Synthesis of amino-terminated hyperbranched polymers and their application in microfiber synthetic leather base dyeing

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longfang Ren ◽  
Guohui Zhao ◽  
Taotao Qiang ◽  
Xuechuan Wang ◽  
Na Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Hyperbranched Polymers ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Relative Molecular Mass ◽  
Dye Uptake ◽  
Synthetic Leather ◽  
Diethylene Triamine ◽  
Primary Amino

In the current study, amino-terminated hyperbranched polymers (NH2-HBP) were synthesized by Michael addition reaction in which N, N’-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) and diethylene triamine (DETA) were used as raw materials, and water was used as a solvent. Reaction temperature, raw material ratio, and reaction time were optimized via single-factor experiments in which the production rate and primary amino content were used as indexes. The results showed that the mol ratio of MBA to DETA was 1:1.1, the temperature was 70°C, and reaction time was 24 h. Under this condition, the primary amino content of NH2-HBP was 2.83 mmol/g, and the yield was 91.16%. The NH2-HBP structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. Moreover, the relative molecular mass distribution of NH2-HBP was also determined by gel permeation chromatography. As an active substance, NH2-HBP was grafted onto the polyamide microfiber synthetic leather used in clothes, and organic phosphine was used as a cross-linking agent. The change in dye uptake, surface chroma, and resistance to dry-rub and wet-rub fastness properties was discussed. When the NH2-HBP dosage was 5.5%, the dye uptake improved from 56.89% to 94.85% (an increase of almost 61%). The surface chroma also deepened, the dry-rub fastness improved from 3.0 to 4.5, and the wet-rub fastness improved from 2.5 to 3.5.

Optimization of Synthesis Technology of Acetylferrocene by Response Surface Methodology

2012 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 162-165
Author(s):  
Da Wei Yin ◽  
Gang Tao Liang ◽  
Xiao Ming Sun ◽  
Yu Ting Liu
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Acetyl Chloride ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Experimental Yield ◽  
Central Composite

Acetylferrocene was synthesized by acetyl chloride and ferrocene as raw materials, dichloromethane as the solvent, and ZnO as catalyst. Response surface methodology based on three-level, three-variable central composite rotable design was used to evaluate the interactive effects of the ratio of acetyl chloride and ferrocene(2-4), the amount of ZnO(1.0-1.3mol), reaction time(30-60 min)on the percentage yield of acylferrocene. The optimal raw material ratio, amount catalyst, and reaction time was 3:1, 1.19mol, 40min. Under the optimum conditions, the actual experimental yield can reach 86.72%.

Natural Hydroxyapatite (NHAp) Derived from Pork Bone as a Renewable Catalyst for Biodiesel Production via Microwave Irradiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 216-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achanai Buasri ◽  
Thaweethong Inkaew ◽  
Laorrut Kodephun ◽  
Wipada Yenying ◽  
Vorrada Loryuenyong
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
Natural Hydroxyapatite

The use of waste materials for producing biodiesel via transesterification has been of recent interest. In this study, the pork bone was used as the raw materials for natural hydroxyapatite (NHAp) catalyst. The calcination of animal bone was conducted at 900 °C for 2 h. The raw material and the resulting heterogeneous catalyst were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The effects of reaction time, microwave power, methanol/oil molar ratio, catalyst loading and reusability of catalyst were systematically investigated. The optimum conditions, which yielded a conversion of oil of nearly 94%, were reaction time 5 min and microwave power 800 W. The results indicated that the NHAp catalysts derived from pork bone showed good reusability and had high potential to be used as biodiesel production catalysts under microwave-assisted transesterification of Jatropha Curcas oil with methanol.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CELLULOSE NANOWHISKERS (CNWs) AND CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS (CNFs)

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 501-510
Author(s):  
ZHIJUN HU ◽  
XINYU CAO ◽  
DALIANG GUO ◽  
YINCHAO XU ◽  
PING WU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulose Nanowhiskers ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Economic Output

Cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) from plant biomass are of considerable interest, primarily due to their low density, biodegradability, mechanical strength, economic output, and renewability. Here, a new pretreatment method has been developed to produce CNWs based on supercritical CO2 and ethanol. The raw material was micro-fibrillated cellulose (MFC) and experimental factors were controlled to enhance the properties of CNWs produced using a ball-milling technique following supercritical CO2 pretreatment. Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were also prepared using a high-pressure Microfluidizer©. A comparative study was conducted of the properties of the raw materials, the CNWs and the CNFs. The solid yields of P-MFC after supercritical CO2 pretreatment gradually decreased, along with the temperature and the reaction time. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the CNWs and CNFs show that the morphology of the CNWs was basically acicular, while that of the CNFs was mainly soft fibrous. Thermogravimetric analysis results suggest that the thermal stability of the CNWs was substantially higher than those of the CNFs and the raw material. XRD results indicate that the crystallinity showed an initial increasing trend and then declined with increasing temperature and reaction time, and the crystallinity value of CNWs was higher than that of CNFs. The smaller CNWs became rougher and had a larger surface area.

scholarly journals Esterification of Glycerol with Acetic Acid in Bioadditive Triacetin with Fe2O3/Activated Carbon Catalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Zahrul Mufrodi ◽  
Shinta Amelia
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Carbon Catalyst ◽  
Mass Spectometry

Esterification and transesterification processes for biodiesel production generate glycerol which is possible to be converted into triacetin. It is an actractive bioadditive for increasing octane number of fuel. The production of this bioadditive in a biodiesel plant also increases the revenue as raw material comes from biodiesel process production as by-product.This study examines the effects of catalyst concentration and temperature on triacetin production using glycerol from esterification process and acetic acid at volume ratio of 1:3 as raw materials. An activated charcoal as catalyst is activated with sulfuric acid at concentration of 2% and 3% (w/w). The esterification temperatures are varied at 90 and 100°C and the reaction time is set for 3 hours. The samples are taken frequently at certain interval times of 15, 30, and 60 minutes for chemical analysis using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectometry. It is observed that using 2% and 3% (w/w) of catalysts at 90°C and 60 minutes reaction time converts 41.037% and 57.441% of glycerol respectively.

Study on the Synthesis Optimization of Paper Wet-Strengthening Resin PAE

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1135-1138
Author(s):  
Shi Min Chen ◽  
Hong Xiang Zhu ◽  
Nan Nan Xia ◽  
Shuang Fei Wang ◽  
Hai Nong Song
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Adipic Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Injection Time ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Wet Strength ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Diethylene Triamine

The Polyamide Polyamine Epichlorhydrin Resin was obtained by using adipic acid, diethylene triamine and epoxy chloropropane as raw materials. The factors that would affect the properties of PAE resin were considered, including the reaction time, the dosage of the epoxy chloropropane, the injection time of epoxy chloropropane and the soaking time, and the wet strengthening property of PAE resin were studied through experiments. The results are as following: the ratio of epoxy chloropropane to diethylenetriamine is 1:1, the injection time of epoxy chloropropane is 8.5 min, the reaction temperature is 75 °C and the soaking time is 35min~40min. Under the optimum conditions, the PAE has a higher wet-strength and solid content, and its viscosity up to 25~35cp.

Reaction Mechanism and Impact Factors Analysis of Transesterification Biodiesel Production

2011 ◽  
Vol 343-344 ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Xiang Yu Li ◽  
Jian Chun Jiang ◽  
Kui Wang ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
Yi Wei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Synthesis Reaction ◽  
Factors Analysis

The preparation and production technology of biodiesel was explained in this paper. The transesterification mechanism was discussed from the synthesis reaction of biodiesel. Then the synthetic effects on the reaction were investigated such as water of the raw material oil, free fatty acids, temperature, pressure, catalyst, reaction time, alcohol-oil ratios, the mixing degree of raw materials and other aspects. The best synthetic technology was obtained.

Preparation and Characteristics of Expanded Graphite

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 2695-2698
Author(s):  
Yan Feng Yang ◽  
Xue Jun Zhang ◽  
Xiao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Expanded Graphite ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Flake Graphite

Expanded graphite (EG) was prepared using fine flake graphite that could go through 50 mesh as raw material, perchloric acid as inserting agent and concentrated nitric acid as oxidant. The effects of amount of raw materials, reaction time and reaction temperature on expanded volume and sorption capacity of EG were studied, and microstructure of EG were characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscope. The results show the best process conditions are as follows: m(flake graphite):m(perchloric acid):m(concentrated nitric acid)=1:6:0.18, the reaction time is 50 min and the reaction temperature is 35°C. The reaction condition is moderate and is controlled easily. The sorption capacity of EG will increase almost linearly with increase of expanded volume. The largest expanded volume and sorption capacity of EG are 241 ml/g and 89g/g, respectively, when the expanding temperature is 800°C.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN KARBOKSIMETIL SELULOSA DARI KULIT PISANG KEPOK DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI NATRIUM HIDROKSIDA, NATRIUM MONOKLOROASETAT, TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU REAKSI

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Saputri Ayuningtiyas ◽  
Feni Dwi Desiyana ◽  
Siswarni MZ
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Substitution Degree ◽  
Materials Used

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a derivative cellulose which is soluble an in water (hydrophilic colloid). This material effective to bind water to provide a uniform texture and increase viscosity. The aim  of this study is to utilize banana peel as a raw material to synthesis CMC and determine the best conditions in the process of synthesis CMC from banana peel. The materials used were banana peel, water, aquades, NaOH, Natirum monochloroacetat and glacial acetic acid. The variables in this study were NaOH concentration, natirum monochloroacetat mass, temperature and reaction time. In this  research consists of four stages there are preparation of raw materials, alkalization, carboxymethylation, and neutralization. The results of this research  shows the variatioon NaOH concentration 20%  and  temperature of 45oC degree, mol rasio of  cellulose:sodium monochloroacetat 1:1,6 with a reaction time of 120 minutes obtained the highest substitution degree of 0,73-0.812. The FTIR analysis shows the presence of the O-H, C-H, C = O, C-0, CH2 and 1,4 β-glycoside function groups known to have the same function groups as the commercial carboxymethyl cellulose.

Study on the Influence of Different Catalysts on the Preparation of Ethyl Levulinate from Biomass Liquefaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-400
Author(s):  
Shuhua Yang ◽  
Qian Guan ◽  
Zijie Li ◽  
Haiyan Xu ◽  
Zhiwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Ethyl Levulinate ◽  
Catalyst Type ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Catalyst Dosage

The liquefaction experiments of straw biomass under heating and pressure were carried out with sulfuric acid and three ionic liquids as catalysts, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM] [Cl]), 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([BMIM] [HSO4]), 1-methyl-3-(4-sulfobutyl) imidazole bisulphate ([HSO3-BMIM] [HSO4]), and anhydrous ethanol as solvent. The effects of catalyst type and dosage, reaction time and reaction temperature on liquefaction were investigated and optimized. The results showed that under the catalysis of sulfuric acid, the yield of ethyl levulinate was the highest; [HSO3-BMIM] [HSO4], the conversion of raw materials was the highest; when sulfuric acid was used as catalyst, the optimum reaction conditions were catalyst dosage 10%, reaction temperature 190 °C, reaction time 60 min, the yield of ethyl levulinate (EL) was 18.11%, and the conversion of raw materials was 75%. When [HSO3-BMIM] [HSO4] was used as catalyst, the optimum reaction conditions were as follows: catalyst dosage 26%, reaction temperature 200 °C, reaction time 60 min, the yield of EL was 10.2%, conversion of raw material 85.31%.

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MASSES: IMPROVEMENT BY COMPLEX MATERIAL ACTIVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-351
Author(s):  
A. S. Mavlyanov ◽  
E. K. Sardarbekova
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Masses

Introduction. The objective of the research is to study the effect of the complex activation of the alumina raw material on the rheological properties of the ceramic mass. In addition, the authors investigate solutions for the application of optimal coagulation structures based on loams and ash together with plastic certificates.Materials and methods. The authors used the local forest like reserves of clay loams at the BashKarasu, ash fields of the Bishkek Central Heating Centre (BTEC) and plasticizer (sodium naphthenate obtained from alkaline chemical production wastes) as fibrous materials. Moreover, the authors defined technological properties of raw materials within standard laboratory methodology in accordance with current GOSTs.Results. The researchers tested plastic durability on variously prepared masses for the choice of optimal structures. The paper demonstrated the plastic durability of complexly activated compounds comparing with non-activated and mechanically activated compounds. The sensitivity coefficient increased the amount of clay loams by mechanically and complexly activated, which predetermined the possibility of intensifying the process of drying samples based on complexly activated masses.Discussion and conclusions. However, mechanical activation of clay material reduces the period of relaxation and increases the elasticity coefficient of ceramic masses by 1.8–3.4 times, meanwhile decreases elasticity, viscosity and the conventional power during molding, which generally worsens the molding properties of the masses. Сomplex activation of ash-clay material decreases the period of relaxation and provides an increase in elasticity, plasticity of ceramic masses by 46–47%, reduction in viscosity by 1.5–2 times, conventional power on molding by 37–122% in comparison with MA clay loams. Ceramic masses based on spacecraft alumina raw materials belong to the SMT with improved rheological properties; products based on them pass through the mouthpiece for 5–7 seconds.

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