scholarly journals City of Dog

2020 ◽  
pp. 009614422091013
Author(s):  
Sam Ottewill-Soulsby
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Roman Culture ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
The City

To be fully human in the Greco-Roman world was to be a member of a city. This is unsurprising as cities were the building blocks of Greek and Roman culture and society. The urban landscape of post-Roman Western Europe looked dramatically different, with smaller, less economically diverse cities which played a smaller role in administration. Despite this, Greco-Roman ideas of humans as city-beings remained influential. This article explores this by investigating early medieval descriptions of cynocephali, which sought to determine whether the dog-headed men were human or not. Accounts of the cynocephali that presented them as human showed them living in urban settlements, whereas in reports of non-human cynocephali there are no cities. In exploring interactions between cynocephali and urban settings through ethnographic portrayals and hagiography, this article traces the lingering importance of the city for concepts of humanity.

scholarly journals ‘I am not strong to dig and I am afraid to beg’: Social status and status concern in the parable of the Dishonest Steward (Lk 16:1–9)

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Ndekha
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Roman World ◽  
History Of Interpretation ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Literary Context ◽  
Shame Culture ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Roman Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interpretative Framework

This article offers a reading of the parable of the Dishonest Steward from the perspective of Greco-Roman status concern. It observes that the parable has a long and complicated history of interpretation. The different approaches in the reading of the parable reveal the unresolved quest in scholarship to establish a reading of the parable that takes into account both the steward’s act of generosity towards his master’s debtors and the praise that follows this action. This article proposes the Greco-Roman status concern as a framework for understanding the meaning of the parable in its original context. Status concern was the spirit of tenacity in maintaining one’s status and honour against all odds characteristic of Greco-Roman honour and shame culture. The article argues that when the parable is read within its literary context, it reveals that at the heart of Jesus’ message in the parable is the theme of persistence as an attribute of authentic discipleship. This understanding of the parable resonates with the entrenched Greco-Roman spirit of status concern. The interpretation would also have been relevant to Luke’s Greco-Roman auditors living on the periphery of the Greco-Roman culture with the constant pressures to conform to the ethos of the larger social context. The steward’s resolve to maintain his status even in the most difficult circumstances provided a paradigm for those Christ-followers to remain steadfast in the faith against all odds.Contribution: The article presents an alternative interpretation of the parable of the Dishonest Steward. By proposing status concern as an interpretative framework, it offers both new insights into the socio-economic and socio-cultural realities of Luke’s world and the continuing evidence of the contribution of Greco-Roman world to the development of the New Testament texts.

scholarly journals Evaluation of functional zoning effectiveness and calculation of recreational load of Presnensky City Park in Moscow

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
N. G. Ovchinnikova ◽  
A. M. Latsushba
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Planning Practice ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Functional Zoning ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
The City ◽  
City Park

The increase in the degree of urban settlements’ urbanization, the increase in the territories of industrial and residential zones, the increase in the level of motorization play a major role in changes in the ecology of the city, the destruction of the existing natural framework and the increase in the recreational load on the urban landscape. The natural framework has entered urban planning practice as one of the main prerequisites in the process of modernizing the principles of territorial planning, focused on saving resources while solving problems related to the protection of natural areas. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the city park "Presnensky" to assess the effectiveness of the existing functional zoning, as well as calculated indicators of the load on the recreational potential of the territory.

scholarly journals Integrated approach to area development, preservation and protection of natural landscape

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (4) ◽  
pp. 042029
Author(s):  
Natalia Ovchinnikova ◽  
Natalia Aliyeva ◽  
Irina Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Integral Structure ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The City ◽  
Area Development

Abstract The process of modernization of spatial planning principles focused on the conservation of resources in solving problems related to the protection of natural areas is impossible without the effective use of natural framework of the area under study through its zoning. Natural framework is formed on the basis of hydrographic system taking into account the conditions of geomorphology and topography of the territory in the form of an integral structure of green spaces. The growing degree of urbanization of urban settlements, increase in industrial and residential areas, and growing level of motorization play a major role in changing the ecology of the city, destruction of the existing natural framework and increasing recreational load on the urban landscape.

'The Roman Family' in Recent Research: State of the Question

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beryl Rawson
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Domestic Space ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Cultural Differentiation ◽  
Roman Culture ◽  
The City

AbstractIn the past two decades of rapid expansion,the study of ‘the Roman family’ has developed from its early focus on the city of Rome and on legal, literary and epigraphical sources to a wider geographical canvas and to more extensive use of archaeological material. The whole range of sources is now being applied to particular problems, providing different perspectives and a better chance of contextualising specific details. Of the new methodologies available, demography and the archaeology of domestic space are proving most productive. Questions most frequently debated are the Romans’ concept of ‘the family’ and the nature of family relationships. There is a growing recognition that regional and cultural differentiation must be taken into account: generalisations about ‘the Mediterranean world’ or even ‘Greco-Roman culture’ are seldom useful. Similarly, regional differentiations in early Christianity are being recognised: Christian communities were likely to share many of the characteristics of the city or area in which they were developing. This makes the growing dialogue between Romanists and Early Christian scholars profitable and stimulating, and topics of particular fertilisation are those of family relationships and domestic space.

Commerce in the Dark Ages: A Critique of the Evidence

1959 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 123-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Grierson
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Roman Society ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Dark Ages ◽  
Land Mass ◽  
The Mediterranean

When Pirenne contributed an article entitled ‘Mahomet et Charlemagne’ to the first issue of the Revue Belge de Philologie et d'Histoire in 1922, he can have little realized how the ideas he there put forward were to be developed. His paper was designed as a protest against the traditional and deep-rooted conviction of western scholars that Latin Christendom was the direct and almost the sole heir of classical antiquity. Its argument was the now familiar one that Greco-Roman society survived with little change the shock of the Germanic invasions, and that it was only the appearance of Islam upon the scene that pushed the centre of Latin Christendom away from the Mediterranean and made possible the emergence of a new cultural unit based upon the land mass of western Europe. Medieval Christendom was not a continuation of the Roman world but something new, and Muhammed was a necessary precursor of Charlemagne

Jews and Christians in the Polis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Christopher Stroup
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Acts Of The Apostles ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Christian Identity ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Communal Life ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
The Many ◽  
The City

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the importance of ethnicity and ethnic rhetoric to the formation of ancient Christian identity. The cities of the Roman Empire were filled with gods and the citizens who honored them with festivals, processions, buildings, and benefactions. The followers of Jesus—later called Christians—lived and moved in these cities, navigating avenues lined with statues honoring various deities, organizing their days and months around the feast days that structured civic calendars, and wandering past (and through) the many temples and shrines that populated the busy urban landscape. The importance of this urban context should not be overlooked: civic, ethnic, and religious identities were intertwined with these visible, material, and practical signs of communal life, wherever one was placed within the city's bustling topography. Connections between life in the city and daily religious practices were therefore fundamental to the development of Christian identity. This book then compares the literary construction of Jewish and Christian identity in Acts of the Apostles with the material construction of various ethnic and civic identities by inhabitants of Roman-era cities. It argues that Acts represents Jewish identity as hybrid and multiple in order to situate the earliest Christians within the Greco-Roman city as members of an ideal Jewish community, which was both ancestral and accepted in the city.

Antioch on the Orontes

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde E. Fant ◽  
Mitchell G. Reddish
Keyword(s):  
Biblical Studies ◽  
Julius Caesar ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
The Third ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
The World ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Roman Province ◽  
The City

At one time Antioch on the Orontes was one of the three largest and most important cities of the Greco-Roman world, along with Rome and Alexandria (Egypt). Although Antioch faded from prominence centuries ago, the present city, with its population of approximately 150,000, is still a rewarding place to visit. The museum of the city, the Hatay Archaeological Museum, contains one of the best collections of ancient mosaics of any museum in the world. In ancient times Antioch on the Orontes was a part of Syria and thus is sometimes referred to, especially in biblical studies, as Antioch of Syria. (Fifteen other cities in the ancient world were named Antioch as well.) Today the city, now known as Antakya, is just north of the Syrian border, in the Hatay province of southern Turkey. The Orontes River (today called the Asi) connected the city to the Mediterranean Sea. Seleucus I Nicator, one of the generals of Alexander the Great, founded the city. At first Antigonus, another general, controlled Syria, but he was defeated in 301 by Seleucus and other leaders. Seleucus then gained control of Syria and established his own cities, including Antioch and its port city of Seleucia Pieria. Seleucus named the city, which soon became the capital of the Seleucid kingdom, after his father, Antiochus. Subsequent Seleucid rulers, including Antiochus I Soter (r. 281–261 B.C.E.), Seleucus II Callinicus (r. 246–225 B.C.E.), and Antiochus IV Epiphanes (r. 175– 164 B.C.E.), enlarged and enhanced the city. Tigranes of Armenia captured the city in 83 B.C.E., but in 66 B.C.E. he was defeated by the Roman general Pompey, who made Antioch the capital of the Roman province of Syria. Both Julius Caesar and Augustus visited the city, and both erected various buildings there. (The wedding of Mark Antony to Cleopatra likely took place in Antioch. Ancient sources indicate it occurred in Syria but do not specify the city. As the capital, Antioch was the likely location.) During the Roman period, Antioch was a large, cosmopolitan city, the third largest city in the Roman world after Rome and Alexandria.

The City in Roman Palestine

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Sperber
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
City Life ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Archeological Evidence ◽  
The City ◽  
Roman Palestine

This book is a study of the city and urban life in Roman Palestine during the Talmudic period, 100-400 B.C. Rather than focus on a specific city, Daniel Sperber synthesizes what is known about city life in Talmudic Palestine to create a paradigmatic hypothetical Palestinian city. Drawing on numerous literary records for his information, he describes the structure and use of many physical aspects of the city, such as its markets, pubs, streets, bathhouses, roads, walls, toilets, and water supply. Rounding out the study is a chapter describing the archeological evidence, written by Sperber's colleague, Professor Joshua Schwartz. With the recent upsurge of interest in urbanization in the Greco-Roman world, The City in Roman Palestine will attract not only scholars of Judaic literature and history, but also classicists and ancient historians.

Did the Ancients Know the Artichoke?

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
clifford a. wright
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Cynara Cardunculus ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Early Medieval Period ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Linguistic Evidence

This article, by examining the genetic, iconographical, historical, and linguistic evidence, supports the argument that the cultivated artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (L.) Fiori) developed from the cardoon (C. cardunculus L. var. altilis DC) and that the artichoke was unknown in the Greco-Roman world and was most probably developed by Arab or Arab-Sicilian horticulturalists in the early medieval period——that is, between the seventh and tenth centuries A.D., probably in Sicily. The article considers genetic variability and the relationships between cultivars and wild taxa, as well as the problem of synonymy, the fact that a plant can take different names according to where it is cultivated. The article examines both classical Latin and medieval Arab and European writers who wrote about artichokes or cardoons and explores the linguistic problems associated with those plants' Arabic or Persian names.

The eternal spirit of Thalassa: The transmission of classical maritime symbolism into byzantine cultural identity

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 51-69
Author(s):  
Janet Wade
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Christian Churches ◽  
Roman Culture ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
The City ◽  
Hearts And Minds ◽  
Vast Network

In antiquity, the sea held an important place in the hearts and minds of those living in the Mediterranean region, and maritime motifs were popular across a range of literary and artistic genres. Classical maritime imagery was transmitted almost seamlessly into early medieval and Byzantine cultural identity, despite its overt polytheistic connotations. Mosaics depicting maritime deities and mythological seafaring scenes were installed in private residences and Christian churches. Poets wrote of Fortune steering the ship of life and orators spoke of leaders at the helm of their state. Didactic and ecclesiastical texts taught of the corrupting nature of merchants and the sea, and compared the trials and tribulations of everyday life and faith with storms and squalls. The Christian church also became viewed as a ship or safe harbour. Seafaring imagery was regularly imbued with both traditional and contemporary religious, political, and cultural relevance. This paper argues that the ongoing popularity of maritime symbolism was not only a throwback to classical times or because seafaring themes had a greater relevance to Christians than non-Christians. Thalassa (the Sea) had always been important in Greek and Roman thought, and she acquired a more tangible and pervasive presence in the lives of those in the late antique Roman East. Unlike Rome, the eastern capital at Constantinople was itself a great maritime entrepot. The maritime cultural milieu that dominated coastal Mediterranean regions played an influential role in the city and its far-reaching empire. Constantinople sat at the centre of a vast network of seaports and was a major hub of Roman culture and communication. With the city's foundation, classical maritime imagery acquired a contemporary cultural and political relevance; even as the Graeco-Roman world slowly evolved into a Christian one.

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