scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer and Multimorbidity Interactions: Clinical Implications

Cardiology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Dean Boudoulas ◽  
Filippos Triposkiadis ◽  
Richard Gumina ◽  
Daniel Addison ◽  
Cezar Iliescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Morbid Conditions

Background: With the aging population, the frequency of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and other morbid conditions are increasing dramatically. In addition, one disease may affect the other leading to a vicious cycle. Summary: With aging, the function of organs and systems of the human body decline including the autoimmune system resulting in a diminished response to various pathogens and a chronic inflammatory process; these changes, in addition to other risk factors, contributes to the development of multiple morbid conditions including CVD and cancer. Multimorbidity in the elderly has become the rule rather than the exception today. Further, this association between CVD and cancer, at least partially, is explained by both diseases sharing common risk factors and from accelerated vascular aging due to cancer and its associated therapies. Multiple studies have shown that the incidence of cancer is much higher in patients with CVD compared to the general population. These associations among CVD, cancer and their connection to systems of the human body provide an opportunity for novel therapies. Development of new drugs should be addressed to focus on multiple systems and not just only to one disease. Further, collecting information from registries and processing large amounts of data using artificial intelligence may assist the clinician when treating an individual patient in the future. Key messages: As the aging population increases, CVD, cancer and multimorbidity will continue to constitute a major health problem in the years to come. The physician who is taking care of such a patient, in addition to knowledge, requires clinical wisdom, clinical experience and common sense in order to apply the continuous evolving knowledge to the individual patient.

scholarly journals Age and oral health: current considerations

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (spe) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Tawse-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Preventive Program ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Complex Scenario

Dental plaque is still considered the main etiological factor for periodontal diseases. Our understanding of periodontal disease has advanced from the previous concepts where gingivitis slowly progressed to periodontitis to a more complex scenario that correlates several risk factors in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Among these factors, age has been associated with increased rates of periodontal disease as the population gets older. Although the loss of alveolar bone and periodontal attachment is common in the elderly population, and there is evident age-related changes in the periodontium, severe periodontitis is not a natural consequence of ageing. The importance of identifying the risk factors that participate in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease at an early phase, both of the individual and the disease, as well as evaluating the capacity of the individual to control dental plaque will enable the implementation of an adequate preventive program, where the needs and limitations of the individual are considered to specifically tailor the oral hygiene procedures and the mouthwashes to be used.

Risk ratios and risk differences in estimating the effect of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the elderly

1990 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 961-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce M. Psaty ◽  
Thomas D. Koepsell ◽  
Teri A. Manolio ◽  
W.T. Longstreth ◽  
Edward H. Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Risk Ratios

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Cognition in the Elderly

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. Leritz ◽  
Regina E. McGlinchey ◽  
Ida Kellison ◽  
James L. Rudolph ◽  
William P. Milberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly in Taiwan

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herng-Chia Chiu ◽  
Lih-Wen Mau ◽  
Yong-Yuan Chang ◽  
Hsing-Yi Chang ◽  
Ti-Kai Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
The Elderly

The Uncertainty of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Calculation—What is the Best Risk Model for the Individual?

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. LaFleur ◽  
Laura S. Goshko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
The Individual

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be a leading cause of death. Accordingly, risk models attempt to predict an individual's probability of developing the disease. Risk models are incorporated into calculators to determine the risk for a number of clinical conditions, including the ten-year risk of developing CVD. There is significant variability in the published models in terms of how the clinical measurements are converted to risk factors as well as the specific population used to determine b-weights of these risk factors. Adding to model variability is the fact that numbers are an imperfect representation of a person's health status. Acknowledgment of uncertainty must be addressed for reliable clinical decision-making. This paper analyzes 35 published risk calculators and then generalizes them into one “Super Risk formula” to form a common basis for uncertainty calculations to determine the best risk model to use for an individual. Special error arithmetic, the duals method, is used to faithfully propagate error from model parameters, population averages and patient-specific clinical measures to one risk number and its relative uncertainty. A set of sample patients show that the “best model” is specific to the individual and no one model is appropriate for every patient.

scholarly journals Nurse knowledge about potentially inappropriate medications for elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. e37037
Author(s):  
Gabriela Garcia Soares ◽  
Ana Luisa Zanardo Buso ◽  
Bruna Stephanie Sousa Malaquias ◽  
Rodrigo Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Juliana Maria Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Potentially Inappropriate Medications ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elderly Health ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Inappropriate Medications

Due to the consequences of changes in fertility and mortality rates, there is an increase in population aging. In this context, the use of potentially inappropriate medications in this population makes nurses important agents in the identification of adverse reactions, requiring their knowledge about these drugs and their effects. The study aimed to verify nurses knowledge about the 2015 AGS BeersCriteria, regarding the potentially inappropriate medications for the elderly, and their adverse effects. It is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study with a quantitative and qualitative approach performed in a teaching hospital in the Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais. Of the 80 professionals, 74.1% reported attending the elderly frequently, and only 3.8% had a specialization course in elderly health. Only 13.8% reported knowing the Beers Criteria. And 69% believe that adverse drug reactions can be confused as a new symptom and because of this, new drugs can be inserted into the therapeutic plan. Three categories emerged: The importance of assertive knowledge about PIMs, The nurse as a fundamental character in ADR, and Knowledge as a reinforcer of care. There is evidence of the need to train nurses to better identify adverse drug reactions so that they can act on these events avoiding the worsening of the individual.

scholarly journals Caffeine as a Factor Influencing the Functioning of the Human Body—Friend or Foe?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3088
Author(s):  
Kamil Rodak ◽  
Izabela Kokot ◽  
Ewa Maria Kratz
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Disease Entities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays, caffeine is one of the most commonly consumed substances, which presents in many plants and products. It has both positive and negative effects on the human body, and its activity concerns a variety of systems including the central nervous system, immune system, digestive system, respiratory system, urinary tract, etc. These effects are dependent on quantity, the type of product in which caffeine is contained, and also on the individual differences among people (sex, age, diet etc.). The main aim of this review was to collect, present, and analyze the available information including the latest discoveries on the impact of caffeine on human health and the functioning of human body systems, taking into account the role of caffeine in individual disease entities. We present both the positive and negative sides of caffeine consumption and the healing properties of this purine alkaloid in diseases such as asthma, Parkinson’s disease, and others, not forgetting about the negative effects of excess caffeine (e.g., in people with hypertension, children, adolescents, and the elderly). In summary, we can conclude, however, that caffeine has a multi-directional influence on various organs of the human body, and because of its anti-oxidative properties, it was, and still is, an interesting topic for research studies including those aimed at developing new therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Elderly in Guguak Kabupaten 50 Kota, West Sumatera, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Debie Anggraini ◽  
Prima Adelin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Low Hdl

<p class="Default"><strong><em>Introduction</em></strong><em>: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. The most stringent primary CVD screening guidelines in developed countries use absolute CVD risk scores or coronary heart disease, such as Framingham or SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) there are two types of CVD risk factors namely modifiable risk factors and unmodified risk factors. <strong>The aim</strong> of the current study is to determine the profil of potentially modifiable and unmodified cardiovascular risk factors. <strong>Method</strong>: </em><em>This research consists of 41 elderly people which aged ≥ 60 years in Guguak, Kabupaten 50 Kota, West Sumatera, Indonesia. The data taken is modifiable risk factors consisting of diseases related risk factors </em><em>including blood pressure categories, lipid profile, central obesity, body mass index </em><em>and lifestyle related risk factors such as </em><em>smoking habit</em><em>. We also take data of unmodified risk factors such as age and gender</em><em>. <strong>The result</strong>: t</em><em>his study consists of 41 elderly people which aged ≥ 60 years in Guguak, Kabupaten 50 Kota, West Sumatera, Indonesia. The mean age of  elderly were 68</em><em>±</em><em>7.64861 years old that consisting of 29.3% men and 70.7% women, </em><em>34% of elderly with hypertension, the elderly with hypercholesterolemia 71%, hypertriglyceridemia 41%, and the elderly women with low HDL-C levels were 53%,  the elderly men with low HDL-C levels were 92%. <strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>: </strong>There are two types of risk factors CVD, modifiable risk factors and nonmodifiable risk factors. </em><em>The modifiable risk factors consisting of diseases related risk factors </em><em>including blood pressure categories, lipid profile, central obesity, body mass index </em><em>and lifestyle related risk factors such as </em><em>smoking habit.</em></p>

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