The mechanisms of trust formation under different conditions of political identity: An experiment among Taiwanese voters

2021 ◽  
pp. 001139212110010
Author(s):  
Tien-Tun Yang ◽  
Ray-May Hsung ◽  
Shu-Heng Chen ◽  
Ye-Rong Du ◽  
Yi-Jr Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Presidential Candidate ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Trust Formation ◽  
Three Stages

Trust and cooperation within and between political identity groups are important issues for building a healthy civil society and democratic development. However, this research problem has seldom been analyzed under different political identity conditions by means of experimental design in Taiwan. Presidential elections have reproduced the polarization between two groups of voters supporting different presidential candidates. Therefore, in this article the authors are interested in whether political identity matters in trust exchanges among strangers. This study applies a three-stage trust game experiment to examine how trust is developed within pairs of subjects with either the same or different political identity. In the first stage subjects were randomly matched in pairs as trustor and trustee, and their political identities were not disclosed. In the second stage the pairs were still randomly matched, but each subject was informed of their partner’s political identity. In the final stage each subject could choose the preferred political identity of his/her partner. There were two mechanisms of trust-behavior formation under different identity conditions. The first mechanism was political identity. Supporters of presidential candidate Ma Ying-Jeou were more trustful than supporters of candidate Tsai Ing-Wen. Under the condition of subjects knowing their partner’s political identity, the identity effect became strongly significant in stages 2 and 3 of the experiment, especially for that of the Ma–Ma group. The second mechanism was mutuality. The mutuality effect was very significant in all three stages of the trust experiment, and that effect was stronger for those who voted for Tsai.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Elections and the Rise of Female Representation in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-72
Author(s):  
Luky Sandra Amalia ◽  
Aisah Putri Budiatri ◽  
Mouliza KD. Sweinstani ◽  
Atika Nur Kusumaningtyas ◽  
Esty Ekawati
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Institutional Innovation ◽  
Presidential Candidate ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
Women Candidates ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Legislative Election

In the 2019 election, the proportion of women elected to Indonesia’s People’s Representative Assembly ( Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, DPR) increased significantly to almost 21 per cent. In this article, we ask whether an institutional innovation – the introduction of simultaneous presidential and legislative elections – contributed to this change. We examine the election results, demonstrating that, overall, women candidates did particularly well in provinces where the presidential candidate nominated by their party won a majority of the vote. Having established quantitatively a connection between results of the presidential elections and outcomes for women legislative candidates, we turn to our qualitative findings to seek a mechanism explaining this outcome. We argue that the simultaneous elections helped women candidates by easing their access to voters who supported one of the presidential candidates, but who were undecided on the legislative election. Rather than imposing additional burdens on female candidates, simultaneous elections assisted them.

scholarly journals Media dan Perilaku Pemilih Pemula pada Pilihan Presiden Tahun 2014 di Kabupaten Sidoarjo

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Totok Wahyu Abadi ◽  
Ridlaty Ayu Oktaviana Putri
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Presidential Candidate ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Internet Radio ◽  
The Media

The purpose of this study explained socialization was conducted by electoral commission Sidoarjo Regency and media that is used by the community and its influence on behavior of beginning voters. The basic concept of this research used theory of voter behavior and socialization of psychological aspects as well as theory of media usage. Data collection was done by distributing questionnaires to 99 beginner voter respondents as well as interviews with regional commissioners. Data analysis was performed multiple linear regression analysis and description. The results showed that the socialization conducted by  electoral commission Sidoarjo Regency  Sidoarjo was optimal. Media used for socialization included television, social media (internet), radio, billboards, print media (newspapers and magazines), and workshops / seminars / working meetings. Newbie voters in 2014 presidential elections indicated behavior to participate in presidential elections. The use of communication media and socialization of presidential candidates and vice presidential candidates had an influence on the behavior of novice voters. The influence of these two variables on the beginner behavior is shown by R coefficient of 27.1%. While, the most influential factor on behavior is the media used by novice voters to obtain information, knowledge, and understanding of the presidential candidate.

Candidate death would roil US presidential elections

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Presidential Candidate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Executive Authority

Significance Both leading presidential candidates are at an age where COVID-19 represents a potential mortal threat. Laws and party rules exist to deal with the death of a presidential candidate before an election and up until the inauguration. These would face a stern test if triggered this time. Impacts If anyone other than the leading candidate became president, they would suffer weakened legitimacy. If the winning candidate died before inauguration, both parties would field significantly younger candidates from 2024. Rival foreign powers might try to exploit US distraction if executive authority looked uncertain.

Coordination and presidential coattails

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karleen Jones West ◽  
Jae-Jae Spoon
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Vote Share ◽  
System Level ◽  
Presidential Candidate ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Legislative Representation ◽  
Legislative Vote ◽  
Legislative Parties

Parties often enter pre-election coalitions (PECs) in presidential elections while remaining independent in legislative races. Parties that support a presidential candidate should see legislative gains given the increase in their national electoral profile. Yet fewer presidential candidates often leads to fewer legislative parties, suggesting that participation in PECs reduces parties’ independent legislative representation. In this article, we examine how specific strategies in the presidential race affect parties’ legislative vote share. Using an original dataset of over 2300 party-level observations in 23 democracies across Europe and South America from 1975 to 2010, we show that the benefits of a party’s presidential strategy are conditional on its size. We find that smaller parties benefit from coattails when they run on their own or lead a PEC, while no parties benefit from joining a PEC. Our findings have important implications for understanding how parties’ presidential strategies influence their legislative success and system-level legislative fragmentation.

scholarly journals The Scaling Associated with The Shape Dimension of Architecture: Practical Study of Mosul Housing Facades

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
Fatima Ehsin Al-Araji ◽  
Assmaa Muhammed Al-muqramm
Keyword(s):  
Human Perception ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Secondary Hypothesis ◽  
Basic Hypothesis ◽  
Shape Characteristics

The concept of Scaling has received attention in many different fields, including the fields (fractional geometry, biology, physics, shape, function, architecture). The Scaling is considered one of the shape characteristics of the forms in nature and has a fixed hierarchical scaling coefficient (2.7). The previous knowledge pointed to its importance because it is related to the degree of cohesion of the formations of these forms and the degree of human perception of them. But, there is a need to study the scaling of the shape aspect of the architectural facades in general and the facades of the Mosul architecture in particular.Thus, the research problem is defined as "there is a need to determine the scaling within the shapes in architecture in general and in the facades of mosul architecture in particular." The research have a basic hypothesis that states "The traditional architecture facades have number of scaling more than modern architecture facades"and secondary hypothesis stating "The scaling of traditional Mosul housing are more numerous and coherent and closer to nature than the scaling in modern housing." Thus, the research used the quantitative approach consisting of three stages, the first stage is creating a theoretical framework on the characteristic of the scaling within the shapes in architecture, and the second stage is determining the method of measurement and method of data analysis, where 9 samples were selected for facades of housing in Mosul city distributed within four Periods,  each period include three samples.The third stage was to discuss the results and determine the conclusions. The research found that the houses facades of traditional period  focused on small scales while the transitional period focused on the big scales. The modern and contemporary period was characterized by a balance between those scales, as well as the houses of the transitional and modern period were characterized by the small number of Scaling in its facades unlike the contemporary and traditional heritage period

The Coherence of Mary Barton: Romance, Realism, and Utopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Robert Z. Birdwell
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Carlyle ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Mode Of Production

Critics have argued that Elizabeth Gaskell's first novel, Mary Barton (1848), is split by a conflict between the modes of realism and romance. But the conflict does not render the novel incoherent, because Gaskell surpasses both modes through a utopian narrative that breaks with the conflict of form and gives coherence to the whole novel. Gaskell not only depicts what Thomas Carlyle called the ‘Condition of England’ in her work but also develops, through three stages, the utopia that will redeem this condition. The first stage is romantic nostalgia, a backward glance at Eden from the countryside surrounding Manchester. The second stage occurs in Manchester, as Gaskell mixes romance with a realistic mode, tracing a utopian drive toward death. The third stage is the utopian break with romantic and realistic accounts of the Condition of England and with the inadequate preceding conceptions of utopia. This third stage transforms narrative modes and figures a new mode of production.

The Subject Matter of Intellectual Property

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Pila
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Relationship

This book offers a study of the subject matter protected by each of the main intellectual property (IP) regimes. With a focus on European and UK law particularly, it considers the meaning of the terms used to denote the objects to which IP rights attach, such as ‘invention’, ‘authorial work’, ‘trade mark’, and ‘design’, with reference to the practice of legal officials and the nature of those objects specifically. To that end it proceeds in three stages. At the first stage, in Chapter 2, the nature, aims, and values of IP rights and systems are considered. As historically and currently conceived, IP rights are limited (and generally transferable) exclusionary rights that attach to certain intellectual creations, broadly conceived, and that serve a range of instrumentalist and deontological ends. At the second stage, in Chapter 3, a theoretical framework for thinking about IP subject matter is proposed with the assistance of certain devices from philosophy. That framework supports a paradigmatic conception of the objects protected by IP rights as artifact types distinguished by their properties and categorized accordingly. From this framework, four questions are derived concerning: the nature of the (categories of) subject matter denoted by the terms ‘invention’, ‘authorial work’, ‘trade mark’, ‘design’ etc, including their essential properties; the means by which each subject matter is individuated within the relevant IP regime; the relationship between each subject matter and its concrete instances; and the manner in which the existence of a subject matter and its concrete instances is known. That leaves the book’s final stage, in Chapters 3 to 7. Here legal officials’ use of the terms above, and understanding of the objects that they denote, are studied, and the results presented as answers to the four questions identified previously.

scholarly journals Effect of Sago Starch Modifications on Polystyrene/Thermoplastic Starch Blends

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2867
Author(s):  
Mohamad Kahar Ab Wahab ◽  
Halimatul Syahirah Mohamad ◽  
Elammaran Jayamani ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Izabela Wnuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Void Formation ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Starch Blends ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Blending Process ◽  
Starch Modifications

The preparation of polystyrene/thermoplastic starch (PS/TPS) blends was divided into three stages. The first stage involved the preparation of TPS from sago starch. Then, for the second stage, PS was blended with TPS to produce a TPS/PS blend. The ratios of the TPS/PS blend were 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, and 80:20. The final stage was a modification of the composition of TPS/PS blends with succinic anhydride and ascorbic acid treatment. Both untreated and treated blends were characterized by their physical, thermal, and surface morphology properties. The obtained results indicate that modified blends have better tensile strength as the adhesion between TPS and PS was improved. This can be observed from SEM micrographs, as modified blends with succinic anhydride and ascorbic acid had smaller TPS dispersion in PS/TPS blends. The micrograph showed that there was no agglomeration and void formation in the TPS/PS blending process. Furthermore, modified blends show better thermal stability, as proved by thermogravimetric analysis. Water uptake into the TPS/PS blends also decreased after the modifications, and the structural analysis showed the formation of a new peak after the modification process.

scholarly journals Change detection and building spatial geodatabase for Iraqi marshes

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 03021
Author(s):  
Oday Jasim ◽  
Noor Hamed ◽  
Tamarra Abdulgabar
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
The Other ◽  
Image Mosaic ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Three Stages

The Iraqi Marshlands has natural and economic potential through its environment rich in various forms of lives. This region has suffered numerous setbacks due to human and natural factors, especially in the last two decades of the last century, which led to significant environmental degradation. The purpose of this paper is to prepare spatial data for the area of the marshes in Iraq as a base (Hour-al Hoveizah and central marshes and Hammar). Also, the other aim is to produce a digital geodatabase for the marshes for the years 1973, 1986, 1999, 2006 and 2016 by using ArcGIS. The process of building geodatabase has been through done in three stages: the first stage is including data collection. The second stage will be by merging the satellite images covering the Iraqi marshes and add to images in order to get the image mosaic process. Also, a georeferencing of satellite images is to be done with all the traditional maps of the same area of the marsh. Finally, complete the full geodatabase for the area of interest by using ArcGIS as the in Cartography Design. The results of this research would be a geodatabase for the Iraqi marshes.

Agent-based economic models and econometrics

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Heng Chen ◽  
Chia-Ling Chang ◽  
Ye-Rong Du
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Computational Finance ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Stages

AbstractThis paper reviews the development of agent-based (computational) economics (ACE) from an econometrics viewpoint. The review comprises three stages, characterizing the past, the present, and the future of this development. The first two stages can be interpreted as an attempt to build the econometric foundation of ACE, and, through that, enrich its empirical content. The second stage may then invoke a reverse reflection on the possible agent-based foundation of econometrics. While ACE modeling has been applied to different branches of economics, the one, and probably the only one, which is able to provide evidence of this three-stage development is finance or financial economics. We will, therefore, focus our review only on the literature of agent-based computational finance, or, more specifically, the agent-based modeling of financial markets.

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