Prenatal Substance Use Disorders and Dental Caries in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-401
Author(s):  
N. Auger ◽  
N. Low ◽  
G. Lee ◽  
A. Ayoub ◽  
B. Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Maternal Substance Use ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Incidence Of Hospitalization ◽  
Prenatal Substance Use

Substance use is common in women of reproductive age, but limited data exist on the dental health of their children, including risk of caries. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of 790,758 infants born between 2006 and 2016 in Quebec, Canada. We identified women with substance use disorders before or during pregnancy. The main outcome measure was hospitalization for dental caries in offspring up to 12 y after birth. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of maternal substance use with pediatric dental caries, adjusted for potential confounders. Children exposed to maternal substance use had a higher incidence of hospitalization for dental caries than unexposed children (105.2 vs. 27.0 per 10,000 person-years). Maternal substance use was associated with 1.96 times the risk of childhood dental caries (95% CI, 1.80–2.14), including a greater risk of caries of enamel, dentin, or cementum (HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.82–2.19) and dental pulp (HR, 2.36; 95% CI, 2.07–2.70), relative to no substance use. Associations were elevated for alcohol (HR, 2.31; 95% CI, 2.03–2.64) but were also present for cocaine, cannabis, opioids, and other substances. Substance use during pregnancy was more strongly associated with dental caries hospitalization than prepregnancy substance use. Associations were stronger in early childhood. Maternal substance use is associated with the future risk of dental caries hospitalization in children. Targeting substance use early in the lives of women may contribute to dental caries prevention in offspring.

Maternal Substance Use Disorders and Accidental Drug Poisonings in Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Auger ◽  
Nicholas Chadi ◽  
Nancy Low ◽  
Aimina Ayoub ◽  
Ernest Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Maternal Substance Use

scholarly journals Article Commentary: Prenatal Substance Use: Exploring Assumptions of Maternal Unfitness

2015 ◽  
Vol 9s2 ◽  
pp. SART.S23328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mishka Terplan ◽  
Alene Kennedy-Hendricks ◽  
Margaret S. Chisolm
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Obstetrical Care ◽  
Prenatal Substance Use ◽  
Maternal Child

In spite of the growing knowledge and understanding of addiction as a chronic relapsing medical condition, individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) continue to experience stigmatization. Pregnant women who use substances suffer additional stigma as their use has the potential to cause fetal harm, calling into question their maternal fitness and often leading to punitive responses. Punishing pregnant women denies the integral interconnectedness of the maternal-fetal dyad. Linking substance use with maternal unfitness is not supported by the balance of the scientific evidence regarding the actual harms associated with substance use during pregnancy. Such linkage adversely impacts maternal, child, and family health by deterring pregnant women from seeking both obstetrical care and SUD treatment. Pregnant women who use substances deserve compassion and care, not pariah-status and punishment.

Addictions: Evidence for Integrative Treatment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary F. Morrison ◽  
Karen Lin ◽  
Susan Gersh
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Integrative Medicine ◽  
Complementary Therapies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Illicit Substance Use ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Integrative Therapies

Legal and illicit substance use disorders are common conditions associated with substantial impairment in health as well as social and occupational functioning. Integrative medicine proposes modalities that offer promise for increasing the likelihood of undertaking treatment for substance use as well as retaining individuals in treatment. Of the integrative therapies discussed, mindfulness-based therapies have both the greatest number of and most rigorous studies for substance use disorders. Mindfulness-based therapies can significantly reduce the consumption of tobacco, alcohol, and other substances compared to control conditions. Complementary therapies reviewed include acupuncture, mindfulness-based practices, exercise, yoga, biofeedback and neurofeedback, art and music therapy, as well as diet and dietary supplements, both herbal and vitamin. Given the high acceptability and low cost of integrative medicine interventions, studies employing these techniques as adjunctive therapies to conventional treatments should be more vigorously supported if they are well-designed and include adequate numbers of subjects.

scholarly journals Digital Mental Health for Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Boumparis ◽  
Mieke H. J. Schulte ◽  
Heleen Riper
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Digital Interventions ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Active Controls

Abstract Purpose Only about 20% of people suffering from substance use disorders access available treatments due to various obstacles; digital interventions could potentially overcome some of these. Meta-analyses suggest the strongest evidence for interventions targeting alcohol use reduction, followed by cannabis and illicit substances. However, most randomized controlled trials (RCTs) used unguided standalone interventions compared to non-active controls, with limited follow-up periods and disregarded comorbidity. This review examines the literature published over the last three years (2016–2019), with a focus on recent RCTs and whether they addressed some of these gaps. Recent findings Except for digital interventions targeting alcohol use, the number of RCTs in the last three years is limited. Although there is considerable heterogeneity between the studies, most of them applied unguided add-on interventions compared to active control groups, and a limited number investigated guided interventions. In addition, there is a need for longer follow-up periods, active rather than non-active control groups, outcome standardization, and increased focus on comorbidity. Summary Although the number of studies using guided add-on or blended interventions compared to active controls has increased, future studies should consider our identified gaps and suggestions to further strengthen the evidence of digital interventions for reducing the use of alcohol and other substances.

Maternal Substance Use Disorders and Infant Outcomes in the First Year of Life among Massachusetts Singletons, 2003-2010

2017 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunah S. Hwang ◽  
Hafsatou Diop ◽  
Chia-ling Liu ◽  
Qi Yu ◽  
Hermik Babakhanlou-Chase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
First Year ◽  
Infant Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Substance Use ◽  
First Year Of Life
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