scholarly journals Small Business and Social Irresponsibility in Developing Countries: Working Conditions and “Evasion” Institutional Work

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1301-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Soundararajan ◽  
Laura J. Spence ◽  
Chris Rees
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Global Supply Chains ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Institutional Work ◽  
Perspective Drawing ◽  
Labor Welfare

Small businesses in developing countries, as part of global supply chains, are sometimes assumed to respond in a straightforward manner to institutional demands for improved working conditions. This article problematizes this perspective. Drawing upon extensive qualitative data from Tirupur’s knitwear export industry in India, we highlight owner-managers’ agency in avoiding or circumventing these demands. The small businesses here actively engage in irresponsible business practices and “evasion” institutional work to disrupt institutional demands in three ways: undermining assumptions and values, dissociating consequences, and accumulating autonomy and political strength. This “evasion” work is supported by three conditions: void (in labor welfare mechanisms), distance (from institutional monitors), and contradictions (between value systems). Through detailed empirical findings, the article contributes to research on both small business social responsibility and institutional work.

Economic Identities

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-45
Author(s):  
Courtney Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Business Ownership ◽  
Local Movement

Sorting out the diversity of small businesses and small- business practices begins with two seemingly simple but central questions: Who owns these businesses, and what markets do they serve? To delve into these questions, this chapter begins by examining the contextual distinctiveness of American Indians’ economic identities and their related experiences, especially in the context of capitalism. Addressing these constructions helps refine our theoretical understandings of what has been termed Indigenous entrepreneurship by following how the external shaping of Indigenous economic identity has hindered its representation as well as its expression. Family business ownership is highlighted here, followed by an examination of issues for tourism businesses, including buffering for privacy as well as complications of the “Buy Local” movement for tourism-based businesses.

scholarly journals Domestic saving mobilisation and small business creation: The case of Cameroon

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
LC Forje
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Domestic Saving ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Business Creation ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Creation

Promoting savings and providing a basis for lending to the poor is a growing concern in many developing countries. Cameroon has a culture of savings mobilisation known as njangi/tontine. The njangi is contributions given to members in a rotating form at the end of every sitting, and tontine is voluntary savings held by the group. This study reveals that njangi/tontine groups only lend money to group members and suggests that a micro village bank known as MC2 could be used as guarantor to ensure that group monies lent to non-group members are repaid. Encouragement and improvement in the function of such voluntary savings could promote the creation of small businesses in the country.  The Cameroonian government needs to improve fighting corruption and a functional justice system to ensure security.  

scholarly journals Small Business and Their Challenges During COVID-19 Pandemic in Developing Countries; in Case of Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abriham Ebabu Engidaw
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Secondary Data Analysis ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Government

Abstract The main objective of this study was to demonstrate the challenges of small businesses during corona virus pandemic in developing countries specifically in Ethiopia. Methodologically, the study deployed secondary data analysis followed descriptive research design. Also, this study was conducted through both qualitative and quantitative research approach. The secondary data analysis result shows that many small and large businesses are suffering challenges and this unprecedented coronavirus crisis has caused destruction for many businesses in the globe and it is challenging to survive with reduced revenue, jobs lost and life slowing down and weak marketing performance even difficult to keep a calm head and their business alive. To support these businesses the government should use different mechanisms by cooperating with wealthy peoples and other non-governmental organizations. Besides, the small business owners should manage expectations and communicate with staff, suppliers, banks, and customers throughout this coronavirus frightening. Reduce expenses, be open to their employees about their finances and keep marketing, use different alternatives to deliver their product and recover from the crisis.

scholarly journals Corporate Social Responsibility in Global Supply Chains: Deeds Not Words

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3675
Author(s):  
Holger Görg ◽  
Aoife Hanley ◽  
Adnan Seric
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Global Supply Chains ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Ceteris Paribus ◽  
Corporate Social

The disconnect between the lofty aspirations of firms claiming Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and their shortcomings in practice have caused some observers to question its usefulness. The fallout from events like the Rana Plaza catastrophe has highlighted some of these shortcomings—namely, deficiencies in how multinational enterprises (MNEs) transact with suppliers in developing countries. Specifically, our paper aims to investigate whether or not MNEs behave hypocritically by examining the alignment of CSR to business practices in MNE affiliates in developing countries. To answer this question, we apply standard ordinary least squares (OLS) techniques to data for over 1000 MNEs that claim to have a CSR ethos. We find that CSR-active enterprises report significantly higher worker wages, ceteris paribus. Local African suppliers benefit from CSR through knowledge transfer, but only when MNEs make tangible investments in supplier development.

Small Business Cash Management Practices

1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Cooley ◽  
Richard J. Pullen
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Fortune 500 ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Cash Management ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
Small Companies

Cash forecasting, investing, and controlling are three basic elements of a cash management program. Surveys of Fortune 500 firms reveal large firms having considerable sophistication in dealing with these cash management activities. Small-business practices probably differ from those of large firms due to time contraints, financial limitations, or lack of awareness. The following article reports on the cash management practices of 122 small businesses engaged in petroleum marketing. Although some deficiencies in cash forecasting and investing are noted, the small companies appear quite sophisticated in controlling their cash flows.

scholarly journals E-Business Strategy in Developing Countries: A Framework and Checklist for the Small Business Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7356
Author(s):  
Martin Wynn ◽  
Olakunle Olayinka
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Business Systems ◽  
Online Trading

Since the turn of the century, there has been a growth in the use of e-business by both large and small companies worldwide, a trend that has been given further impetus by the move to online trading in the COVID-19 pandemic era. For small companies, there are the potential benefits of increased efficiencies and market share gain, associated with the re-engineering of selling and marketing processes; but in developing countries, such as Nigeria, research into how small businesses are using e-business systems and technologies is limited. This article builds upon earlier case study research in the Nigerian small business sector to develop a framework for e-business strategy development, implementation and review. Using an inductive approach, data was collected from six small businesses, using interviews and questionnaires, to profile the e-business operations of these companies. This study found that e-business strategy was generally lacking in these companies, but interview material was used to support the development and validation of the strategy framework, which provides a process and a checklist for small businesses pursuing e-business initiatives in developing world environments.

Parallel between the Economic Destabilization and the Creation of Safe Working Conditions in the Subjects of Small Business Entities in the Republic of Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
K.A. Atabaev ◽  
◽  
L.I. Petrosova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Management System ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
The Republic

Small business plays a significant role in the economy of the state and in providing employment for the population. This is confirmed by the statistical indicators of the share of small business in the gross domestic product of the Republic of Uzbekistan over the past 5 years — in 2020 it reached 48 %, while the share of employment in the small business sector was 68 %. Considering that the small business sector during the pandemic often escaped the attention of the state control over working conditions, it can be concluded that a significant part of the small business employees works in potentially unsafe conditions. The main economic and social problems in the sphere of small and medium-sized businesses, directly or indirectly affecting occupational safety are considered in the article. Analysis of the statistical data revealed the dependence between the economic destabilization, and an increase in incidents: their growth in 2020 amounted to almost 50 % in relation to 2019. It is concluded that forcing small businesses to work in accordance with the international codes and the current Occupational safety and health management system in the event of a crisis is inappropriate. Proposals were formulated on transforming the work of such enterprises, considering their capabilities, in three stages: mass audit of Occupational safety and health management system of small enterprises considering their structural and target differences; systematization of occupational safety management processes in the small businesses; introduction of Occupational safety and health management system as the main anti-crisis measure for the small businesses.

Barriers to E-Commerce Adoption in SMEs

2011 ◽  
pp. 256-276
Author(s):  
Robert C. MacGregor
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Small Business Owners ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research Studies

It has long been known that small businesses have realised enhanced profits through the adoption of ecommerce. However, a number of recent studies have suggested that it is the larger businesses that are reaping the rewards of e-commerce rather than the smaller businesses. This slow growth of e-commerce adoption in SMEs has been attributed to various adoption barriers that are faced by small business owners/managers. These barriers have been well documented in numerous research studies. However, the relationship between these barriers has not been fully examined, particularly in developing countries. Of particular concern is the fact that the conclusions concerning the nature and role of barriers to e-commerce adoption have simply been transferred from studies in developed economies to those in developing ones. 96 non-adopting SMEs in Indonesia are compared to 129 in Sweden to determine whether the perception of importance of barriers differs between the two locations. The data is also analysed to determine whether the underlying factors of these barriers differs across the two locations.

scholarly journals Features of the work of small innovative enterprises on the basis of military institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-417
Author(s):  
V. V. Pekhterev
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
New Business ◽  
Small Industry ◽  
Military Institutions

The importance of this article need to develop a new approach to small business management. The emergence of new business practices requires a review of existing business management systems or the acquisition of new unique management skills. This article highlights the key differences between small industry and humanity and highlights the key aspects of work that should be considered when working with a small military planning organization. At the end of this work, decisions were made on the priorities in the life of the management of small capable companies, which will contribute to the formation of the management idea of such organizations. The paper shows that in the current economic crisis, the success of small businesses is largely due to the effectiveness of their new development system and the success of the new system in which they operate. Development and implementation by entrepreneurs and scientists of investment projects in the field of science, of production processes in small enterprises, to obtain greater opportunities for competition in international and international markets. The author considers the priorities of opening a small business, points out the problems that small businesses face during transformation, and indicates the best ways to solve emergency situations in the economic sector. The following is the share of organizations engaged in small innovative activities and their profitability over the past ten years. The author reflected the effectiveness of the creation of small innovative enterprises, forming the features of their work, displaying feedback and sources of innovative solutions. As a result, based on the survey data, I concluded that there is a positive trend in the growth of small innovative enterprises based on military institutions.

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