scholarly journals Assessment of Some Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals in Hand-Dug Well Water Samples of Kafta Humera Woreda, Tigray, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kiros Gebremichail Gebresilasie ◽  
Goitom Gebreyohannes Berhe ◽  
Amanual Hadera Tesfay ◽  
Samuel Estifanos Gebre
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Dug Well

Groundwater is one of the most important sources of drinking water in Kafta Humera Woreda; hence, it is important to assess the quality of these water sources. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of some physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in hand-dug well water sources of Kafta Humera Woreda. The results showed that the physicochemical concentrations of the hand-dug well water samples were given as follows: temperature, 27.67 ± 0.15 to 28.30 ± 0.25°C; pH, 6.90 ± 0.33 to 8.20 ± 0.36; dissolved oxygen, 5.60 ± 0.06 to 6.2 ± 0.04 mg/L; turbidity, 1.67 ± 0.02 to 1.89 ± 0.03 NTU; EC, 148.50 ± 0.89 to 932.00 ± 0.98 μS/cm; TDS, 105.80 ± 0.62 to 664.28 ± 0.70 mg/L; total hardness, 71.80 ± 3.05 to 295.30 ± 2.38 mg/L; total alkalinity, 75 ± 5.0 to 215 ± 5.0 mg/L; calcium, 12.02 ± 0.82 to 75.88 ± 0.93 mg/L; magnesium, 9.80 ± 0.80 to 25.70 ± 0.17 mg/L; potassium, 0.130 ± 0.003 to 0.86 ± 0.04 mg/L; sodium, 2.20 ± 0.16 to 12.75 ± 0.87 mg/L; chloride, 12.86 ± 0.02 to 42.72 ± 0.20 mg/L; sulfate, 17.24 ± 0.96 to 118.67 ± 0.46 mg/L; phosphate, 0.018 ± 0.005 to 0.020 ± 0.002 mg/L; and nitrate, 1.86 ± 0.03 to 5.43 ± 0.06 mg/L. Generally, the concentrations of most physicochemical parameters of the hand-dug well water samples of Kafta Humera Woreda were within the permissible limit of World Health Organization and Ethiopian Standard Agency guideline for drinking water. The statistical Pearson’s correlation analysis on the water quality parameters revealed that all parameters are more or less correlated with each other. Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids of the water samples were found to be significantly correlated with total hardness (r = 0.989), total alkalinity (r = 0.827), calcium (r = 0.988), magnesium (r = 0.881), sodium (r = 0.995), potassium(r = 0.996), chloride (r = 0.998), sulfate (r = 1), and nitrate ions (r = 0.972). Out of the selected seven heavy metals, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Cd, and Pb, only iron was detected in all water samples and its concentration was above the permissible limit of WHO and ESA for drinking water. Therefore, the government should adopt some treatment technologies such as sedimentation and aeration to minimize the concentration of iron for safe drinking the water to the community of Kafta Humera Woreda.

scholarly journals Heavy metal levels in drinking water sources of Chingola District, Zambia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Hamwiinga ◽  
Chisala D. Meki ◽  
Patricia Mubita ◽  
Hikabasa Halwiindi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
Metal Levels

Abstract Background: One of the factors impeding access to safe water is water pollution. Of particular concern is heavy metal contamination of water bodies. This study was aimed at determining the levels of heavy metals in drinking water sources of Chingola District of Zambia. Methods: A cross sectional study was employed. A total of 60 water samples were collected. Thirsty (30) samples were collected in the dry season in the month of October 2016 and another 30 in the wet season in the months of February and March, 2017. For each season 10 water samples were collected from each of the three water sources. i.e. Tap water, Urban ground water sources and Rural ground water sources. Heavy metal analysis was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).Results: This study revealed that the concentrations of Iron, Manganese, Lead, Nickel and Arsenic were beyond maximum permissible levels in various water sources. Combined averages for both dry and wet seasons were as follows: Iron: 2.3, Copper: 0.63, Cobalt: 0.02, Manganese: 0.36, Lead: 0.04, Zinc:3.2, Nickel: 0.03, Arsenic: 0.05. Chromium and Cadmium were below detection limit in all water samples. The median concentrations of iron, arsenic, copper, manganese in drinking water from the Tap, rural and urban ground water sources were different, and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The median concentrations of arsenic, nickel, manganese and cobalt were different between dry and wet season, and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: Sources of heavy metals in water seems to be both natural and from human activities. The concentration of heavy metals in different water sources in this study was found to be above the recommended levels. This calls for improvement in water monitoring to protect the health of the public. Therefore, there is need for continuous monitoring of heavy metals in drinking water sources by regulatory authorities.

scholarly journals Effects of surface gold mining on surface and groundwater bodies in Bibiani, Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
F. N. Gyawu-Asante ◽  
S. Aikins ◽  
R. B. Voegborlo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Dug Wells

A study of the water sources from Bibiani and its environs was conducted between November, 2009 and April, 2010 to determine whether contamination (of water sources) from (these parameters) physical, chemical and trace metal in Bibiani is as a result of mining or geochemicaland biochemical processes within the environment. This was done by collecting water samples from two streams, two rivers, three boreholes (BHs) and three hand dug wells (HDWs). These were analysed in the laboratory. Levels of Arsenic (As), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), pH, TotalDissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Temperature, Alkalinity, Hardness, Phosphate (P) and Cyanide (CN) in water sources were determined. Mining related contaminants detected in water samples were As, CN, Mn and Fe. It was observed that surface water pH values were generally higher than that of groundwater samples. As concentrations in surface water samples were higher compared to that of groundwater samples. Also, CN concentration in ground water samples was higher than that of surface water. Ground water contained higher concentration of Mn than surface water; the opposite can be said of Fe concentration in surfacewater which was higher than that of ground water. The study also observed that pH, TDS, EC, total alkalinity, total hardness , Arsenic and total cyanide levels in the HDW and BH samples showed 100% compliance with the WHO and EPA limits while Mn and Fe levels indicated traces of non – compliance. Compared to WHO / EPA guidelines, few water sources had one or moretrace metal (Fe, As and Mn) levels outside acceptable limits for drinking. However, most of the levels were safe for human consumption.Keywords: Surface, gold mining, quality, degradation, Bibiani

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality Index and Heavy Metal Contents of Underground Water Sources in Doma Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Obaje Daniel Opaluwa ◽  
Yahaya Mohammed ◽  
Suwabat Mamman ◽  
Ademu Tanko Ogah ◽  
Danjuma Ali
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Dug Well

Water quality index and heavy metal contents of underground water sources in Doma Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria was assessed to ascertain the suitability of the water for domestic purpose. Physicochemical parameters; temperature, turbidity, TDS, TSS, pH, EC, total hardness, alkalinity, chloride, nitrate and sulphates in the water samples were determined using standard methods of analysis. The water quality index (WQI) was also evaluated using known standard method. The heavy metal contents were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. The results of the physicochemical analyses shows that in borehole and hand dug well water, the respective mean values were temperature (27.11±0.45 and 27.41±0.55 °C), turbidity (1.51±0.54 and 2.56±1.04 NTU), TDS (230.00±87.75 and 358.67±91.46 mg/dm3), TSS (3.64±1.25 and 4.17±4.17 mg/dm3), pH (5.63±0.69 and 6.60±0.95), EC 277.16 and 296.29±26.52 µS/cm), total hardness (90.00±15.55 and 125.13±16.33 mg/dm3), alkalinity (8.87±.083 and 9.24±1.08 mg/dm3), chloride (20.59±14.62 and 21.22±10.13 mg/dm3, nitrate (0.024±0.04 and 0.01±0.01 mg/dm3) and sulphates (1.05±0.74 and 2.09±0.45 mg/dm3). It was revealed that all the physicochemical parameters for both borehole and hand dug well water had values that were within the standard permissible values recommended by regulatory bodies, NSDWQ and WHO except for the pH of the borehole water which was not within the recommended range and which showed the water to be slightly acidic and which could attributable to the nature of the host rocks. WQI for borehole and hand dug well water were 29.65 and 27.38 respectively with the implication that both water sources presented good water quality for drinking based on the water quality index and water quality status. The results of the heavy metal analyses shows that in borehole and hand dug well water, the respective mean values were Cd (0.003±0.002 and 0.010±0.002 mg/dm3), Cr (0.187±0.075 and 0.19±0.070 mg/dm3), Cu (0.040±0.010 and 0.804±0.805 mg/dm3), Fe (0.500±0.330 and 0.916±0.543 mg/dm3), Pb (0.010±0.010 and 0.015±0.007 mg/dm3) and Zn (0.290±0.120 and 0.072±0.072 mg/dm3). The results shows that Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn for both borehole and hand dug well water had mean values that were within the standard permissible values recommended by NSDWQ and WHO while Cr and Fe had mean values that were higher and which can be attributed to anthropogenic activities close to the water sources. It is recommended the groundwater in these selected communities be monitored regularly and that there is the need for the water to be treated before use because of those parameters that are off the standards to avoid associated health risks.

scholarly journals Trace Metal Flux in Water of Buriganga River: A GIS Approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Moniruzzaman ◽  
B. Saha ◽  
M. S. Shahariar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Heavy Metals Contamination ◽  
Metal Flux ◽  
Buriganga River

The objective of the study was to explore the seasonal variations in the water of Buriganga River with respect to heavy metals contamination. Water samples were collected six times with an interval of two months starting from June 2010 to April 2011. Collection of samples started at the point of 90o20´12"E and 23o46´25"N, continued towards downstream at an interval of 1 km upto 26 km by using GPS and ended at the point of 90o27'36"E and 23o37'50"N. The spatial database of the collected water samples were built with ARCGIS 9.3.1 as the platform of case study of Buriganga River. Six trace metals viz. cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) were analyzed for water from each sampling points to examine the level of contamination whether it exceed or within the permissible limit. The concentrations of trace metals in water samples were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The concentration range of these trace metals were found 0 to 0.01 mg/L for Cd, 0.46 to 1.19 mg/L for Fe, 0 to 0.38 mg/L for Zn, 0 to 0.074 mg/L for Cu, 0 to 0.098 mg/L for Cr and 0 to 0.074 mg/L for Pb. The study suggested that, concentration of Fe, Cr and Cd in river water were increased during dry season and in some points near Hazaribagh, Zinzira and Sadarghat it crossed the maximum permissible limit for drinking water purposes and irrigation water supply.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10712 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 9-18, 2012 

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS IN DRINKING WATER CONSUMED WITHIN KATSINA METROPOLIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-537
Author(s):  
ABDULRASHID YUSUF ◽  
Abdurrahman Nuraddeen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization

The study involved the analysis of some selected heavy metals in drinking water consumed within Katsina Metropolis. The water samples were collected from Ajiwa dam raw water, taps, wells, boreholes, and sachet waters and the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Co, and Ni), was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results obtained from the water analysis indicate that cadmium was not found in all the water samples. The concentrations range for lead were  (6.222-109.63)µg/L with maximum concentration value of 109.63 µg/L in Ajiwa dam raw water, above the World Health Organization (WHO) limit, nickel (0.72-6.99)µg/L with maximum concentration value of 6.99 µg/L in borehole water, within WHO limit, chromium (36-72)µg/L with maximum concentration value of 72 µg/L in well water, above WHO limit, cobalt  (4.758-9.516) µg/L with maximum concentration value of 9.516 µg/L in well water, within WHO limit. The results indicate that most of the concentrations of the heavy metals determined were within the WHO limit, except for chromium in well water which may arises from the Government activities of money recycling and incineration of old bank notes which does not affect other water sources in the area and lead in Ajiwa dam raw water which was further removed through water treatment processes. Moreover, the Analysis of Variance  (ANOVA)  indicate no significant difference in the means of the heavy metals concentrations in all the water samples analyzed, and this may be due to the same physicochemical factors and limited industrial activities in the study area

scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis of Heavy Metals, Physicochemical and Microbial Characteristics to Determine the Water Quality of Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
Waqar Ahmad ◽  
Zafar Iqbal Shams ◽  
Haq Nawaz Abbasi ◽  
Muhammad Afzal Farooq ◽  
Muhammad Usama Zafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Lower Indus Basin

This study was conducted to assess the water quality of the lower Indus Basin, Pakistan. Eighty- two water samples were collected from forty-one locations of lower Indus Basin (Kashmore to Keti-Bander) during pre and post monsoon seasons. The variation pattern in the water quality has been observed in both seasons. The samples were analysed for physical quality (temperature, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, salinity and conductivity), chemical quality (chloride, total alkalinity, total hardness, sulphate, potassium, sodium, iron, zinc, lead, mercury, copper, cadmium and nitrate) and biological quality (coliform bacteria). The study reveals that the concentrations of lead, mercury, and cadmium in water samples during both seasons were slightly higher than the permissible limits, whereas, all other parameters were within WHO guidelines. The higher concentration of heavy metals must be rectified by the concerned authorities in order to protect human health.  

scholarly journals Quality and Safety of Rural Community Drinking Water Sources in Guto Gida District, Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Motuma Tessema Abegaz ◽  
Mulissa Jida Midekssa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Dug Well

The quality of drinking water has always been a major public health concern, especially in developing countries where access to improved water supply and sanitation is very low. This study aimed to assess the bacteriological and physicochemical quality of rural community drinking water sources in the Guto Gida district. A cross-sectional study was conducted in selected rural areas of the district from January to June 2016. Water samples were collected from four types of sources (protected dug well, open dug well, protected spring, and open spring) found in 8 locations of the study area. The membrane filtration technique was employed to determine the total coliform and faecal coliform load of the samples. The physicochemical characteristics such as total dissolved solid (TDS), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, temperature, color, iron, manganese, lead, fluoride, zinc, sulphate, nitrate, and phosphate were analyzed following the American Public Health Association and WHO standard protocols. Our results revealed that 90.6% and 87.5% of water samples were positive for total coliform and faecal coliform, respectively. Thus, the majority of the studied water sources could be classified as polluted with respect to coliform load. Our results also have shown that most of the water sources showed marginally tolerable quality with respect to color, EC, TDS, turbidity, nitrate, sulphate, and phosphate. However, the protected sources had poor quality in zinc, lead, iron, manganese, and pH with values above the permissible levels. Thus, the drinking water source quality of the study areas requires appropriate interventions such as improving the existing water source infrastructure and access to sanitation services.

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality Analysis in Nusakambangan Groundwater Basin/Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 04024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Triadi Putranto ◽  
Adrian Hanenda Qadarisman ◽  
Narulita Santi ◽  
Najib Najib
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Deep Well ◽  
Groundwater Basin ◽  
Dug Well

Nusakambangan groundwater basin is located in Nusakambangan Island, Cilacap Regency. Sea and swamp-bound the research area and there is no deep well, and the only one dug well available. This condition encourages the community to collect water from a pool of karst cave which unproven water quality. The study purpose is to determine the water feasibility at interest point as drinking water. The methods were hydrogeological field campaign by collecting 33 water sampling from pools and one sample from dug well to analyse physical and chemical properties as well as calculating the Water Quality Index (WQI). The results show the physical properties of water samples are having a relatively colourless but brownish in some samples, odourless, and a salty taste. The chemical properties indicated that the pH of water samples are ranging from 6,95 to 8,06 with the electrical conductivity (EC) start from 350 to 38,800 µS/cm. Moreover, the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) have a value from 216 to 21,800 mg/L with the total hardness is around 134-5,395 mg/L. The water types are Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Na-Cl. Based on WQI analysis, there are 13 unfeasible samples for drinking water in the south-east of Klaces village, in the western of Ujunggalang village, and in the Eastern of Tambakreja village.

scholarly journals DESMIDS BIODIVERSITY IN FRESHWATER PONDS OF DISTRICT NAGAUR, WESTERN RAJASTHAN INDIA: A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-377
Author(s):  
Abhilasha Choudhary ◽  
◽  
Moolchand Mali ◽  
Ranveer Singh ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Freshwater Ponds ◽  
High Calcium

The present study was carried out to investigate the desmids biodiversity in traditional freshwater reservoirs of Nagaur district, Western Rajasthan, India. The samples were collected in January 2021 from the freshwater small ponds which harvests rainwater located in and around Nagaur city. These samples were analyzed by following the standard method prescribed by A.P.H.A for assessing the various physicochemical parameters such as pH, TDS, Fluoride, Nitrate, Chloride, total alkalinity, and total hardness to check drinking water quality and for ecological assessment. Furthermore desmids species-level identification and description have been done with the help of standard literatures and monographs. Results of physicochemical parameters indicate the deteriorating drinking water quality of all four sampling sites. In the present study total of 16 species belong to 5 genera i.e. Netrium, Closterium, Cosmerium, Staurastrum, and Eustrum of desmids have been recorded for the first time from the freshwater ponds located in or around the Nagaur city. The higher biodiversity of Closterium and Cosmarium species at Jhada talab confirm its significant relationship with high calcium and nutrient-rich water quality. While low biodiversity of desmids at remaining all village ponds indicates that high pH and oligotrophic quality decreases the desmids biodiversity. Results of this study might be helpful to assess the geographic distribution of desmids flora of Nagaur district and establish water quality of protected freshwater habitats as well as in updating the list of current species of desmids in this sub-region.

scholarly journals Assessment of water quality around coal-fired thermal power plant, Bathinda (Punjab), India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 915-924
Author(s):  
Savita Verma ◽  
Anju .
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters

In the present study, both the underground and surface water samples around Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Power Plant Bathinda, Punjab, having total installed capacity of 440MW, were analyzed for the physico-chemical parameters viz. pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Total Alkalinity (TA), Carbonate (CO32-), Bicarbonate (HCO3-), Chloride (Cl-), Phosphate (PO43-), Nitrate (NO3-), Fluoride (F-) and heavy metals such as Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Lead(Pb), Nickel (Ni) and Zinc (Zn). The correlation coefficients (r) among various water quality parameters of studied underground water samples were calculated. The physical and chemical parameters of groundwater are compared with the drinking water quality standards recommended by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) (2012) and World Health Organization (WHO) (2017). On the basis of results obtained in the present study, concentration of Chloride (Cl-), Magnesium (Mg2+), Fluoride (F-) and Total  dissolved solids (TDS) observed in ground water of Bathinda varied from 30 to 284 mg/l, 120 to 280 mg/l, 2.66-3.99 mg/l and 620-1439 mg/l, respectively which are exceeding the acceptable limits prescribed by WHO (2017) as well as BIS (2012). Also, the concentration of heavy metals viz. cadmium (0.366 to 0.437 mg/l), and lead (0.193 to 0.353 mg/l) have higher levels than prescribed by WHO and BIS for drinking purpose. Thus, groundwater is not suitable for drinking purposes with prior treatment.

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