Volunteers for Anarchy: The International Group of the Durruti Column in the Spanish Civil War

2020 ◽  
pp. 002200942094992
Author(s):  
Morris Brodie
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
International Group ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hostile Attitude

This article explores the twin phenomena of anti-fascism and transnational war volunteering through a case study of the International Group of the Durruti Column in the Spanish Civil War. This anarchist-led unit comprised approximately 368 volunteers with a variety of political views from at least 25 different countries. The article examines the relationship between these foreign volunteers and their Spanish hosts (both anarchist and non-anarchist), through, firstly, the militarization of the militias in the winter of 1936, and, secondly, the group’s role in the May Days of 1937 and its aftermath. These episodes show the often hostile attitude of Spaniards to foreigners within Spain and challenge the characterization of the conflict as distinctively internationalist. The lives of these volunteers also highlight the continuity of anti-fascism between the interwar and wartime period, with Spain acting as an ‘anti-fascist melting pot’ where volunteers of different backgrounds and political leanings came together in a common cause. This commitment, however, was not unconditional, and was frequently challenged due to circumstances within Spain. Through studying these transnational fighters, we have a more comprehensive understanding of the complex nature of twentieth century anti-fascism.

scholarly journals Ambassadeurs op het sportfront : Sport, politiek en diplomatie tijdens de Spaanse Burgeroorlog (1936-1939)

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-658
Author(s):  
Enrico Castro Montes
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Sports History ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Ambassadors on the Sports Front: Sports, Politics and Diplomacy during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)This article examines the role of sports in the international politics and diplomacy of nation states in wartime. Through a case study on public diplomacy during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), this article shows how sport could influence international public opinion. By focussing on some lesser-known international sporting events from this period, such as the 1937 Labour Olympiad in Antwerp, this article will move away from the dominant focus in sports history on mega-events such as the Olympic Games. Although research about the relationship between sports and diplomacy has grown in recent years, it has barely taken into account the influence of a war context on sport and diplomacy. This article attempts to fill this gap by analysing left-wing Belgian and Spanish newspapers, archives of the Belgian workers' sports movement, and unused source material from the FIFA archive.

scholarly journals The Dialectic of Political Thought in the Umayyad Period Al Hassan Al Basri as a Case Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Fatima Mohammed Al Suadi
Keyword(s):  
Political Movements ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Theological Debate ◽  
Intellectual Movements ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cultural Movement ◽  
Intellectual Movement

This research paper examines the relationship between intellectual movement and the dynamics of context in terms of it being influenced or influential. The intellectual and cultural movement in the Umayyad Period was associated in one way or another with the then prevalent political schools of thought. Most of these intellectual movements were forms of reaction to political movements and they manifested the conflicts, intricacies and entanglements of such political views. This paper specifically addresses three issues: 1. The general features of the theological debate and its political, social and economic constraints. 2. The common epistemological paradigm 3. Al Hassan Al Basri as one of the prominent leaders of the intellectual movement of the time and as a witness to the profound transformations that took place in the Islamic history particularly in the era of the Guided Caliphs and the Umayyad era. 

“Fractions of Men”: Engendering Amputation in Victorian Culture

1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The Body ◽  
Altered State ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Victorian Culture ◽  
After Effects ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship

In 1866, theAtlantic Monthlypublished a fictional case study of an army surgeon who had lost all of his limbs during the Civil War. Written anonymously by American neurologist Silas Weir Mitchell, “The Case of George Dedlow” describes not only the series of wounds and infections which led to the amputation of all four of the soldier's arms and legs but also the after-effects of amputation. Reduced to what he terms “a useless torso, more like some strange larval creature than anything of human shape,” Dedlow finds that in disarticulating his body, amputation articulates anatomical norms. His observation of his own uniquely altered state qualifies him to speak in universal terms about the relationship between sentience and selfhood: “I have dictated these pages,” he says, “not to shock my readers, but to possess them with facts in regard to the relation of the mind to the body” (1866:5). As such, the story explores the meaning of embodiment, finding in a fragmented anatomy the opportunity to piece together a more complete understanding of how the body functions—physically and metaphysically—as a whole.

The Science of Destruction

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Werrett
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Authority ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Explosive Chemicals

This chapter surveys the evolution of chemical and mechanical weapons used by terrorists between the late eighteenth and early twentieth centuries, ranging from the diabolical contraptions of “infernal machines” to dynamite, the terrorist’s favorite explosive, invented by Alfred Nobel in the 1860s. The chapter also explores the ingenuity of terror. While anarchists and revolutionaries who used explosive chemicals are often represented as merely consumers of the latest scientific creations, the chapter argues that in fact these communities showed considerable ingenuity in devising new weapons. A brief case study of the career of Irish nationalist Robert Emmet’s rockets in the pre-dynamite era demonstrates this. The chapter concludes by considering the relationship of terror and science, and contrasts the radical political views of terrorists with their typically unchallenging acceptance of scientific authority and opinions in the nineteenth century.

Filming History and The Spanish Earth

2019 ◽  
pp. 127-156
Author(s):  
Lisa Nanney
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Documentary Film ◽  
Ernest Hemingway ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Relief Effort ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
The Relationship

Dos Passos was instrumental in initiating The Spanish Earth, a 1937 documentary film relief effort for the Republican fight against fascism in the Spanish Civil War, although he likely did not contribute to its writing. Yet the dangerous, divisive circumstances surrounding the film’s creation and his collaboration with its Communist director Joris Ivens and with colleague Ernest Hemingway during its production in Spain challenged Dos Passos’s beliefs about the relationship between politics and art and profoundly affected his subsequent career. The execution of a Spanish friend, José Robles, at the hands of Russian military personnel who were ostensibly Republican allies, and a subsequent coverup, led Dos Passos to re-evaluate his leftist political positions, his professional alliance with Ivens, and his longtime friendship with Hemingway. The film and its circumstances raised complex questions about the dynamics between fact and fictionalization in documentary and the artist’s ethical and aesthetic responsibilities. Dos Passos’s choices to report fully on the repercussions of factionalization in the Spanish anti-fascist cause, to represent multiple perspectives of the looming greater European conflict, and to articulate unequivocally his conviction that Communism was compromising both European and U.S. leftist movements earned opprobrium from literary critics who had theretofore lionized him.

Studying Desertion in the spanish Civil War

Desertion ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Théodore McLauchlin
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Armed Group ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group Characteristics

This chapter develops the account of desertion primarily in the context of the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939, which clarifies the role of several variables through Spain. It looks at many different organizations on both the rebel side and the Republican side in order to examine the impact of different armed group characteristics on desertion. It uses the Spain case study to understand desertion dynamics in a particularly fascinating civil conflict. The chapter focuses on the Republican side, analyzing the dynamics of its relatively high rate of desertion at various points in the conflict. It demonstrates norms of cooperation and coercion at the micro level to statistically assess individual soldiers' decisions to fight or to flee.

scholarly journals A trajetória de um gaúcho na Guerra Civil Espanhola: Saga, de Erico Veríssimo

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-269
Author(s):  
Elcio Loureiro Cornelsen
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Authoritarian Regime ◽  
History Plays ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Península Ibérica

Resumo: Nossa contribuição visa a refletir sobre o processo de ficcionalização da Guerra Civil Espanhola no romance Saga, de Erico Veríssimo, publicado em 1940. Neste caso, a relação entre Literatura e História desempenha um papel fundamental, pois o escritor tomou por base o diário de um ex-brigadista brasileiro para escrever seu romance sobre a guerra fratricida que assolou a Península Ibérica entre os anos de 1936 e 1939. Saga também documenta o engajamento político de Erico Veríssimo, numa postura contrária ao regime autoritário vigente no Brasil, na época de sua publicação: o Estado Novo.Palavras-chave: Guerra Civil Espanhola; Erico Veríssimo; Saga.Abstract: This contribution aims at to reflect about the process of fictionalizing of the Spanish Civil War on Erico Veríssimo’s novel Saga, published in 1940. In this case, the relationship between Literature and History plays a fundamental role, since the writer used as basis the diary of a Brazilian ex-brigadist to write his novel about the fratricide war that destroyed the Iberian Peninsula between 1936 and 1939. Besides Saga documents Erico Veríssimo’s political engagement on a posture against the authoritarian regime in Brazil at the time from his publishing: the called “New State”.Keywords: Spanish Civil War; Erico Veríssimo; Saga.

scholarly journals Urbanisation and Crime: A Case Study of Pakistan

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (4II) ◽  
pp. 741-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Hanzla Jalil ◽  
Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Economics Of Crime ◽  
Adam And Eve ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Relationship

Crime is an activity which is against the law and the fact that the linkage between criminal activities and the socio-economic development of the society is undeniable. Moreover, the relationship between crime and evolution of mankind may also be considered a historical one as Cain (first son of Adam and Eve) committed first crime when he murdered his brother Able because of jealousy. Due to the complex nature of the subject of crime, for example, regarding its causes and consequences, various academic disciplines such as criminology, sociology, geography, psychology and demography study it from their own perspective. A relatively new emerging field, however, is the economics of crime which tries to identify the socio-economic causes and consequences of criminal activities in a society.

Teaching about Fascism(s): The Relationship between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany in East German, West German, and Italian Textbooks, 1950–60

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200942110630
Author(s):  
Daniela R.P. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
History Textbooks ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
School History ◽  
East German ◽  
The Relationship

The parallels and interconnections between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany are not merely a matter of contemporary scholarly interest, but also were and still are a charged political and societal question. Through an analysis of discourse in school history textbooks, this article analyzes how scholars, students, teachers and state authorities perceived these parallels and interconnections during the immediate postwar period. The paper investigates how the earliest history textbooks – published in the post-fascist successor states of East Germany, West Germany, and Italy between 1950 and 1960 – evaluated the relationship between Mussolini's Italy and Hitler's Germany during the 1930s. The 1930s are key because they began with Mussolini as the senior fascist dictator; over the course of the decade – with the war in Ethiopia, the Spanish Civil War, the passage of anti-Semitic racial laws, and the creation of the Pact of Steel – Hitler's Germany eclipsed Mussolini's Italy as the preeminent fascist power. By looking at postwar textbooks’ representations of the Fascist Italy–Nazi Germany relationship during the 1930s, we can see that the postwar post-fascist states often blamed each other for the emergence of the especially imperialist, racist and violent elements of fascism. Thus, this article illustrates how educational materials marshalled deflection strategies during the long process of Vergangenheitsbewältigung.

Scots and the Spanish Civil War

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser Raeburn
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
The Many ◽  
Scottish Politics ◽  
At Home

Few causes before or since have inspired such passion, determination and sacrifice than the Spanish Civil War (1936-9). This book explores the many ways in which Scots responded to the war in Spain, covering the activists and humanitarians who raised funds and awareness at home, as well as the hundreds of Scots who journeyed to Spain to fight as part of the International Brigades that fought for the Republican cause. Their stories reflect much larger narratives of the rise of European fascism, the networks and cultures of international communism and the wider modern phenomenon of transnational foreign war volunteering. Scots and the Spanish Civil War is a groundbreaking study of Scottish involvement in one of the 20th century’s most famous and divisive conflicts, drawing on newly-declassified government documents and international archives in Spain and beyond. As well as shedding new light on Scottish politics in the 1930s, it is argued that this case study – part of the largest wave of foreign war volunteers in the 20th century – can help us understand other such mobilisations, past and present.

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