Ageing and the orchestra: Self-efficacy and engagement in community music-making

This study examines the relationship between age, self-efficacy and intellectual, emotional and social engagement in a group of orchestral players who are a mixture of professional and amateur musicians. Using a concurrent triangulation design, quantitative survey data from 23 orchestral players is cross-validated with qualitative interview data from three of these respondents. Results confirm that intellectual stimulation is high for these orchestral players and is a balance between perceived challenge, effort and reward of the musical tasks. In this particular orchestra, it appears that emotional engagement increases with age for amateur players, yet decreases with age for professionals, which may be due to increasing pressures. Although social engagement is high, with players reporting feeling connected as a group whilst making music, new personal connections may be difficult to forge.

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Commentary: Music in the Community

The Oxford Handbook of Music Education, Volume 2 ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199928019.013.0007 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 98-103

Author(s):

David J. Elliott

Keyword(s):

Music Education ◽

Community Music ◽

Music Making ◽

The People ◽

The Many ◽

The Relationship

This article presents an overview of Section 2 of the Oxford Handbook of Music Education, Volume 2. It considers John Dewey's (1927) thoughts on the relationship between the “goods” (values, benefits) of some kind of activity and the nature of “community.” It argues that it is highly unlikely that there will never be a fixed concept or “how-to” of community music. For however and wherever community music is conceived and practiced, this elusive phenomenon continues to evolve and diversify locally and internationally to meet the changing needs of the people it serves today and those it will serve tomorrow. It reinvents itself continuously in relation to the musics and technologies its practitioners and clients desire and appropriate; and, of course, community music matures constantly as community music facilitators deploy their creativity to reframe, adjust, combine, integrate, and overlap existing ways of empowering people to make music for the realization of its many “goods” and the many ways that music making, musical sharing, and musical caring creates “community.”

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Task engagement and comprehensibility in interaction

Journal of Second Language Pronunciation ◽

10.1075/jslp.21006.tro ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pavel Trofimovich ◽

Oguzhan Tekin ◽

Kim McDonough

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Positive Affect ◽

Time Management ◽

Social Engagement ◽

Exploratory Study ◽

Task Engagement ◽

Emotional Engagement ◽

English Speakers ◽

Peer Ratings ◽

The Relationship

Abstract This exploratory study examined the relationship between second language (L2) English speakers’ comprehensibility and their interactional behaviors as they engaged in a conversation with fellow L2 speakers. Thirty-six pairs of L2 English university students completed a 10-minute academic discussion task and subsequently rated each other’s comprehensibility. Transcripts of their conversation were coded for eight measures of task engagement, including cognitive/behavioral engagement (idea units, language-related episodes), social engagement (encouragement, responsiveness, task and time management, backchanneling, nodding), and emotional engagement (positive affect). Speakers who showed more encouragement and nodding were perceived as easier to understand, whereas those who produced more frequent language-focused episodes and demonstrated more responsiveness were rated as harder to understand. These findings provide initial evidence for an association between L2 speakers’ interactional behaviors and peer-ratings of comprehensibility, highlighting L2 comprehensibility as a multifaceted and interaction-driven construct.

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Musical Creativity and Well-Being

The Oxford Handbook of the Creative Process in Music ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190636197.013.14 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Raymond MacDonald ◽

Graeme Wilson ◽

Felicity Baker

Keyword(s):

Music Education ◽

Music Therapy ◽

Social Engagement ◽

Spinal Injury ◽

Well Being ◽

Community Music ◽

General Music ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Music Making ◽

Musical Engagement

Participating in musical activities involves an immersive spectrum of psychological and social engagement. Connections between musical participation and health have been discussed for centuries, and relationships between the processes of music making and well-being outcomes have garnered considerable research interest. This chapter reviews studies investigating such associations to identify how creative aspects of musical engagement in particular can be understood to enhance health. The chapter begins by offering some suggestions about why these processes may have beneficial effects. Three key contexts for beneficial musical engagement (music education, music therapy, and community music) are examined: an organization (Limelight) that delivers music activities for individuals from disadvantaged groups; group improvisation music therapy sessions for individuals with cancer; and songwriting sessions for individuals following spinal injury. The relative contributions of creative process and creative product are considered, and psychological concepts such as identity, flow, agency, and scaffolding are suggested as important. The discussion extrapolates wider implications of this work to include general music making beyond clinical, educational, and community contexts.

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Community Music Contexts, Dynamics, and Sustainability

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219505.013.29 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Huib Schippers

Keyword(s):

Community Music ◽

Music Making ◽

Key Characteristics ◽

The World ◽

The Relationship ◽

Music Activities

Across the world, much community music-making continues to flourish as ‘organic’ practices. But as communities and their circumstances change, sometimes the need arises for active interventions with the aim to establish or restore. It is mostly these interventions that are now widely referred to as ‘community music activities’. A third—and rarely recognized—aspect on the community music spectrum is institutionalized music-making. Often depicted as the very antithesis of community music-making, I will argue in this chapter that most music institutions in fact arose from an expressed community need, and they are therefore essential in understanding the full scope and dynamics of community music-making. Next, a nine-domain framework of key characteristics of community music practices serves to address the problem of trying to define a great diversity of practices. From there, the discussion moves towards the relationship between community and the sustainability of music practices, introducing the concept of ‘musical ecosystems’.

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Effect of Self-efficacy and Emotional Engagement on Introductory Programming Students

Australasian Journal of Information Systems ◽

10.3127/ajis.v23i0.1825 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Geetha Kanaparan ◽

Rowena Cullen ◽

David Mason

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Online Survey ◽

Emotional Engagement ◽

Failure Rates ◽

Introductory Programming ◽

Programming Students ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Relationship ◽

Introductory Programming Courses ◽

Programming Courses

High failure rates appear to be a norm in introductory programming courses. Many solutions have been proposed to improve the high failure rates. Surprisingly, these solutions have not lead to significant improvements in the performance of students in introductory programming courses. In this study, the relationship between self-efficacy, emotional engagement and the performance of students in introductory programming courses were examined. Enjoyment, interest, and gratification were identified as three factors contributing to emotional engagement in introductory programming courses from a review of existing literature and from focus groups. An online survey of 433 students in introductory programming courses showed that the students’ programming self-efficacy beliefs had a strong positive effect on enjoyment, while gratification and interest had a negative effect on programming performance. These findings have implications for course instructors who design and deliver introductory programming courses.

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The Mediating Effect on Self-Efficacy in The Relationship Between Gender Identity and Leadership Style

JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH ◽

10.24297/jssr.v15i.8554 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Sabine Sabine Pohl ◽

Pascale Desrumaux ◽

Anne-Marie Vonthron

Keyword(s):

Gender Identity ◽

Leadership Styles ◽

Leadership Style ◽

Gender Stereotypes ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Intellectual Stimulation ◽

Leadership Roles ◽

Female Leaders ◽

The Relationship

According to role congruence theory (Eagly & Karau, 2002), it is not the evaluative content of the stereotype of women but its mismatch with leadership roles that underlies women discrimination with regards to leadership roles. The current study sought to establish whetherleader’s gender identity or the extent to which the leader possesses traits associated with traditional gender stereotypes may explain leadership styles.Using a sample of 163 managers working within bank and personal care services, results show that among both male and female leaders, masculine gender identity was more strongly related to group-focused transformational leadership (charisma, inspirational motivation and idealized influence), transformational intellectual stimulation leadership and to transactional leadership styles. Furthermore, the results show that masculine leadership self-efficacy mediates the relationship between gender identity and leadership styles. Results are discussed in relation to previous research.

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Employee Strengths Use and Thriving at Work

Journal of Personnel Psychology ◽

10.1027/1866-5888/a000262 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 197-205

Author(s):

He Ding ◽

Xixi Chu

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Mediation Model ◽

Model Data ◽

Strengths Use ◽

Moderated Mediation Model ◽

Indirect Relationship ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Humble Leadership ◽

Thriving At Work

Abstract. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of employee strengths use with thriving at work by proposing a moderated mediation model. Data were collected at two time points, spaced by a 2-week interval. A total of 260 medical staff completed strengths use, perceived humble leadership, self-efficacy, and thriving scales. The results of path analysis showed that strengths use is positively related to thriving, and self-efficacy mediates the relationship of strengths use with thriving. In addition, this study also found perceived humble leadership to positively moderate the direct relationship of strengths use with self-efficacy and the indirect relationship of strengths use with thriving via self-efficacy. This study contributes to a better understanding of how and when strengths use affects thriving.

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