scholarly journals Counting methods introduced into the bibliometric research literature 1970 – 2018: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-52
Author(s):  
Marianne Gauffriau
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Mathematical Properties ◽  
Counting Methods ◽  
Bibliometric Research ◽  
Object Of Study

Abstract This review investigates 1) the number of unique counting methods, 2) to what extent counting methods can be categorized according to selected characteristics, 3) methods and elements to assess the internal validity of counting methods, and 4) to what extent and with which characteristics counting methods are used in research evaluations. The review identifies 32 counting methods introduced 1981 – 2018. Two frameworks categorize these counting methods. Framework 1 describes selected mathematical properties, and Framework 2 describes arguments for choosing a counting method. Twenty of the 32 counting methods are rank-dependent, fractionalized, and introduced to measure contribution, participation, etc. of an object of study. Next, three criteria for internal validity are used to identify five methods that test the adequacy, two elements that test the sensitivity, and three elements that test the homogeneity of counting methods. Finally, a literature search finds that only three of the 32 counting methods are used by four research evaluations or more. Two counting methods are used with the same characteristics as defined in the studies that introduced the counting methods. The review provides a detailed foundation for working with counting methods, and many of the findings provide bases for future investigations of counting methods. Peer Review https://publons.com/publon/10.1162/qss_a_00141

scholarly journals Low-Rank and Sparse Based Deep-Fusion Convolutional Neural Network for Crowd Counting

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siqi Tang ◽  
Zhisong Pan ◽  
Xingyu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Direct Integral ◽  
Crowd Counting ◽  
Counting Methods ◽  
Density Map

This paper proposes an accurate crowd counting method based on convolutional neural network and low-rank and sparse structure. To this end, we firstly propose an effective deep-fusion convolutional neural network to promote the density map regression accuracy. Furthermore, we figure out that most of the existing CNN based crowd counting methods obtain overall counting by direct integral of estimated density map, which limits the accuracy of counting. Instead of direct integral, we adopt a regression method based on low-rank and sparse penalty to promote accuracy of the projection from density map to global counting. Experiments demonstrate the importance of such regression process on promoting the crowd counting performance. The proposed low-rank and sparse based deep-fusion convolutional neural network (LFCNN) outperforms existing crowd counting methods and achieves the state-of-the-art performance.

scholarly journals Appraising clinical applicability of studies: mapping and synthesis of current frameworks, and proposal of the FrACAS framework and VICORT checklist

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quoc Dinh Nguyen ◽  
Erica M. Moodie ◽  
Philippe Desmarais ◽  
Robert Goulden ◽  
Marie-France Forget ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Clinical Perspective ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Clinical Applicability ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Target User ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Framework Development

Abstract Background Not all research findings are translated to clinical practice. Reasons for lack of applicability are varied, and multiple frameworks and criteria exist to appraise the general applicability of epidemiological and clinical research. In this two-part study, we identify, map, and synthesize frameworks and criteria; we develop a framework to assist clinicians to appraise applicability specifically from a clinical perspective. Methods We conducted a literature search in PubMed and Embase to identify frameworks appraising applicability of study results. Conceptual thematic analysis was used to synthesize frameworks and criteria. We carried out a framework development process integrating contemporary debates in epidemiology, findings from the literature search and synthesis, iterative pilot-testing, and brainstorming and consensus discussions to propose a concise framework to appraise clinical applicability. Results Of the 4622 references retrieved, we identified 26 unique frameworks featuring 21 criteria. Frameworks and criteria varied by scope and level of aggregation of the evidence appraised, target user, and specific area of applicability (internal validity, clinical applicability, external validity, and system applicability). Our proposed Framework Appraising the Clinical Applicability of Studies (FrACAS) classifies studies in three domains (research, practice informing, and practice changing) by examining six criteria sequentially: Validity, Indication-informativeness, Clinical relevance, Originality, Risk-benefit comprehensiveness, and Transposability (VICORT checklist). Conclusions Existing frameworks to applicability vary by scope, target user, and area of applicability. We introduce FrACAS to specifically assess applicability from a clinical perspective. Our framework can be used as a tool for the design, appraisal, and interpretation of epidemiological and clinical studies.

scholarly journals A universal, damage-criterion-independent cycle counting method for multiaxial and variable amplitude fatigue

2019 ◽  
Vol 300 ◽  
pp. 17004
Author(s):  
K.G. F. Janssens
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Multiaxial Fatigue ◽  
Mean Stress ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Damage Criterion ◽  
Variable Amplitude ◽  
Counting Procedure ◽  
Counting Methods ◽  
Set Up

None of the procedures for cycle-counting defined in the ASTM document with designation E1049-85 (Reapproved 2017) [1] are generally applicable to non-proportional, multi-axial Fatigue. In addition, as the concepts of amplitude and mean stress are defined per cycle, their values are dependent (or co-define) the cycle counting method. This poses an obvious problem to the analysis of non-proportional, multi-axial fatigue damage, as lifetime is, not in all but in many cases, an amplitude and mean stress dependent material property. Most of the newer cycle counting methods developed till date are at least inspired by the works of Wang & Brown [2] and of Bannantine & Socie [3], both of which are themselves still frequently used. Being built inspired by counting methods developed for uniaxial cycling, all of the approaches to date known to this author are limited in a way that is very well phrased by Anes et al [4], whom, on page 79 of their article, write that (quote): The damage criterion is the base stone to set up random fatigue. The damage parameter must capture the fatigue damage behavior to allow set up a cycle counting method and an accumulation model. Challenging this statement, a new cycle counting procedure is presented that is completely independent of the damage criterion, and universally works from the simplest uniaxial experiment, to the most complex, variable amplitude and frequency, non-proportional multiaxial fatigue loading. The definition of this new cycle counting concept is surprisingly simple. Despite of its simplicity, the new cycle counting procedure has different advantages when compared to the procedures known to date. Its standalone definition, allows it to be combined with any damage criterion. It does not require periodicity of the loading cycle, and can therefore be straightforwardly used to analyze variable frequency and amplitude, multiaxial fatigue loading.

Prison Impact Studies: Some Comments on Methodological Rigor

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn D. McShane ◽  
Frank P. Williams ◽  
Carl P. Wagoner
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Impact Studies ◽  
Threats To Validity ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
Good Research ◽  
Made In

Many pronouncements have been made in the process of site selection for new prisons. A review of the research literature on the effect of prisons on communities reveals that most of this information is unsupported by good research design. This essay presents a critique of the methodological and research design problems of prison impact studies. Various threats to validity are explored and two complementary methodologies, a single-site time series and multisite time series, are proposed for prison impact studies. Strict attention to internal-validity concerns will provide better answers to causal mechanisms and outcomes than is currently the case.

scholarly journals Open access information as a platform for sustainable development

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neethu Mohanan ◽  
S. Thanuskodi
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Copyright Holder ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Scholarly Journals ◽  
Journal Editors ◽  
Access Information ◽  
Carry Over

Open Access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions, what make it possible are the internet and the consent of the author or copyright holder. In most fields, scholarly journals do not pay authors, who can, therefore, consent to OA without losing revenue. In this respect, scholars and scientists are very differently situated from most musicians and movie-makers, and controversies about open access to music and movies do not carry over to research literature. Open access is entirely compatible with peer review, and all the major open access initiatives for scientific and scholarly literature insist on its importance, just as authors of journal articles donate their labor, journal editors and referees participating in peer review. The study shows that out of 456 respondents considered for the study 203 [44.5%] belongs to Arts, 169 [37.1%] belongs to Science, 33 [7.2%] Education and 51 [11.2%] belongs to Management. The findings of the study also shows that out of 456 respondents considered for the study among which 81 [17.8%] belongs to M. Phil programme, 102 [22.4%] belongs to Ph.D. Programme and 273 [59.9%] are faculty members.

What Exactly Is “Complicated” Grief? A Scoping Research Literature Review to Understand Its Risk Factors and Prevalence

2020 ◽  
pp. 003022282097730
Author(s):  
Donna M. Wilson ◽  
Elizabeth M. Darko ◽  
Elizabeth Kusi-Appiah ◽  
Sophia J. Roh ◽  
Arnel Ramic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Scoping Literature Review

Most people will experience bereavement grief, but some suffer from persistent or prolonged (PoP) grief, grief that used to be identified as “complicated” before recent DSM-5 and ICD-11 definitional developments. In 2020, a scoping literature review was undertaken to identify and consolidate contemporary evidence from research articles published in 2018 or 2019 in paper-based and open access peer-review journals on: (a) the incidence or prevalence of PoP grief, and (b) who develops it or is diagnosed as suffering from it, and correspondingly what causative factors or predictors are associated with PoP grief. All of the 11 identified research articles reported an incidence or prevalence rate, with these varying greatly, but with a much higher rate now that a 6-month post-death measurement timeframe is used. The predictors or factors among people who were identified as having PoP grief also varied considerably, although sudden and unexpected deaths were often implicated.

Grading Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors by Ki-67 Index Evaluated on Fine-Needle Aspiration Cell Block Material

2019 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Abi-Raad ◽  
John-Paul Lavik ◽  
Andrea L Barbieri ◽  
Xuchen Zhang ◽  
Adebowale J Adeniran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Cell Block ◽  
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Counting Methods

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to determine whether Ki-67 index evaluated on cytologic material could reliably grade pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs). Methods Cases with adequate cell block and available surgical specimens were included. Ki-67 index was calculated using “eyeballing,” “hot spot,” and “complete” counting methods. Results The overall concordance rates between cytology and surgical specimens were 71%, 73%, and 59%, respectively, by using eyeballing, hot spot, and complete counting approaches. All grade 1 tumors were correctly graded on cytology, but in grade 2 tumors concordance rates were only 36%, 41%, and 9%, respectively. All grade 2 tumors were undergraded when cell blocks contained fewer than 1,000 cells, while concordance rate increased to 57%, 64%, and 14%, respectively, in cases with 1,000 cells or more. Conclusions Grade 2 PanNETs can be significantly undergraded when Ki-67 index is evaluated on cell block material. In cases with 1,000 or more cells, the hot spot counting method has better correlation with surgical specimens.

scholarly journals Linguistic support of library IPS of the National Library of Ukraine named after Yaroslav the Wise: analysis of scientific and methodological activities of the applied unit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Kyrylenko
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
National Library ◽  
Linguistic Support ◽  
Retrieval Systems ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Information Retrieval Systems ◽  
Bibliometric Research ◽  
Object Of Study

The purpose of the article is to analyze traditional quantitative bibliometric indicators to assess theresults of scientific and methodological activities of the Department of Linguistic Support of InformationSearch Systems of the Yaroslav Mudryi National Library of Ukraine for 2017-2021, present quantitative andqualitative characteristics of this area of research. The methodological basis is centered the representationof scientific and methodological activities of the National Library is bibliometric analysis, which involves thestudy of basic statistical and bibliographic indicators of a particular area of rk with quantitative, qualitativedata, information analysis, and synthesis of semantic features of content and bibliographic data. The scientificnovelty consists in the complex bibliometric analysis of the scientific and methodical activity of the applieddepartment of the National Library and estimation of own potential and definition of prospects of developmentof this direction of activity of division. Conclusions. Solving applied problems of linguistic support of libraryinformation retrieval systems is accompanied by appropriate scientific and methodological activities. Byrepresenting the main object of study in bibliometric research is the dynamics of publishing activity in agiven period, the published works of specialists of the department were grouped by characteristics: authors,thematic sections, types of publications, periodicals, and more. One of the areas of bibliometric research wasthe separation of the total number of publications that are co-authored and created in collaboration withexperts from other institutions. In general, the material presented in the article allows identifying problematicaspects of scientific and methodological activities of the applied department of the library and promisingareas of development in the linguistic support of library information retrieval systems. The use of bibliometricanalysis techniques for certain areas of library work contributes to the improvement of management processesin applied areas of libraries.Keywords: library, information retrieval systems, linguistic support, scientific and methodical activity,bibliometric analysis.

scholarly journals Player Types: A Meta-synthesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juho Hamari ◽  
Janne Tuunanen
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Behavioral Variables

This paper investigates different ways in which players have been typified in past research literature in order to distinguish relevant typologies for further research as well as for designing and marketing of games. The goal is to synthesize the results of various studies and to find the prevailing concepts, compare them, and draw implications to further studies. The research process for this study proceeded from a literature search, to author-centric (Webster & Watson 2002) identification and categorization of previous works based on the established larger factors such as demographic, psychographic and behavioral variables. The previous works on player typologies were further analyzed using concept-centric approach and synthesized according to common and repeating factors in the previous studies. The results indicate that player types in previous literature can be synthesized into seven primary dimensions: Intensity, Achievement, Exploration, Sociability, Domination, Immersion and In-game demographics.

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