Resilience and Related Factors: A Comparison of Fathers and Mothers of Patients With Cleft Lip and/or Palate in China

Background: Resilience has become a hot spot in the field of positive psychology to study life-change events. However, there were little information on resilience among the fathers and mothers of patients with cleft lip and/or palate respectively. The present study aimed to explore and compare the level and potential influential factors associated with resilience among fathers/mothers of patients with cleft lip and/or palate in China.Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out between April 2019 and July 2020 among fathers/mothers of patients with cleft lip and/or palate in two cleft lip and/or palate treatment centers in China. Sixty Nine fathers and 179 mothers of patients with cleft lip and/or palate were interviewed with a questionnaire on demographic variables and the Resilience Scale-14 (RS-14), Herth Hope Index (HHI), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) and Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP). T-test/univariate one-way ANOVA, Pearson's r, hierarchical linear regression analysis were conducted to explore the influential factors of resilience.Results: Fathers of patients with cleft lip and/or palate had a higher level of resilience (77.77 ± 14.18) than mothers (74.52 ± 14.33) though without significance. Resilience was positively associated with hope, perceived social support, optimism and coping and negatively correlated with parenting stress both in the fathers and the mothers. Hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that hope (β = 0.400, P < 0.01), coping (β = 0.281, P < 0.05), job status, medical payments (β = −0.240, P < 0.05) were found to be associated with resilience among the fathers of patients with CL/P, and all four variables in the model could explain 42.8% of the variance in resilience; Hope (β = 0.225, P < 0.05), perceived social support (β = 0.194, P < 0.05), the age of patients (β = 0.189, P < 0.05) were found to be associated with resilience among the mothers, and all three variables in the model could explain 27.6% of the variance in resilience.Conclusion: Our study showed that, in China, fathers of patients with cleft lip and/or palate had a higher level of resilience than mothers though without significance. Hope was the only communal variable strongly associated with resilience among both the fathers and the mothers; besides, coping, job status and medical payments were found to be associated with resilience among the fathers; while perceived social support and the age of patients were found to be associated with resilience among the mothers. The results suggest that enhance hope in parents of patients with cleft lip and/or palate might greatly help improve their resilience. Besides, fathers and mothers need specific intervention to prompt their resilience.

PENGARUH LAMA JAM KERJA PADA IBU BEKERJA TERHADAP PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF

Exclusive breastfeeding (according to WHO) is breastfeeding only for infants up to 6 months of age without additional fluids or other foods. Exclusive breastfeeding is giving only breast milk without other food and drinks. Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 months of life (WHO, 2005). Background: Breastfeeding in Indonesia has not been fully implemented and there is still very low level of exclusive breastfeeding, especially for working mothers. From the results of observations made by researchers, data was obtained that 8 out of 10 working mothers who breastfeed (babies aged 6-12 months) do not exclusively breastfeed their babies, and 9 out of 10 non-working mothers who breastfeed (babies aged 6-12 months) giving exclusive breastfeeding to the baby. Purpose: To determine the relationship between employment status and exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: This type of research is analytic with a cross sectional approach, with job status as the independent variable and exclusive breastfeeding as the dependent variable, using 21 samples. Result: This research was conducted using quantitative methods, namely by distributing a form in the form of a g-form so that it can be concluded that there is a relationship between long working hours for working mothers and exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: there is a relationship between work status and exclusive breastfeeding.

Why Students Prefer “Business Administration Education”?

This chapter aims to identify the factors that are effective in the decisions of business students to choose this department. For this purpose, motivating factors for personality and work life were preferred in the study and questions were prepared in this direction. A and B type personality structures were preferred for the personality factor. The motivating factors for business life examined under three headings as occupational prestige/status, earning potential, potential of occupational advancement. The sample of the research consists of the senior year undergraduate students in the Department of the Business Administration from different universities. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview technique. In the research, a total of 25 students were interviewed on an online platform. In the results of the research, personality type tendencies of the students were revealed, and it was observed that factors such as prestigious job, status, high income, career progression, family, and personality influence their preferences of the business administration department.

PENGARUH UPA TULANG, JUMLAH ULOS, PEKERJAAN, DAN PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP SINAMOT: KASUS PERKAWINAN BATAK TOBA DI MEDAN

The purpose of the research is to identify four factors that are consider to influence dowry (sinamot) in Batak Toba traditional marriage (traditional wedding) before the Covid-19 pandemic in Medan. The sample research is purposive sampling namely the parents of the groom as the providers of sinamot and financing their son’s traditional wedding. The sample method is non probability sampling, that is an accidental sampling with 40 families. Besides other the groom family (paranak), other sources of additional information are raja parhata because they can provide general information for the independent factors on sinamot. The factors considered in this research as independent variabales consist of upa tulang, number of ulos from the bride family (parboru) and two dummy variables that are job status and level education of the bride. The data is tabulated and then analyzed by multiple linear regression. The research show that four variables have a positive effect on the dowry. This is accordance with economic criteria show that upa tulang, number of ulos, job status of the bride and level education of the bride have positive effect on the sinamot. However based on partial test (t - test) only two variables have positive significant on the dowry namely upa tulang and job status of the bride. But based on simultaneous test (F-test) the four factors simultaneously effects on the dowry. Coefficient of determination (R2) is 0,846 and R square adjusted is 0,828 which means 4 independent variables are able to explain the variation of the dowry between 82,8 to 84,6 percent.

COVID-19 and mental health of individuals with different personalities

Several studies have been devoted to establishing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health across gender, age, and ethnicity. However, much less attention has been paid to the differential effect of COVID-19 according to different personalities. We do this using the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS), a large-scale panel survey representative of the UK population. The UKHLS allows us to assess the mental health of the same respondent before and during the COVID-19 period based on their “Big Five” personality traits and cognitive skills. We find that during the COVID-19 period, individuals who have more extravert and open personality traits report a higher mental health deterioration, while those scoring higher in agreeableness are less affected. The effect of openness is particularly strong: One more SD predicts up to 0.23 more symptoms of mental health deterioration in the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) test during the COVID-19 period. In particular, for females, cognitive skills and openness are strong predictors of mental health deterioration, while for non-British White respondents, these predictors are extraversion and openness. Neuroticism strongly predicts worse mental health cross-sectionally, but it does not lead to significantly stronger deterioration during the pandemic. The study’s results are robust to the inclusion of potential confounding variables such as changes in physical health, household income, and job status (like unemployed or furloughed).

Association of Food Insecurity and Weight Status of Women in Tuba Island, Malaysia

Global concern is food insecurity and low weight status, contributing to poor health outcomes. Food deficiency happens when people can't get enough food much of the time; on the other hand, low weight status occurs when people eat more or less than they need. Women are a potentially vulnerable group of people facing weight and food insecurity. Therefore, this research was intended to establish the connection between the status of food insecurity and the weight status of women on Tuba Island. This is a cross-sectional study design, and about 114 women aged 18-45 years have participated in Tuba Island. The Radimer/Cornell hunger and food insecurity questionnaire and anthropometric measurements are the study's measurement methods. Via a face-to-face interview, this research was carried out. With 64.9 percent and 35.1 percent, respectively, the incidence of food insecurity was higher than food security. The prevalence of low weight status (underweight, overweight and obese) was 71.9%, which was just 28.1% higher than good weight status (normal weight). There was a significant relationship between job status (p=0.019) and household income (p=0.006) in terms of food insecurity; however, there was no significant relationship between food insecurity and weight status (p=0.437). This study showed no correlation between food insecurity and women's weight status on Tuba Island, although there is an association between job status and household income with food insecurity.

Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding COVID-19 among frontline workers attending selected vaccination center of West Bengal, India

Background: Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). On 11th March; the WHO announced this disease as a global pandemic. Individuals’ knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards preventive and precautionary measures of COVID-19 are essential to control the spread of the disease. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of frontline workers towards the pandemic.Methods: Descriptive survey research design was used. Sample comprised of 100 frontline workers who are working in different government sector during this pandemic situation and involved in election duty. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. Demographic data sheet, semi structured knowledge questionnaire, attitude scale, practice questionnaire was used to collect data. Tool was pretested before final data collection. Institutional Ethics committee approval was taken for the study.Results: Study findings show that 56% participants had good knowledge and 44% had poor knowledge regarding COVID-19. 70% participants had positive attitude and 30% had negative attitude regarding COVID-19. 85% participants followed good practice and 15% followed poor practice regarding COVID-19. There was a positive correlation between knowledge and attitude score (r=0.54) and positive correlation between knowledge and practice score (r=0.73). There was also a positive correlation between practice and attitude score (r=0.48).Conclusions: This study also found a significant association between knowledge score and demographic variables like education level and job status and also an association between practice score and job status. So, the study results can be used for enhancing KAP to combat this pandemic situation.

Prevalence and Effects of Daily and Major Experiences of Racial Discrimination and Microaggressions among Black Individuals in Canada

The prevalence and correlates of different forms of racial discrimination among Black Canadians are unknown. This article aims to examine the prevalence of different forms of racial discrimination (daily, major and microaggressions) and their association with self-esteem and satisfaction with life among Black Canadians. A convenience sample of 845 Black Canadians aged 15–40 was recruited. We assessed frequencies of everyday and major racial discrimination, and racial microaggressions against Black Canadians and their association with self-esteem and satisfaction with life, controlling for gender, age, job status, education, and matrimonial status. At least 4 out of 10 participants declared having being victims of everyday racial discrimination at least once per week. Between 46.3% and 64.2% of participants declared having been victims of major racial discrimination in various situations including education, job hiring, job dismissal, health services, housing, bank and loans, and police encounters. Significant gender differences were observed for everyday and major racial discrimination with higher frequencies among female participants. A total of 50.2% to 93.8% of participants declared having been victims of at least one episode of racial microaggressions. Results showed a significant negative association between racial discrimination and satisfaction with life ( b = –0.26, p = .003), and self-esteem ( b = –0.23, p = .009). This study highlights the need to stop colorblind policies in different sectors in Canada, and for a public commitment to combat racism at the municipal, provincial and federal levels. Implications are discussed for prevention, research and public health.