scholarly journals Effects of surface gold mining on surface and groundwater bodies in Bibiani, Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
F. N. Gyawu-Asante ◽  
S. Aikins ◽  
R. B. Voegborlo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Dug Wells

A study of the water sources from Bibiani and its environs was conducted between November, 2009 and April, 2010 to determine whether contamination (of water sources) from (these parameters) physical, chemical and trace metal in Bibiani is as a result of mining or geochemicaland biochemical processes within the environment. This was done by collecting water samples from two streams, two rivers, three boreholes (BHs) and three hand dug wells (HDWs). These were analysed in the laboratory. Levels of Arsenic (As), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), pH, TotalDissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Temperature, Alkalinity, Hardness, Phosphate (P) and Cyanide (CN) in water sources were determined. Mining related contaminants detected in water samples were As, CN, Mn and Fe. It was observed that surface water pH values were generally higher than that of groundwater samples. As concentrations in surface water samples were higher compared to that of groundwater samples. Also, CN concentration in ground water samples was higher than that of surface water. Ground water contained higher concentration of Mn than surface water; the opposite can be said of Fe concentration in surfacewater which was higher than that of ground water. The study also observed that pH, TDS, EC, total alkalinity, total hardness , Arsenic and total cyanide levels in the HDW and BH samples showed 100% compliance with the WHO and EPA limits while Mn and Fe levels indicated traces of non – compliance. Compared to WHO / EPA guidelines, few water sources had one or moretrace metal (Fe, As and Mn) levels outside acceptable limits for drinking. However, most of the levels were safe for human consumption.Keywords: Surface, gold mining, quality, degradation, Bibiani

Chemical Analysis of Ground water in Hinganghat, District Wardha (Ms), India

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-381
Author(s):  
Gajbhiye RG ◽  
Mahakale RG ◽  
Raut RD ◽  
Dhakre MN
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Irrigation Purpose ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Ground water is one of the most useful water sources found in earth. The importance of the chemical analysis underlies the fact that the chemistry of ground water can directly be rated with the source of water, climate and geology of the region. Contamination of such water is responsible for creating health hazards. In this paper chemical analysis of the ground water has been carried out for Hinganghat in Wardha district. The water sample collected from different location in Hinganghat, Wardha (India). The ground water samples were analyzed for the following chemical parameters; pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Alkalinity (TA), Total Hardness (TH), Chloride, Nitrate, Sulphate, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS). The results Obtained shown that it is free from anomalies and suitable for human and cattle consumption as well as irrigation purpose in Hinganghat, Wardha districts, Maharashtra, India.

PHYSICO CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GROUND WATER NEAR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE DUMPING SITES IN ARUMUGANERI, THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TAMILNADU, INDIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Ground water samples in and around from the dumpsite located in Arumuganeri were studied to assess the impact of Municipal solid waste on the ground water resources. Ground water samples were collected from the 5 different bore-wells in and around the dumpsites.The collected water samples were analyzed for parameters of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Alkalinity (TA), Total hardness, chloride and dissolved oxygen. The results were observed in each sample , compared with standards WHO, ICMR, ISI and thus  an  attempt  was  made  to  ascertain  whether  the quality  of  ground  water  is  fit  or  not  for  drinking  and  other  purposes.

scholarly journals Alkalinity of diverse water samples can be altered by mercury preservation and borosilicate vial storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Mos ◽  
Ceylena Holloway ◽  
Brendan P. Kelaher ◽  
Isaac R. Santos ◽  
Symon A. Dworjanyn
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Estuarine Water ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Storage Methods ◽  
And Storage

AbstractWe compared the effects of preservation and storage methods on total alkalinity (AT) of seawater, estuarine water, freshwater, and groundwater samples stored for 0–6 months. Water samples, untreated or treated with HgCl2, 0.45 µm filtration, or filtration plus HgCl2, were stored in polypropylene or borosilicate glass vials for 0, 1, or 6 months. Mean AT of samples treated with HgCl2 was reduced by as much as 49.1 µmol kg−1 (1.3%). Borosilicate glass elevated AT, possibly due to dissolving silicates. There was little change in AT of control and filtered samples stored in polypropylene, except for untreated groundwater (~ 4.1% reduction at 6 months). HgCl2 concentrations of 0.02–0.05% reduced the AT of fresh, estuarine, and ground water samples by as much as 35.5 µmol kg−1 after 1 month, but had little effect on the AT of seawater. Adding glucose as a carbon source for microbial growth resulted in no AT changes in 0.45 µm-filtered samples. We suggest water samples intended for AT analyses can be filtered to 0.45 µm, and stored in polypropylene vials at 4 °C for at least 6 months. Borosilicate glassware and HgCl2 can be avoided to prevent analytical uncertainties and reduce risks related to use of Hg2+.

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality Mapping of an Open Municipal Solid waste Landfill Site

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1323-1327
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Groundwater Samples

The common practice of Municipal solid waste disposal method in developing countries is an unlined landfill dumping site. Due to this the natural resources land, water and air get polluted and also severely affected by the public living around the dumping yard. In this study, Srinivasapuram dumpsite in Thanjavur City Municipal Corporation area, India has been selected to investigate the quality of groundwater. Groundwater samples collected from 25 locations were tested as per standards for physical, chemical characteristics. The classical contour mapping method has been used to detect information from the recorded ground water quality data. Surfer 6.0 software has been used to convert the spatial data into equivalent contour map. Graphical method has been used to decide the area enclosed by each contour line. The water quality standards recommended by BIS and WHO were used to classify the critical regions based on the ground water contamination level. The water quality parameters such as pH value, Electrical conductivity, Total dissolved solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Iron and Fluoride were considered for this analysis and other parameters were not included. All the collected groundwater samples the pH values are within the permissible limit of 6.5-8.5. The Electrical Conductivity vales range between 0.5mho/cm and 5.7mho/cm. The TDS values ranges between 200 and 3024 mg/l. The concentration of TDS is higher than the permissible level of the samples which are nearby the dumping yard as the contour lines are assembling around the dumpsite. The concentration of chlorides in all the samples under investigation is 12.4 to 1316 mg/l. It has been observed that concentration of total hardness (TH) of water samples varies from 118 mg/l to 2070mg/l. The presence of high concentration of iron and fluoride in the water samples adjacent to dumping yard indicate that it would have contaminated by leachate movement from MSW. The contour plots also reveal that the groundwater was contaminated as per the tests conducted for physical and chemical parameters.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Evaluation of Ground and Surface Water of Mohanpur Upazila of Rajshahi District

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
SMA Salam ◽  
MA Mollah ◽  
A Tasnuva ◽  
MR Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Fish Culture ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation

Surface and ground water samples of Mohanpur Upazila of Rajshahi district have been analyzed in order to check its quality especially for drinking, fish culture, irrigation and industrial purposes. The water supplies were analyzed for pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, chloride, hardness, alkalinity, manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As). All water samples were tasteless at the time of collection. pH values for surface water were 7.72-8.61 and those of ground water were 6.87-710; Total hardness for surface water was 112-181 ppm and ground water was 224-400 ppm as CaCO3-; Electrical conductivity (EC) for surface water was 233-645 ?Scm-1 and that of ground water was 750-987?Scm-1. Total dissolved solids (TDS) for surface water were 161.1-451.9 ppm and ground water were 490.7-690.9 ppm. Chloride content for surface water was 81.79-131.78 ppm and ground water was 13.06-57.36 ppm; alkalinity for surface water was 398.21-539.73 ppm HCO3- and ground water was 373.81-495.80 ppm HCO3-; Nitrate for surface water and ground water was 2.10-5.20 ppm and 0.09-2.8 ppm respectively. Concentrations of Pb and As were within the permissible limit. Surface water was suitable for fish culture and agriculture purposes. However, a few water samples were found to be contaminated with Mn and Cd. It is concluded that the quality of ground water in the area is in general good for drinking, agriculture, industrial or domestic purposes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14830 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 275-280 2012

scholarly journals Water quality assessment and physicochemical parameters of groundwater in District Hapur, Uttar Pradesh, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
Udit Mohan ◽  
Randhir Singh ◽  
Prem Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Biological Parameters

The present study investigation of the ground water contamination of Hapur district (U.P.), India has been carried out. The ground water samples were collected from different locations from hand pumps mark II in Hapur district.Water Quality Index (WQI) of drinking water has been assessed by using various physicochemical & biological parameters for the ground wateranalysis. Water samples were analysed using various physicochemical and biological parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solid, Total Hardness, Chloride, Fluoride, Nitrate, Sulphate, Total Acidity, Total Alkalinity, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO)etc. and the results compared with the standards given by WHO, ICMR and BISThe correlation between different parameters was also assessed. The average values of physicochemical and biological parameters were observed as pH 7.86, Electrical conductivity 1206.67mmhos/cm, TH 734.17 mg/l, acidity 352.08 mg/l, total alkalinity 464.17 mg/l, TDS 645.17 mg/l, chloride 85.50mg/l, fluoride 0.77 mg/l, nitrate 45.99 mg/l, sulphate 160.39 mg/l, COD 12.79 mg/l, DO 4.08 mg/l and BOD 1.99 mg/l respectively. The WQI of different blocks of district Hapur reveals that the water quality is poor for drinking and other activities.

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality Determination from hand-dug wells in Ososo Town, Akoko-Edo North Local Government Area Edo State

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-549
Author(s):  
E.G. Maju-Oyovwikowhe ◽  
W.O. Emofurieta
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Edo State

Groundwater is water beneath the surface of the earth. The primary source is precipitation from rain, snow, and hail. Groundwater commonly occurs as water that fills pore spaces between mineral or rock grains in sediments and sedimentary rocks. This study is to evaluate the physiochemical characteristics and selected heavy metal levels of Water from Hand Dug Wells in Ososo in Akoko Edo Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. A total of twenty (20) water samples were collected in very clean containers from twenty (20) hand dug wells in Ososo town, and taken to the laboratory immediately for physical, chemical and heavy metal analysis using standard laboratory techniques. The physical analysis results from the study show that depth to ground water is very shallow. Ph was below 7.5. Conductivity varies from 167.8-2120.00/cm. The temperatures were uniform. The ground water is odorless and tasteless. The amounts of total suspended soil (TSS) in all the samples vary from 10–20 ppm. The total dissolved solid content (TDS) concentration for all the samples varies from 132–1320.00 ppm. Total hardness is soft to moderately hard. Total alkalinity values vary between 3.0 to 18.0 ppm. The phenolphthalein value for the sample tested was zero. Chemical analysis results for the cations shows that Calcium (Ca) is one of the most abundant cations in the entire well water samples with concentration varying from 6.4 – 40.0 mg/L. Magnesium (Mg) concentration vary from 2.0 -9.5 ppm. Dissolved Sodium (Na) content values vary from 17.9- 92.5 mg/L. Chemical analysis results for the anions shows that the concentration of sulphate (SO4) ions varies from 93–125 mg/L. The bicarbonate (CO3) concentration in all samples varies from 25.7–90 mg/L. The dissolved nitrites and nitrates concentrations varies from 5.7 – 9.1. Heavy metals analysis shows the concentrations of copper (CU) in the samples range from 0.1 – 0.5 mg/l. The result of the analysis indicates high values of lead (Pb) in nine samples, but lead was not detected in wells 6 and 7. The values for other wells ranged between 0.1-0.2 mg/l. The values for the concentration of chromium (Cr)range from 0.4 -0.89 mg/l. The values of barium (Ba) range from 0.05- 0.3 mg/l. Result from the heavy mineral analysis for Cadmium (Cd) gave an approximate value of 0.2 and below detectable limit in the other wells. The values of Zinc (Zn) range from 0.8 – 11.4 mg/l. The values of Nickel (Ni) range from 0.1–0.5 mg/l.The hand-dug wells in the study area contain free Carbon IV Oxide and the alkalinity of the well water is entirely due to Bicarbonate ions. Sodium, chloride, bicarbonates, calcium, iron, potassium and magnesium are the most abundant. All the dissolved anions in the well water sample are generally below the recommended maximum limits by WHO. Samples also showed high bacteria load which primarily originated from effluent discharge from pit toilets and waste dumps and can constitute health risk on ingestion. Highly populated areas have groundwater with high concentration of dissolved ions and the converse for areas of low population. From the results of the analysis, conclusion is drawn to the fact that, the groundwater chemistry in the study area has been influenced greatly by human activities than the bedrock geology of the area. It is therefore recommended that well location should be at least, 30 m away from any source of contamination such as soak- ways, adequate treatment must be given to well water such as chlorination, boiling to destroy any bacteria and filtration to remove all unwanted/undesirable constituents that may be present, and a policy on land use planning and urban development to guard against indiscriminate setting of wells within the centre of the village should be established. This study has been able to enhance sustainable water development, since the health of inhabitants in a community depends to a large extent on the quality of groundwater supply.

scholarly journals Assessment of Some Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals in Hand-Dug Well Water Samples of Kafta Humera Woreda, Tigray, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kiros Gebremichail Gebresilasie ◽  
Goitom Gebreyohannes Berhe ◽  
Amanual Hadera Tesfay ◽  
Samuel Estifanos Gebre
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Dug Well

Groundwater is one of the most important sources of drinking water in Kafta Humera Woreda; hence, it is important to assess the quality of these water sources. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of some physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in hand-dug well water sources of Kafta Humera Woreda. The results showed that the physicochemical concentrations of the hand-dug well water samples were given as follows: temperature, 27.67 ± 0.15 to 28.30 ± 0.25°C; pH, 6.90 ± 0.33 to 8.20 ± 0.36; dissolved oxygen, 5.60 ± 0.06 to 6.2 ± 0.04 mg/L; turbidity, 1.67 ± 0.02 to 1.89 ± 0.03 NTU; EC, 148.50 ± 0.89 to 932.00 ± 0.98 μS/cm; TDS, 105.80 ± 0.62 to 664.28 ± 0.70 mg/L; total hardness, 71.80 ± 3.05 to 295.30 ± 2.38 mg/L; total alkalinity, 75 ± 5.0 to 215 ± 5.0 mg/L; calcium, 12.02 ± 0.82 to 75.88 ± 0.93 mg/L; magnesium, 9.80 ± 0.80 to 25.70 ± 0.17 mg/L; potassium, 0.130 ± 0.003 to 0.86 ± 0.04 mg/L; sodium, 2.20 ± 0.16 to 12.75 ± 0.87 mg/L; chloride, 12.86 ± 0.02 to 42.72 ± 0.20 mg/L; sulfate, 17.24 ± 0.96 to 118.67 ± 0.46 mg/L; phosphate, 0.018 ± 0.005 to 0.020 ± 0.002 mg/L; and nitrate, 1.86 ± 0.03 to 5.43 ± 0.06 mg/L. Generally, the concentrations of most physicochemical parameters of the hand-dug well water samples of Kafta Humera Woreda were within the permissible limit of World Health Organization and Ethiopian Standard Agency guideline for drinking water. The statistical Pearson’s correlation analysis on the water quality parameters revealed that all parameters are more or less correlated with each other. Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids of the water samples were found to be significantly correlated with total hardness (r = 0.989), total alkalinity (r = 0.827), calcium (r = 0.988), magnesium (r = 0.881), sodium (r = 0.995), potassium(r = 0.996), chloride (r = 0.998), sulfate (r = 1), and nitrate ions (r = 0.972). Out of the selected seven heavy metals, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Cd, and Pb, only iron was detected in all water samples and its concentration was above the permissible limit of WHO and ESA for drinking water. Therefore, the government should adopt some treatment technologies such as sedimentation and aeration to minimize the concentration of iron for safe drinking the water to the community of Kafta Humera Woreda.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GROUND WATER AND SURFACE WATER IN KOTA REGION, RAJASTHAN, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
NITU SINGH ◽  
FATIMA SULTANA
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Developing Nation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Chloride Sulfate

India is a developing nation and is dependent on its natural resources for growth and development. Water, being one of the vital natural resource, must be used judicially for the sustainable development. Present study focuses on the analysis of physicochemical parameters (pH, Turbidity, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Total dissolved solids, Conductivity, Chloride, Sulfate, Fluoride contents) of ground water and surface water in Kota City (Rajasthan). The study shows the adverse impact of exploitation and urbanization on water resources of Kota City (Rajasthan). Some physicochemical parameters exceed the desirable limits as defined by WHO and Indian Standards in the selected sites. The level of pollution in ground water and surface water of Kota City is increasing due to urbanization.

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