Accounting for Social Processes in the Development of Diagnostic Classification Systems: Commentary on the “Standards and Guidelines for the Development of Diagnostic Nomenclatures and Alternatives in Mental Health Research and Practice”

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-452
Author(s):  
Jared W. Keeley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Humanistic Psychology ◽  
Common View ◽  
Standards And Guidelines ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of

Diagnostic classifications of mental disorders are complex systems that integrate both scientific and social priorities. The Task Force on Developing Humanistic Approaches to Psychological Diagnosis of the Society for Humanistic Psychology has released a set of guidelines intended to guide the development of mental health classifications. This commentary argues that the attention paid in the guidelines to social processes is a desirable and inherent component of the development of any classification. Social influences regarding the definition of the concepts and the processes by which people develop them are integrally intertwined, contrary to the common view that nonscientific factors should be excluded from classification systems as much as possible. These guidelines offer a much needed resource for developing future mental health classifications.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN (MODERATE) EGALITARIANISM AND PRIORITARIANISM?

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARSTEN KLINT JENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Definition ◽  
Common View ◽  
Standard Definition ◽  
Common Definition ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Inequality Ordering ◽  
Priority View ◽  
Levelling Down Objection

It is common to define egalitarianism in terms of an inequality ordering, which is supposed to have some weight in overall evaluations of outcomes. Egalitarianism, thus defined, implies that levelling down makes the outcome better in respect of reducing inequality; however, the levelling down objection claims there can be nothing good about levelling down. The priority view, on the other hand, does not have this implication. This paper challenges the common view. The standard definition of egalitarianism implicitly assumes a context. Once this context is made clear, it is easily seen that egalitarianism could be defined alternatively in terms of valuing a benefit to a person inversely to how well off he is relative to others. The levelling down objection does not follow from this definition. Moreover, the common definition does not separate egalitarian orderings from prioritarian ones. It is useful to do this by requiring that on egalitarianism, additively separable orderings should be excluded. But this requirement is stated as a condition on the alternative definition of egalitarianism, from which the levelling down objection does not follow.

Standards and Guidelines for the Development of Diagnostic Nomenclatures and Alternatives in Mental Health Research and Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Kamens ◽  
Lisa Cosgrove ◽  
Shannon M. Peters ◽  
Nev Jones ◽  
Elizabeth Flanagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Standards And Guidelines

Diagnostic nomenclatures have been central to mental health research and practice since the turn of the 20th century. In recent years, an increasing number of mental health professionals have proposed that a paradigm shift in diagnosis is inevitable. The Standards and Guidelines for the Development of Diagnostic Nomenclatures and Alternatives in Mental Health Research and Practice are intended to serve as a reference for the development of scientifically sound and ethically principled diagnostic nomenclatures and descriptive alternatives. The Standards and Guidelines are divided into four sections that address the purposes; development; type, content, and structure; and scientific grounding of nomenclatures and alternative systems. They are intended to represent best practice in the classification and description of emotional distress for multidisciplinary mental health professionals.

Psychiatric Diagnosis as a Precursor to Research Diffi culties in Mental Health

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
Denise Russell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conceptual Core

The starting point for most mental health research is psychiatric diagnosis. If diagnoses are controversial or unreliable, then the results of the research will be difficult to interpret and its value will be undercut. The most widely used system of psychiatric diagnosis is found in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. This article looks at the conceptual core of diagnosis in the latest manual, examines the definition of mental disorder, and exposes some key underlying conceptual issues especially with regard to the notions of “distress,” “impairment,” and “dysfunction.” The role of subjectivity and values in the application of these concepts is also stressed and discussed in relation to specific mental disorders.

Diagnostic Nomenclatures in the Mental Health Professions as Public Policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Zachar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Standards And Guidelines

Commentary on Standards and Guidelines for the Development of Diagnostic Nomenclatures and Alternatives in Mental Health Research and Practice.

Mental Health Europe's “beyond the bio-medical paradigm task force” issues on ICD-10

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S460-S460 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kinderman ◽  
P. Pini ◽  
S. Wooley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Personal Recovery ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Medical Paradigm

IntroductionRecent developments in psychiatric diagnosis risk downgrading psychological and social aspects of personal recovery and marginalise the individual needs and aspirations of people, considered in their local context. The publication of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Health Disorders (DSM-5) by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) prompted MHE to establish the Beyond the Biomedical Paradigm Task Force (BBPtf) to investigate, debate and report on these issues.ObjectivesMental Health Europe (MHE) – along with others both within and outside mainstream psychiatry – has noted with concern the increasing dominance of a biological approach to mental health problems. We see a risk of diagnoses being misused when they become part of a complex managerial health system responding mainly to the economic and issues of safety or social control. This kind of misuse could breach the principles of the UN CRPD. MHE welcomes the role of the WHO in coordinating internationally appropriate classification systems. However, we want to ensure that systems based on biomedical, economic and managerial issues are balanced with systems based on knowledge of personal experiences, life stories and direct relationships, which have proven outcomes and which respect human rights and dignity.AimsThis workshop will explore the complex philosophical issues associated with psychiatric diagnosis and, in particular, the ICD-10 revision process.Disclosure of interestI am President of the British Psychological Society and a member of both Mental Health Europe's “Beyond the Bio-Medical Paradigm Task Force” and the Council for Evidence Based Psychiatry. I am currently in receipt of funding from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) and the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), and I have previously received funding from a variety of sources.The others authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Mental Health Research

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Denise Anderson ◽  
Thelma Silver
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
New York ◽  
Task Force ◽  
New York State ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Health Curriculum ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
The Family ◽  
Work Education

This mental health curriculum module, developed from the BPD-NIMH Task Force, provides an overview of the research on the Family Psychoeducational model as it has been applied to the New York state system of mental health. This module was developed from the rigorous research that was conducted to examine the effectiveness of this model of service delivery: McFarlane, W. et. al. article, “Dissemination of New York states family psychoeducation project.” The module has been developed for inclusion in the advanced practice, policy and/or research courses of undergraduate social work education. Specific course content is provided for BSW educators, as well as ideas and options for inclusion in the class structure. This module is meant to serve as a piece of the entire course content.

scholarly journals The proteome, not the transcriptome, predicts that oocyte superovulation affects embryonic phenotypes in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Taher ◽  
Steffen Israel ◽  
Hannes C. A. Drexler ◽  
Wojciech Makalowski ◽  
Yutaka Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Oocyte Diameter ◽  
Common View ◽  
Molecular Embryology ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Proteome Changes ◽  
Open Question ◽  
First Time

AbstractSuperovulation is the epitome for generating oocytes for molecular embryology in mice, and it is used to model medically assisted reproduction in humans. However, whether a superovulated oocyte is normal, is an open question. This study establishes for the first time that superovulation is associated with proteome changes that affect phenotypic traits in mice, whereas the transcriptome is far less predictive. The proteins that were differentially expressed in superovulated mouse oocytes and embryos compared to their naturally ovulated counterparts were enriched in ontology terms describing abnormal mammalian phenotypes: a thinner zona pellucida, a smaller oocyte diameter, increased frequency of cleavage arrest, and defective blastocyst formation, which could all be verified functionally. Moreover, our findings indicate that embryos with such abnormalities are negatively selected during preimplantation, and ascribe these abnormalities to incomplete ovarian maturation during the time of the conventional superovulation, since they could be corrected upon postponement of the ovulatory stimulus by 24 h. Our data place constraints on the common view that superovulated oocytes are suitable for drawing general conclusions about developmental processes, and underscore the importance of including the proteins in a modern molecular definition of oocyte quality.

Articulatory Generalization in Two Word-Medial, Ambisyllabic Contexts

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia I. Wolfe ◽  
Suzanne D. Blocker ◽  
Norma J. Prater
Keyword(s):  
Common View ◽  
Perceptual Salience ◽  
The Common ◽  
Unitary Concept ◽  
Over Time

Articulatory generalization of velar cognates /k/, /g/ in two phonologically disordered children was studied over time as a function of sequential word-morpheme position training. Although patterns of contextual acquisition differed, correct responses to the word-medial, inflected context (e.g., "picking," "hugging") occurred earlier and exceeded those to the word-medial, noninflected context (e.g., "bacon," "wagon"). This finding indicates that the common view of the word-medial position as a unitary concept is an oversimplification. Possible explanations for superior generalization to the word-medial, inflected position are discussed in terms of coarticulation, perceptual salience, and the representational integrity of the word.

Preventing Suicide in Prisons, Part II

Crisis ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc S. Daigle ◽  
Anasseril E. Daniel ◽  
Greg E. Dear ◽  
Patrick Frottier ◽  
Lindsay M. Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Task Force ◽  
International Association ◽  
Correctional Officers ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Correctional Systems ◽  
Prevention Activities ◽  
Prison Systems

Abstract. The International Association for Suicide Prevention created a Task Force on Suicide in Prisons to better disseminate the information in this domain. One of its objectives was to summarize suicide-prevention activities in the prison systems. This study of the Task Force uncovered many differences between countries, although mental health professionals remain central in all suicide prevention activities. Inmate peer-support and correctional officers also play critical roles in suicide prevention but there is great variation in the involvement of outside community workers. These differences could be explained by the availability of resources, by the structure of the correctional and community services, but mainly by the different paradigms about suicide prevention. While there is a common and traditional paradigm that suicide prevention services are mainly offered to individuals by mental health services, correctional systems differ in the way they include (or not) other partners of suicide prevention: correctional officers, other employees, peer inmates, chaplains/priests, and community workers. Circumstances, history, and national cultures may explain such diversity but they might also depend on the basic way we think about suicide prevention at both individual and environmental levels.

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