Emphatic Hegemony and Patriotic Gestures of the Literary Writing of Polish Women-Ethnographers

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 712-729
Author(s):  
Grażyna Kubica
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Auto Ethnography ◽  
Literary Writing ◽  
European Researcher

This article explores the literary writing of ethnographers, a genre that has not yet been systematically researched in Polish sociocultural anthropology. The theoretical framework of the article is built on the concepts of reflexivity and auto-ethnography. Its main goal was to trace these issues in three texts of female Polish ethnographers in the first half of the twentieth century. These authors represent three different structural situations in the field: a European researcher in a colonial context (Maria Czaplicka), a member of the intelligentsia studying peasants (Kazimiera Zawistowicz-Adamska), and an amateur “native ethnographer” in her own community (Maria Pilchówna). One of the results of the analysis is inventing the concept of “emphatic hegemony” grasping the situation when an empathic and sympathetic observer can be also a dominant and patronizing writer, even if she is a woman. Another feature of the analyzed texts lies in their patriotic subtext.

Intellectuals

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Allan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Andre Gide ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Literary Writing ◽  
Epistolary Exchange ◽  
André Gide

This chapter examines the provincialism of a literary world in early twentieth-century Egypt and France by focusing on two scenes of epistolary exchange: the letters exchanged between André Gide and Taha Hussein in 1939, and a series of imagined letters exchanged in the context of Hussein's 1935 novella Adīb (A Man of Letters). It first considers the transformation of theological questions into literature in the correspondence between Gide and Hussein before asking about the world that literature makes thinkable. It then analyzes the imaginary correspondence staged in Adīb that recounts the story of a friendship between two intellectuals from the same village. The Gide–Hussein correspondence invites us to contemplate on the circulation and dissemination of literary writing—the sorts of transnational exchanges by now integral to discourses of world literature and access to texts across languages and nationalities.

Introduction

Last Acts ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Maggie Vinter
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Early Modern Drama ◽  
Modern Drama ◽  
Ars Moriendi ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
The Common ◽  
Critical Perspectives

The introduction outlines a theoretical framework for the book. Through a brief survey of critical approaches to Hamlet, it considers the common alignment of early modern drama with mourning and argues that new critical perspectives emerge if we focus on the experience of the dying subject instead. William Perkins’s 1595 tract, A Salve for a Sick Man, illustrates how death was understood around Shakespeare’s time. By situating Perkins’s text in relation to ancient Stoicism and twentieth-century phenomenology, the introduction explicates what is distinctive about the understanding of dying found in the ars moriendi tradition and argues for the theoretical sophistication and continuing influence of the genre.

Beyond What We Are Told Is Fact

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-66
Author(s):  
Zack Kruse
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Immigrant Community ◽  
Ayn Rand ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Key Terms

This chapter more fully introduces the theoretical framework for Kruse’s reading of Ditko’s work and includes more thorough definitions for the key terms as well as a historical and cultural context for those terms. The contextualization provided in this chapter offers a look into Ditko’s hometown Johnstown, Pennsylvania and its immigrant community of industrial workers, along with the liberal political voices such as Ayn Rand and Nathaniel Branden alongside occult and mystic voices such as H.P. Blavatsky, and how popular twentieth-century advocates of the mind power movement like Norman Vincent Peale, Dale Carnegie, and other members link each of these seemingly disparate ideas and methodologies. The result of this entanglement—in theory and in practice—is mystic liberalism.

scholarly journals Sound Words: Hymns in Twentieth-Century Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (296) ◽  
pp. 732-751
Author(s):  
Noreen Masud
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Solid Substance ◽  
Twentieth Century Literature ◽  
Modernist Literature ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Religious Writing ◽  
Stevie Smith ◽  
Literary Writing ◽  
Century Literature

Abstract Why, in the twentieth century, do atheist or agnostic authors write so many hymns into their poems and novels? This essay contends that attending to the frequent but overlooked hymn episodes in early to mid-twentieth-century literature, and to their historical contexts, can complicate our understanding of literary postures of faith, and of everyday sounds as ‘filler’ in modernist literature. Focusing on Stevie Smith and D. H. Lawrence, with reference to a range of other writers, it draws on unpublished archival material to argue that hymn-history reveals an alternative narrative to that of religious writing as conservative, and literary writing as radical. Hymn-compilers often sought modernity, while poets and novelists tended to privilege older, more dated hymns. This ideological clash led to a literary approach which defiantly accommodated ‘bad old hymns’ through nostalgic reminiscence and extensive quotation. Used in this way, hymn oscillates between a status as textual padding and as focal point: an embarrassingly excessive and solid substance which nevertheless enables embarrassment to be discharged. Ultimately, the muffling, ostensibly authoritative substance of hymn, in twentieth-century literature, fills up gaps in which too much might resound or be revealed: it offers literary writing an opportunity to accommodate and neutralize awkwardness, failure and error.

The Industry of Truing: Socialist Realism, Reality, Realization

Slavic Review ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 873-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petre Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Socialist Realism ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Radical Shift

Most existing accounts of socialist realism rely, implicitly or explicitly, on a commonsense notion of truth as correspondence between representation and its object (the state of affairs being represented). In this view, socialist realism is commonly denounced as an epistemological fraud, while quasi-dialectical formulas such as "reality in its revolutionary development" are viewed condescendingly as the fraud's fanciful garnish. Such an approach fails to see in Stalinist culture a radical shift in the understanding of truth—a shift that has less to do with Marxist orthodoxy than it does with the intellectual reflexes of early twentieth-century modernity. In this article, Petre Petrov sets out to describe this shift and, in doing so, to propose a novel theoretical framework for understanding Stalinist socialist realism. The work of Martin Heidegger from the late 1920s through the 1930s serves as an all-important reference point in the discussion insofar as it articulates in philosophical idiom a turn from an epistemological to an ontological conception of truth.

scholarly journals Themes of Identity: An Auto-Ethnographical Exploration

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peruvemba Jaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Identity Theory ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Auto Ethnography

The study is focused on understanding identity construction through combining my own experience with the theoretical underpinnings of postcolonial theory, social identity theory and through the examination of two films. The central question that I am interested in is understanding the identity construction and formation process especially as it relates to individuals who have crossed borders and immigrated or moved to countries other than their home countries. The methodology I am employing is auto-ethnography; I am integrating this by using two films as sites of inquiry. Through this introspective, reflection combined with the theoretical framework of identity I uncover themes of identity. These themes include nation, foreignness, community, and home.

scholarly journals The Cinema of Exposure: Spiritualist Exposés, Technology, and the Dispositif of Early Cinema

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2-3) ◽  
pp. 113-129
Author(s):  
Simone Natale
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Film Theory ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Early Cinema ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Stage Magic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Psychological Studies

This article addresses the relationship between early cinema and the tradition of spiritualistexposés. The latter were spectacular shows performed by stage magicians in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, which aimed to debunk the tricks employed by spiritualist mediums in theirséances. Drawing on the theoretical framework of thedispositif, this article shows how early cinema renewed and reinterpreted the tradition of theexposés. Focusing in particular on Hugo Münsterberg’s work, moreover, it addresses the connections between early film theory and psychological studies that debunked the illusions performed in spiritualistséancesand stage magic. In the conclusion, the article proposes to employ the concept of “cinema of exposure” in order to address how early cinema invited spectators to acknowledge their own perceptual delusion.

scholarly journals Aesthetic Experience as a Spiritual Support of Homo Post-Secularis

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Bychkov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
History Of ◽  
Secular Age ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Universe

The essay begins with an analysis of the cultural situation of humanity after its transition to secular mentality and a gradual disenchantment with secularism, which leads to the formation of post-secular mentality. It further suggests that aesthetic experience traditionally served as a bridge between the secular and the religious/spiritual and can serve in this capacity again in the post-secular age. It outlines the main traits of the post-secular person (homo post-saecularis). Two aspects of aesthetic experience are emphasized: its in-depth penetration into nature in an attempt to achieve unity with it, and the aesthetic observation of artworks. In pursuing both of these aspects, the post-secular person attempts, just as Romantics and Symbolists previously, to grasp something invisible beyond visible forms and escape from banal reality into higher spiritual realms of being, ultimately experiencing him- or herself as having a place in the universe. Aesthetic experience, if it is correctly understood and practiced, can give all this to the present-day post-secular person. The rest of the essay is devoted to a brief history of twentieth-century views of art, mainly in French and Russian thought, that foreshadow its post-secular role, and to the author’s authentic theoretical framework for understanding art and aesthetic experience, as well as his, equally authentic, program of how to achieve the post-secular function of art in practice for a present-day person.

In the Soviet Shadow

Inner Asia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orhon Myadar
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
High Modernism ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
And Control

The article aims to broaden the understanding of Soviet politics as a form of colonialism and to deploy the same conceptual tools used in post-colonial critiques that have been typically reserved for critiquing European control of ‘distant’ lands, both in temporal and spatial dimensions. Closely examining Soviet politics in Mongolia, the article conceptualises the Soviet policies across the vast Soviet-sphere with the post-colonial theoretical framework. Conceptually, the article juxtaposes the post-colonial treatment of the Soviet politics with high modernism. Under Soviet direction and control, Mongolia was profoundly transformed over seven decades from an impoverished pastoral society at the beginning of the twentieth century to a highly ordered and structured society. This social, spatial, administrative transformation was more vivid and radical than in many former Soviet-sphere countries, especially those countries that had long been settled and urbanised.

scholarly journals Les Chroniques de langage and the Development of Linguistic Purism in Québec

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-157
Author(s):  
Olivia Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
French Language ◽  
Similar Investigation ◽  
Online Presence ◽  
Linguistic Purism

The second half of the twentieth century has seen the emergence in Québec of a number of societies for the protection or promotion of the French language. Since the 1990s, new societies have increasingly been established online, with older ones also creating an online presence. Most of these societies publish journals which appear several times a year. An earlier study (Walsh 2013) has shown that the type of metalanguage used and the major preoccupations reflected by these societies on their websites and in their journals can be seen to reflect a moderately purist attitude (based on the theoretical framework for evaluating and measuring purism outlined by George Thomas 1991). This article presents the results of a similar investigation of a sample of chroniques de langage, columns dealing with questions of language, which appear regularly in journals and newspapers. The content and metalanguage of chroniques from two periods (1880–1889 and 1940–1949) will be compared, to determine whether the current-day purism displayed by Québécois language societies is reflected in an earlier period.

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