Prevalence and Effects of Daily and Major Experiences of Racial Discrimination and Microaggressions among Black Individuals in Canada

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110234
Author(s):  
Jude Mary Cénat ◽  
Saba Hajizadeh ◽  
Rosy Darly Dalexis ◽  
Assumpta Ndengeyingoma ◽  
Mireille Guerrier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Racial Microaggressions ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Prevention Research ◽  
Job Status ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Black Canadians ◽  
Public Commitment ◽  
Police Encounters

The prevalence and correlates of different forms of racial discrimination among Black Canadians are unknown. This article aims to examine the prevalence of different forms of racial discrimination (daily, major and microaggressions) and their association with self-esteem and satisfaction with life among Black Canadians. A convenience sample of 845 Black Canadians aged 15–40 was recruited. We assessed frequencies of everyday and major racial discrimination, and racial microaggressions against Black Canadians and their association with self-esteem and satisfaction with life, controlling for gender, age, job status, education, and matrimonial status. At least 4 out of 10 participants declared having being victims of everyday racial discrimination at least once per week. Between 46.3% and 64.2% of participants declared having been victims of major racial discrimination in various situations including education, job hiring, job dismissal, health services, housing, bank and loans, and police encounters. Significant gender differences were observed for everyday and major racial discrimination with higher frequencies among female participants. A total of 50.2% to 93.8% of participants declared having been victims of at least one episode of racial microaggressions. Results showed a significant negative association between racial discrimination and satisfaction with life ( b = –0.26, p = .003), and self-esteem ( b = –0.23, p = .009). This study highlights the need to stop colorblind policies in different sectors in Canada, and for a public commitment to combat racism at the municipal, provincial and federal levels. Implications are discussed for prevention, research and public health.

Burnout, depressive symptoms, job demands and satisfaction with life: discriminant validity and explained variance

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara Thuynsma ◽  
Leon T de Beer
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Weight Analysis ◽  
Relative Weight Analysis

Burnout is considered an occupational health concern. The burnout–depression overlap is an important area of research as the foundations of burnout and its diagnostic value have come under increasing scrutiny, calling for burnout to not be classified as an independent disorder but rather as a subtype of depression. Furthermore, as burnout is defined as a work-specific syndrome, workplace factors have been argued to be the major indicators of burnout. Recent research however, calls this into question. This study seeks to establish the overlap between burnout and depressive symptoms and to determine if burnout is in fact a multi-domain phenomenon. A cross-sectional research design was used, a convenience sample of educators from the Gauteng province of South Africa was collected ( N = 399). Confirmatory factor analysis was applied in a structural equation modelling framework. Discriminant validity analysis was conducted by investigating the average variance extracted and the shared variance between constructs. Finally, relative weight analysis was conducted to ascertain the unique contribution explained by the work-specific and general life domain factors. Results showed that burnout could be distinguished from depressive symptoms. Job demands, depressive symptoms, and satisfaction with life all explained significant amounts of variance in the burnout construct. Relative weight analysis revealed that emotional load and depressive symptoms explained equal amounts of variance in burnout, but that the aggregated work-specific factors explained the most variance in burnout. This study indicates that burnout is a multi-domain phenomenon and not isolated to the domain of work. Further research is needed in this regard.

A STUDY OF SELF-ESTEEM, VITALITY AND LIFE SATISFACTION OF ELDERLY PEOPLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-120
Author(s):  
N. Auyelbekova ◽  
◽  
N. Akhtaeva ◽  
D. Klepikov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Work Status ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Factors Affecting

The aim of the research was to study self-esteem as a component of self-regulation, determine the factors affecting the vitality and life satisfaction of elderly people. The study involved 80 respondents aged 60 to 89 years, a 3-day training was held in the center of social services. The influence of life position on self-esteem, vitality and life satisfaction has been proven. The level of vitality affects self-esteem and life satisfaction. Vitality and satisfaction with life are influenced by touchiness, sociability and how much a person understands his feelings. Life satisfaction among elderly people depends on how they express their emotions, beliefs, gender (male> female), age (60<75), income, and work status.

Life satisfaction and its relationship with self-esteem among Najran University students: الرضا عن الحياة لدى طلاب جامعة نجران وعلاقته بتقدير الذات

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (20) ◽  
pp. 168-155
Author(s):  
Najeh Mohammad Zawahreh Najeh Mohammad Zawahreh
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
University Students ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Life Satisfaction Scale

This study aimed to identifying the degree of life satisfaction, the level of self-esteem and the relationship between them among students of Najran University in KSA the study sample consisted of (639) students, of whom (319) were male and (320) female students. The researcher use previous literature to building two measures, the life satisfaction scale and the self-esteem scale. Validity and reliability of both tools were concluded. the results revealed that the degree of life satisfaction among Najran University students was high, and their level of self-esteem was high, and the results showed a strong, positive and significant correlation between the degree of satisfaction with Life and the level of self-esteem, and indicated that there were no differences in life satisfaction and self-esteem among Najran University students due to the gender variable, or type of college variable.The study recommended measuring students' life satisfaction and self-esteem periodically.

scholarly journals On What Do the Homeless Base Their Happiness?

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1512
Author(s):  
Yaiza Cano-González ◽  
Carmen Portillo-Sotelo ◽  
María del Mar Rodríguez-del-Águila ◽  
María Paz García-Caro ◽  
Ana M. Núñez-Negrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Homeless Persons ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Support Strategies ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Objective: To determine the relationship between the characteristics and experiences of homeless persons and their state of happiness as a basis for designing appropriate social support strategies. Design: Exploratory observational study with an analytical and descriptive qualitative design. Setting: Participants were contacted, administered with questionnaires, and interviewed in the street (central and northern areas of the city) or at the “Asociación Calor y Café” center in Granada (Spain) between April 2017 and February 2018. Participants: Selected by intentional sampling, 25 participants completed questionnaires in the first study and 14 of these were administered with questionnaires and interviewed in the second study. Method: General and specific questionnaires were administered to determine the state of happiness and other variables. Descriptive statistics were followed by an analysis of the relationships between variables and the content analysis of semi-structured interviews. Results: A feeling of happiness was described by 64% of participants and confirmed by a happiness scale score of 50%. Participants who felt satisfied with their life were 4.5-fold more likely to feel happy (p = 0.021). Expectations for the future were not associated with happiness or satisfaction with life. Content analysis of interviews revealed three main themes: conditions for happiness, own happiness/unhappiness, and self-esteem. Conclusions: Many homeless people describe themselves as feeling happy and satisfied with their life. Material aspects, affective situations, daily life concerns, and self-esteem predominate in their discourse on happiness.

scholarly journals Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness and Its Relation with Self- Esteem and Social Support among Psychiatric Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Amany A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Internalized Stigma ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Stigma Score ◽  
Stigma Of Mental Illness

Context: Mentally ill patients challenging dual difficulties that are illness and stigma. Internalized stigma viewed as maladaptive psychosocial phenomena that can affect all aspects of mentally ill patient life. Aim: The current study emerged aiming to assess internalized stigma of mental illness and its relation with self-esteem and social support among psychiatric patients. Methods: Descriptive research design used to achieve the aim of this study. A convenience sample of one hundred hospitalized psychiatric patients recruited for the study from inpatient units of Mental Health and Addiction Treatment Hospital in Minia governorate. The data collection tools included socio-demographic and clinical data questionnaire, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, Rosenberg's Self Esteem Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Results: The findings show that less than half of patients have a severe level of total internalized stigma score. There is a highly significant correlation between overall internalized stigma score and its all subscales with self-esteem and social support. Conclusions: Internalized stigma level was high among psychiatric patients. A significant negative correlation found between total internalized stigma score with self-esteem and social support of the studied patients. The study recommended further studies regarding educational interventions to raise awareness and decrease internalized stigma among patient with mental illness. Besides, providing support for patient and families of mentally ill patients to promote their capacity to manage and cope with stigma. 

scholarly journals Psychological Factors Influencing Life Satisfaction of Undergraduates

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bukunmi O Adewumi ◽  
Olubukola Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factors Influencing

This study was designed to assess the psychological factors influencing life satisfaction of undergraduates. The instruments used were Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS), Rosenberge Self-esteem Scale (RSS), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). A total number of 190 participants were purposively selected across various faculties in Ekiti State University. Four hypotheses were tested using Independent t-test to find the effects of perceived stress, emotional intelligence, and self-esteem on life satisfaction. Multiple regression was used to find the joint and individual influences of these variables. The results showed that there is no significant influence of perceived stress on life satisfaction (t (75) = 1.23, p = .22, 95% CI [-1.14, 4.83). There is no significant influence of self-esteem on life satisfaction (t (51) = -1.31, p = .20, 95% CI [-5.28, 1.11), and there is no significant joint influence of perceived stress, emotional intelligence and self-esteem on life satisfaction (F (3,187) = 1.79, p = .15, R2 =.03). Additionally, perceived stress (β = .07, p = .33), emotional intelligence (β = .14, p = 054) and self-esteem (β = .02, p = .83) did not have independent influences on life satisfaction. Implications of the present findings for future research are discussed, as well as potential interventions for improving life satisfaction.

scholarly journals Low Self-Esteem and Selfie Posting Among Young Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-168
Author(s):  
Roberta Biolcati
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Self-esteem is a critical factor in online impression management strategies and could play a crucial role in explaining women’s selfie-posting behaviours. Previous works examining relationships between self-esteem and self-presentation on social media have yielded controversial results. Objective: This study was performed to clarify the relationship between self-esteem and the frequency of taking and posting own, group and partner selfies on Social Networking Sites (SNS). Methods: A sample of 692 Italian young women (18-28 years old) completed questionnaires on self-esteem, satisfaction with life, body satisfaction and selfie posting bahaviours. The low self-esteem group was compared with the high self-esteem group. Results: Results showed that women with low self-esteem are more dissatisfied with their body image and life and significantly they post fewer types of selfies compared to women with high self-esteem. Conclusion: Findings from this study provide new insights into the relation between self-esteem and selfie impression management strategies.

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