The Role of Academic Skills in the Evolution of Conduct Problems and Depressive Symptoms Among Children With and Without Early Clinically Significant Conduct Problems

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-370
Author(s):  
Martine Poirier ◽  
Caroline E. Temcheff ◽  
Michèle Déry ◽  
Jean Toupin ◽  
Pierrette Verlaan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Academic Skills ◽  
Cascade Models ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Different Levels

Youth with conduct problems present frequently depressive symptoms. Academic skills are thought to be a mediating variable by which conduct problems could lead to depressive symptoms. No studies have longitudinally compared this model among school-aged boys and girls with different levels of conduct problems. Cascade models were tested to examine the relations between conduct problems, depressive symptoms, and academic skills over a 3-year period, and whether the severity of conduct problems and gender moderated these associations. Participants were 381 children presenting early clinically significant conduct problems (44.9% female) and 363 children with low levels of conduct problems (48.8% female). While results did not show any cascade or indirect associations, they revealed different direct links between conduct problems or depressive symptoms and academic skills in the four groups. These findings suggest that conduct problems severity and gender differences should be considered in treatment planning.

Do They Really Mean It? Children’s Inference of Speaker Intentions and the Role of Age and Gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-712
Author(s):  
K. Rothermich ◽  
O. Caivano ◽  
L.J. Knoll ◽  
V. Talwar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
Speaker Intentions ◽  
And Gender

Interpreting other people’s intentions during communication represents a remarkable challenge for children. Although many studies have examined children’s understanding of, for example, sarcasm, less is known about their interpretation. Using realistic audiovisual scenes, we invited 124 children between 8 and 12 years old to watch video clips of young adults using different speaker intentions. After watching each video clip, children answered questions about the characters and their beliefs, and the perceived friendliness of the speaker. Children’s responses reveal age and gender differences in the ability to interpret speaker belief and social intentions, especially for scenarios conveying teasing and prosocial lies. We found that the ability to infer speaker belief of prosocial lies and to interpret social intentions increases with age. Our results suggest that children at the age of 8 years already show adult-like abilities to understand literal statements, whereas the ability to infer specific social intentions, such as teasing and prosocial lies, is still developing between the age of 8 and 12 years. Moreover, girls performed better in classifying prosocial lies and sarcasm as insincere than boys. The outcomes expand our understanding of how children observe speaker intentions and suggest further research into the development of teasing and prosocial lie interpretation.

scholarly journals Exploring Gender Differences in Support for Rightist Parties: The Role of Party and Gender Ideology

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 80-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosie Campbell ◽  
Silvia Erzeel
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Gender Ideologies ◽  
Populist Radical Right ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right

This contribution to the Special Issue on Gender and Conservatism uses expert and election surveys to explore the extent to which the feminist or traditional gender ideology of parties of the right relates to their economic and liberal/authoritarian ideology. We show that although parties of the left generally espouse more feminist ideologies than parties of the right, there are a significant number of rightist parties in Western Europe that combine laissez-faire economic values with liberal feminist ideals. That said, there is more homogeneity among parties of the populist radical right than rightist parties more generally. We find that despite some variation in their gender ideology, parties of the populist radical right overwhelmingly—with the exception of one party in the Netherlands—continue to adopt traditional or antifeminist gender ideologies. In terms of attracting women voters, we find that rightist parties who adopt a feminist gender ideology are able to attract more women voters than other parties of the right. We detect several examples of center-right parties that include feminist elements in their gender ideologies and are able to win over larger proportions of women voters than rightist parties that fail to adopt feminist positions.

School dropout: The role of childhood conduct problems and depressive symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne A. Lau ◽  
Caroline E. Temcheff ◽  
Martine Poirier ◽  
Vincent Bégin ◽  
Melissa Commisso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
School Dropout ◽  
Childhood Conduct Problems ◽  
Childhood Conduct

Interpersonal Stress Generation—A Girl Problem? The Role of Depressive Symptoms, Dysfunctional Attitudes, and Gender in Early Adolescent Stress Generation

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Meiser ◽  
Günter Esser
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Interpersonal Stress ◽  
German Children ◽  
And Gender

To provide further insight into stress generation patterns in boys and girls around puberty, this study investigated longitudinal reciprocal relations between depressive symptoms, dysfunctional attitudes, and stress generation, the process by which individuals contribute to the occurrence of stress in interpersonal contexts (e.g., problematic social interactions) or in noninterpersonal contexts (e.g., achievement problems). A community sample of N = 924 German children and early adolescents (51.8% male) completed depressive symptoms and dysfunctional attitudes measures at T1 and again 20 months later (T2). Stressful life events were reported at T2. Dysfunctional attitudes were unrelated to stress generation. Interpersonal, but not noninterpersonal, dependent stress partially mediated the relationship between initial and later depressive symptoms, with girls being more likely to generate interpersonal stress in response to depressive symptoms. Findings underscore the role of interpersonal stress generation in the early development of depressive symptomatology, and in the gender difference in depression prevalence emerging around puberty.

scholarly journals Exploring Age and Gender Differences in Narcissism and Perfectionism and Their Mental-Health Correlates

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-36
Author(s):  
Éva Kállay ◽  
Alexandra Rebeca Mihoc
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
Environmental Mastery ◽  
And Gender

"The changes occurring in modern society can significantly influence individuals’ well-being, mental health and even personality traits such as narcissism and perfectionism. Since studies investigating age and gender differences in narcissism and perfectionism have produced mixed results, and the number of studies conducted in Romanian population is scarce, the main aims of this study were to investigate possible age and gender differences in narcissism, perfectionism and several mental-health indicators in a sample of healthy participants, as well as specific association patterns between these variables within each group of participants. Our sample included 465 millennials and 149 participants over 35 years of age. The results indicate that millennials reported significantly lower levels of narcissism and self-oriented perfectionism than the older generations, higher levels of depressive symptoms and lower levels of autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and self-acceptance. Female millennials reported lower levels of narcissistic traits and higher levels of socially-prescribed perfectionism, depressive symptoms, personal growth, and positive relations with others than male participants. Older females indicated significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms and loneliness than male participants. Regarding association patterns, in the group of millennial women narcissism was positively correlated with self-oriented, socially-prescribed perfectionism and subjective well-being, and negatively with loneliness, environmental mastery and purpose in life. In millennial males, we found significant positive correlations only between narcissism and subjective well-being and environmental mastery. Our findings may have important implications for the literature regarding millennials and can contribute to the interventions and prevention programs designed to improve their well-being. Keywords: millennials, narcissism, perfectionism, mental health indicators, age and gender differences "

Abstract 425: Is Adventitial Thickening a Pathogenic Factor in Aortic Atherosclerosis?: A Controlled Transesophageal Echocardiographic Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis P Roldan ◽  
Paola C Roldan ◽  
Brennan N Gibbs ◽  
Richard Snider ◽  
Michelle D Ratliff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Pathogenic Factor ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Echocardiographic Study ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Different Levels

Background: Aortic (Ao) atherosclerosis is common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is best assessed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and is characterized by increased intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaques. Although TEE may also allow characterization of Ao adventitial thickness (AT), there is limited data on the pathogenic role of adventitial thickening in Ao atherosclerosis. Methods: 68 SLE patients (62 women, age 36 ± 12 years) and 25 age-and-gender matched healthy controls (22 women, age 34 ± 11 years) underwent multiplane TEE. At a depth of 3-4 cm using narrow sector scan, 2-dimensional guided M-mode images were obtained to assess the presence of plaques, IMT outside of plaques, AT outside of plaques, and AT in plaques at three different levels of the thoracic Ao (proximal, mid, distal). At each aortic level, 3 IMT and 3 AT measurements were taken during end diastole using electronic calipers. These measurements were then averaged. Unaware of subjects’ clinical data, one observer assessed for IMT and plaques while a second observer assessed AT. For purpose of analysis, intima-media thickening was defined as >1 mm which is >2SD above the corresponding overall mean IMT in controls (0.66 ± 0.17 mm), and adventitial thickening as >1.07 mm which is >2SD above the corresponding overall mean AT in controls (0.81 ± 0.13 mm). Plaques were defined as focal-protruding IMT >50% of the surrounding vessel wall at any aortic level. Results: As shown in Table 1A, intima-media thickening and plaques were greater in patients than in controls. Similarly, adventitial thickening was more common in patients than in controls. In addition, AT was greater in patients with intima media thickening, plaques, and intima-media thickening or plaques ( Table 1B) . Furthermore, AT was greater in plaques than AT outside of plaques ( Table 1C ). Conclusion: Adventitial thickening is a pathogenic factor of Ao atherosclerosis in SLE.

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