF A ROWAN-TREE (SORBUS AUCUPARIA FRUCTUS) AND ASSESSMENT OF PROSPECTS IN MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Chernichkina A.D.
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Pectin Substances

A large number of biologically active substances, organic acids, tannins, and pectin substances were detected during the study of fruits, leaves, and pulp of the fruits of mountain Ash. The content of these substances in leaves and pulp will significantly expand the arsenal of medicinal plant raw materials used. Given the wide distribution of mountain Ash in the territory of the Russian Federation, harvesting leaves from the same plants after harvesting the fruit and using pulp will make it possible to obtain new phytopreparations.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

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