Use of Marijuana and Other Substances Among Pregnant and Parenting Women With Substance Use Disorders: Changes in Washington State After Marijuana Legalization

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese M. Grant ◽  
J. Christopher Graham ◽  
Beatriz H. Carlini ◽  
Cara C. Ernst ◽  
Natalie Novick Brown
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Marijuana Legalization ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Pregnant And Parenting Women

Addictions: Evidence for Integrative Treatment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary F. Morrison ◽  
Karen Lin ◽  
Susan Gersh
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Integrative Medicine ◽  
Complementary Therapies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Illicit Substance Use ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Integrative Therapies

Legal and illicit substance use disorders are common conditions associated with substantial impairment in health as well as social and occupational functioning. Integrative medicine proposes modalities that offer promise for increasing the likelihood of undertaking treatment for substance use as well as retaining individuals in treatment. Of the integrative therapies discussed, mindfulness-based therapies have both the greatest number of and most rigorous studies for substance use disorders. Mindfulness-based therapies can significantly reduce the consumption of tobacco, alcohol, and other substances compared to control conditions. Complementary therapies reviewed include acupuncture, mindfulness-based practices, exercise, yoga, biofeedback and neurofeedback, art and music therapy, as well as diet and dietary supplements, both herbal and vitamin. Given the high acceptability and low cost of integrative medicine interventions, studies employing these techniques as adjunctive therapies to conventional treatments should be more vigorously supported if they are well-designed and include adequate numbers of subjects.

Prenatal Substance Use Disorders and Dental Caries in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-401
Author(s):  
N. Auger ◽  
N. Low ◽  
G. Lee ◽  
A. Ayoub ◽  
B. Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Maternal Substance Use ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Incidence Of Hospitalization ◽  
Prenatal Substance Use

Substance use is common in women of reproductive age, but limited data exist on the dental health of their children, including risk of caries. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of 790,758 infants born between 2006 and 2016 in Quebec, Canada. We identified women with substance use disorders before or during pregnancy. The main outcome measure was hospitalization for dental caries in offspring up to 12 y after birth. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of maternal substance use with pediatric dental caries, adjusted for potential confounders. Children exposed to maternal substance use had a higher incidence of hospitalization for dental caries than unexposed children (105.2 vs. 27.0 per 10,000 person-years). Maternal substance use was associated with 1.96 times the risk of childhood dental caries (95% CI, 1.80–2.14), including a greater risk of caries of enamel, dentin, or cementum (HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.82–2.19) and dental pulp (HR, 2.36; 95% CI, 2.07–2.70), relative to no substance use. Associations were elevated for alcohol (HR, 2.31; 95% CI, 2.03–2.64) but were also present for cocaine, cannabis, opioids, and other substances. Substance use during pregnancy was more strongly associated with dental caries hospitalization than prepregnancy substance use. Associations were stronger in early childhood. Maternal substance use is associated with the future risk of dental caries hospitalization in children. Targeting substance use early in the lives of women may contribute to dental caries prevention in offspring.

scholarly journals Digital Mental Health for Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Boumparis ◽  
Mieke H. J. Schulte ◽  
Heleen Riper
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Digital Interventions ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Active Controls

Abstract Purpose Only about 20% of people suffering from substance use disorders access available treatments due to various obstacles; digital interventions could potentially overcome some of these. Meta-analyses suggest the strongest evidence for interventions targeting alcohol use reduction, followed by cannabis and illicit substances. However, most randomized controlled trials (RCTs) used unguided standalone interventions compared to non-active controls, with limited follow-up periods and disregarded comorbidity. This review examines the literature published over the last three years (2016–2019), with a focus on recent RCTs and whether they addressed some of these gaps. Recent findings Except for digital interventions targeting alcohol use, the number of RCTs in the last three years is limited. Although there is considerable heterogeneity between the studies, most of them applied unguided add-on interventions compared to active control groups, and a limited number investigated guided interventions. In addition, there is a need for longer follow-up periods, active rather than non-active control groups, outcome standardization, and increased focus on comorbidity. Summary Although the number of studies using guided add-on or blended interventions compared to active controls has increased, future studies should consider our identified gaps and suggestions to further strengthen the evidence of digital interventions for reducing the use of alcohol and other substances.

scholarly journals Substance Use Disorders and Psychoactive Drug Poisoning in Medically Authorized Cannabis Patients: Longitudinal Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 070674372110605
Author(s):  
Arsène Zongo ◽  
Cerina Lee ◽  
Jihane El-Mourad ◽  
Jason R. B. Dyck ◽  
Elaine Hyshka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diagnostic Code ◽  
Psychoactive Drugs ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Behavioural Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Other Substances

Objectives Poisoning from psychoactive drugs and substance use disorders (SUD) have been reported among non-medical cannabis users. However, little is known about medical cannabis users and their risk for poisoning and/or development of SUD. This study assessed the risk of emergency department (ED) visits or hospitalization for 1) poisoning by psychoactive drugs and 2) mental/behavioural disorders due to the use of psychoactive drugs and other substances, in medically authorized cannabis patients in Ontario, Canada from 2014–2017. Methods A cohort study of adult patients authorized for medical cannabis that were matched to population-based controls. ED visit/hospitalization were assessed with a main diagnostic code for: 1) poisoning by psychoactive drugs; 2) mental and behavioural disorder due to psychoactive drugs or other substance use. Conditional Cox proportional hazards regressions were conducted. Results 18,653 cannabis patients were matched to 51,243 controls. During a median follow-up of 243 days, the incidence rate for poisoning was 4.71 per 1,000 person-years (95%CI: 3.71–5.99) for cases and 1.73 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI: 1.36–2.19) for controls. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) was 2.45 (95%CI: 1.56–3.84). For mental/behavioural disorders, the incident rates were 8.89 (95% CI: 7.47–10.57) and 5.01 (95% CI: 4.36–5.76) in the cannabis and the controls group. The aHR was 2.27 (95%CI: 1.66–3.11). No difference was observed between males and females ( P-value for interaction > 0.05). Conclusions Our study observed a short-term increased risk of ED visit/hospitalization for poisoning or for mental/behavioural disorders (from use of psychoactive drugs and other substances)- in medically authorized cannabis patients.

Reinforcement-based treatment for substance use disorders: A comprehensive behavioral approach.

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Michelle Tuten ◽  
Hendree E. Jones ◽  
Cindy M. Schaeffer ◽  
Maxine L. Stitzer
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Approach
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