scholarly journals Online Allies and Tricky Freelancers: Understanding the Differences in the Role of Social Media in the Campaigns for the Scottish Independence Referendum

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 834-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Ines Langer ◽  
Michael Comerford ◽  
Des McNulty
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Strategic Change ◽  
Digital Communications ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Grassroots Organizations ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Scottish Independence ◽  
And Control

Using the 2014 Scottish independence referendum as a case study, this article asks first, to what extent is the use of digital communications technologies, in particular social media, associated with fundamental changes to campaign organizations, specifically to the command and control model? Second, under what conditions are challenges to the model more likely to emerge? Using mixed methods, our analysis of the case demonstrates that radical organizational or strategic change is not inevitable, nor is there a one-size-fits-all approach. Technologies are not ‘just tools’ that any campaign with enough resources will adopt in similar ways. Instead, depending on a number of interdependent factors (i.e. context, resources, strategy, organizational structure and culture), some campaigns – like Better Together – selectively adopt digital tools that fit with the command and control model; in other cases – like Yes Scotland – the application of digital communications technologies and the dynamics created by linking to other (digital-enabled) grassroots organizations can have transformative effects.

scholarly journals Quantifying Media Effects, Its Content, and Role in Promoting Community Awareness of Chikungunya Epidemic in Bangladesh

Epidemiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Mst. Marium Begum ◽  
Osman Ulvi ◽  
Ajlina Karamehic-Muratovic ◽  
Mallory R. Walsh ◽  
Hasan Tarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Media Outlet ◽  
And Control

Background: Chikungunya is a vector-borne disease, mostly present in tropical and subtropical regions. The virus is spread by Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitos and symptoms include high fever to severe joint pain. Dhaka, Bangladesh, suffered an outbreak of chikungunya in 2017 lasting from April to September. With the goal of reducing cases, social media was at the forefront during this outbreak and educated the public about symptoms, prevention, and control of the virus. Popular web-based sources such as the top dailies in Bangladesh, local news outlets, and Facebook spread awareness of the outbreak. Objective: This study sought to investigate the role of social and mainstream media during the chikungunya epidemic. The study objective was to determine if social media can improve awareness of and practice associated with reducing cases of chikungunya. Methods: We collected chikungunya-related information circulated from the top nine television channels in Dhaka, Bangladesh, airing from 1st April–20th August 2017. All the news published in the top six dailies in Bangladesh were also compiled. The 50 most viewed chikungunya-related Bengali videos were manually coded and analyzed. Other social media outlets, such as Facebook, were also analyzed to determine the number of chikungunya-related posts and responses to these posts. Results: Our study showed that media outlets were associated with reducing cases of chikungunya, indicating that media has the potential to impact future outbreaks of these alpha viruses. Each media outlet (e.g., web, television) had an impact on the human response to an individual’s healthcare during this outbreak. Conclusions: To prevent future outbreaks of chikungunya, media outlets and social media can be used to educate the public regarding prevention strategies such as encouraging safe travel, removing stagnant water sources, and assisting with tracking cases globally to determine where future outbreaks may occur.

Museums and Web 2.0

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Schweibenz
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
User Participation ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Crucial Question ◽  
And Control ◽  
Do So

Many museums want to use Web 2.0 applications or feel the pressure to do so. In doing so, they might encounter a significant problem as Web 2.0 is based on the notion of radical trust and unrestricted, equal participation, two concepts that are contrary to the museum’s traditional concepts of authority, communication and participation. Until recently, museums presumed control of their content. The crucial question is how much control of its content the museum can afford to lose, since they depend on their reputation for expertise and trustworthiness. The paper analyses the role of authority, its influence on traditional and future museum communication and its effects on participation and trust. The challenge for museums is to find a way to cede authority and control over content without losing status as trustworthy institutions and to open up for social media and user participation in order to attract new audiences and maintain existing ones.

From Hierarchical Structure to Relational Networks

2015 ◽  
pp. 28-54
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Relational Networks ◽  
The Creation ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Church

In this chapter, the authors show how functional organizations, derived and perpetuated by the Romans, the Church, and the army of Frederick the Great, were ready-at-hand with the emergence of the industrial era and associated with the creation of wealth through a series of subsequent and specialized value-adding steps. This is a typical command and control model. The chapter shows that this is not the only model for wealth creation over the centuries, even though it continues to predominate in contemporary organizations. Relational networks existed throughout the same historical span of time and are undoubtedly responsible for the greatest accumulation of wealth. They often accumulated such a significant amount of wealth that they threatened the legacy models of church and state. Legacy thinking, directly and indirectly, continues to perpetuate questionable assumptions and cognitive blindness about how work really gets done and how wealth is really created.

scholarly journals The Role of Public Interest Litigation in the Achievement of Sustainable Waste Management in Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merhatbeb Gebregiorgs
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Sustainable Waste Management ◽  
Public Interest Litigation ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
And Control

This research assessed the role of public interest litigation in the achievement of sustainable waste management in the Addis Ababa Administration (AAA) of Ethiopia. It employed a single country case-oriented comparative research design, and data triangulation was used to establish the validity of the findings. The research first shows Ethiopia’s commitment to sustainable waste management, implementing environmental tax and the command-and-control instruments of the polluter-pays principle and public interest litigation within the context of environmental justice. Secondly, it shows that public interest litigation is one of the innovative techniques in the struggle against waste mismanagement across all legal systems. Thirdly, it demonstrates the potential role of public interest litigation in Ethiopia in encouraging the federal and regional environmental protection and management organs to implement environmental tax and command-and-control instruments. Fourthly, it uncovers that public interest litigation is not fully compatible with the Civil Procedure Code of Ethiopia. Fifthly, it shows the failure of the judiciary system of Ethiopia to accommodate environmental courts and tribunals that flexibly and innovatively adopt public interest litigation. Sixthly, it reveals that, in Ethiopia, the scope of public interest standing is highly restrictive for Civil Society Organizations (CSO). Finally, it implies that the legal viability and administrative feasibility of environmental public interest litigation in Ethiopia is in its infancy, and its crystallization is partly contingent on the cautious review of the Civil Procedure Code and CSO laws and on greening the judiciary system.

From Command and Control to Self-Confidence in Government: Meeting the Challenge in Doncaster

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-172
Author(s):  
Clare Batty ◽  
John Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Local Responses ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Local Pressures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Service Managers ◽  
Control Management

This article compares some themes of change management theory against the practical experience of a large UK local authority as it attempts to move from `command and control' leadership to a more assertive, self-confident style of local government. This move is a response both to changing national legislation and local demand arising from a significant corruption scandal. The concept of `command and control' management is compared with that of self-confidence within the context of organizing for government, both central and local. The nature of self-confident government is then examined more closely in an attempt to answer some central questions — what is self-confidence, what sustains it and what benefits does it offer? These questions are then considered against the practical experience of a large metropolitan authority in England. The local pressures for organizational and cultural change, including those arising out of recent municipal corruption, are discussed along with the developing local responses. The article then considers the change issues that are arising for local service managers and the role of developing self-confidence in adapting and expanding their capabilities into the future. Some key learning points are identified.

scholarly journals Empowering Women Entrepreneurs in Emerging Economies: a Conceptual Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haya Ajjan ◽  
Stefanie Beninger ◽  
Rania Mostafa ◽  
Victoria L. Crittenden
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
New Information ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Role Of Information

Cyberfeminism is a woman-centered perspective that advocates women’s use of new information and communications technologies for empowerment. This paper explores the role of information technologies, in particular the role of social media, in empowering women entrepreneurship in emerging economies via increased social capital and improved self-efficacy. A conceptual model is offered and propositions are explicated.

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