Past testate amoeba communities in landslide mountain fens (Polish Carpathians): The relationship between shell types and sediment

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362199464
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Marcisz ◽  
Krzysztof Buczek ◽  
Mariusz Gałka ◽  
Włodzimierz Margielewski ◽  
Matthieu Mulot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Testate Amoebae ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Testate Amoeba ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Depth To Water Table ◽  
Polish Carpathians ◽  
The Relationship

Landslide mountain fens formed in landslide depressions are dynamic environments as their development is disturbed by a number of factors, for example, landslides, slopewash, and surface run-off. These processes lead to the accumulation of mineral material and wood in peat. Disturbed peatlands are interesting archives of past environmental changes, but they may be challenging for providing biotic proxy-based quantitative reconstructions. Here we investigate long-term changes in testate amoeba communities from two landslide mountain fens – so far an overlooked habitat for testate amoeba investigations. Our results show that abundances of testate amoebae are extremely low in this type of peatlands, therefore not suitable for providing quantitative depth-to-water table reconstructions. However, frequent shifts of dominant testate amoeba species reflect dynamic lithological situation of the studied fens. We observed that high and stable mineral matter input into the peatlands was associated with high abundances of species producing agglutinated (xenosomic) as well as idiosomic shells which prevailed in the testate amoeba communities in both analyzed profiles. This is the first study that explores testate amoebae of landslide mountain fens in such detail, providing novel information about microbial communities of these ecosystems.

Resilience of plant and testate amoeba communities after climatic and anthropogenic disturbances in a Baltic bog in Northern Poland: Implications for ecological restoration

The Holocene ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Gałka ◽  
Kazimierz Tobolski ◽  
Aleksandra Górska ◽  
Mariusz Lamentowicz
Keyword(s):  
Human Impacts ◽  
Testate Amoebae ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Testate Amoeba ◽  
Raised Bogs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ombrotrophic Peatland ◽  
History Of ◽  
Climate Cooling

This study explores the history of the development of Sphagnum communities in an ombrotrophic peatland – Bagno Kusowo – over the past 650 years, based on high-resolution plant macrofossil and testate amoebae analysis. Our research provided information related to the length of peatland existence and the characteristics of its natural/pristine state before the most recent human impacts. Changes in the Sphagnum communities before human impact could have resulted from climate cooling during the ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA). In this cold and unstable hydrological period, among vascular plants, Eriophorum vaginatum and Baeothryon caespitosum dominated in the peatland vegetation. Peat-forming Sphagnum communities survived the drainage conducted during the 20th century at the Bagno Kusowo bog. We provide three important messages through this study: (1) testate amoebae reflect similar hydrological trends in two peat cores despite considerable microhabitat variability, (2) average long-term water level 10 cm below the surface should be a target for active bog conservation and (3) sites like Bagno Kusowo are extremely important to preserve the remains of pristine biodiversity (including genetic diversity of plants and protists) that was completely removed from most of the raised bogs in Europe due to human activities, for example, drainage.

Mountain chickadees return to their post-natal dispersal settlements following long-term captivity

Behaviour ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie L. Branch ◽  
Dovid Y. Kozlovsky ◽  
Rebecca Croston ◽  
Angela Pitera ◽  
Vladimir V. Pravosudov
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Natal Dispersal ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mountain Chickadees ◽  
Initial Capture

There is little work investigating the relationship between environmental changes and associated hippocampal effects on animal homing. We took advantage of previous studies in which wild, non-migratory mountain chickadees spent six months in captivity prior to being released. Over the following three years, 45.8% of the birds were resighted, and in all cases birds were identified less than 300 m from their initial capture locations at their respective elevation, despite previous studies documentingca30% captivity-related reduction of the hippocampus. Reproductive success of birds that spent six months in captivity did not differ from control birds that did not experience captivity. Our findings suggest that chickadees are highly site faithful and can return to their original capture location after spending time in captivity. Our results also have important implications for animal welfare practices as birds held in captivity bred successfully and may not need to be sacrificed following captivity.

scholarly journals A Simulation Model of the Decomposition Activity of Multiple Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 02028
Author(s):  
Ruoxuan Liu ◽  
Jianhui Ye
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Model Decomposition ◽  
Decomposition Model ◽  
Fungal Activity ◽  
Single Colony ◽  
Extension Model ◽  
The Relationship

Fungi play an essential role in carbon cycle by decomposing the litter and woody fibers. This study aims to establish a model for describing the decomposition by multiple fungal activities in different environment. We establish Colony Distribution-Decomposition Model to simulate the interaction between various fungi and describe the relationship between fungal activity and decomposition, which is divided into three sub-models: single colony growth and extension model, decomposition model and competition model. We applied this model to the study of the interaction of different species, the sensitivity of fungi to environmental changes in short-term and long-term, the adapatability to different climate types for various species and the role biodiversity plays in the breakdown of the litter. The developed model has the advantages of comprehensiveness, stability, rationality, and wide application, which is a feasible and reasonable model to assist the analysis on the interaction between multiple fungi and describe the relationship between fungal activity and decomposition.

scholarly journals On the importance of including vegetation dynamics in Budyko’s hydrological model

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1517-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Donohue ◽  
M. L. Roderick ◽  
T. R. McVicar
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Vegetation Water ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The Budyko curve describes the relationship between climate, evapotranspiration and run-off and can be used to model catchment energy and water balances. The curve's underlying framework assumes catchments are at steady-state, a condition dependent on the scales of application, such that its reliability is greatest when applied to large catchments (>10 000 km2) and using long-term averages (≫1 year). At these scales previous experience has shown that the hydrological role of vegetation does not need to be explicitly considered within the framework. By demonstrating how dynamics in the leaf area, photosynthetic capacity and rooting depth of vegetation affect not only annual and seasonal vegetation water use, but also steady-state conditions, we argue that it is necessary to explicitly include vegetation dynamics into the Budyko framework before it is applied at small scales. Such adaptations would extend the framework not only to applications at small timescales and to small catchments but to operational activities relating to vegetation and water management.

Psychosocial Factors Related to the Incidence of Cancer

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murphy T. Scurry ◽  
Ellen M. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Incidence Of Cancer ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Cancer Outcome ◽  
The Relationship

The recent data concerning the relationship between psychosocial factors and the incidence of cancer have been reviewed covering life events, personality factors, psychiatric diagnoses, and loss-separation-hopelessness. The multiple methodological and design problems in this area of investigation are the factors that stand out and make interpretation difficult. Nevertheless, an association between oncogenesis and a number of factors such as extraversion, neuroticism, and lack of closeness to family is suggested. Many studies raise additional questions without providing definitive answers. A long term prospective study which has been designed to look at cancer outcome and multiple psychosocial factors is needed to determine if such factors add to the risk of oncogenesis.

scholarly journals Settlement and Recruitment Potential of Four Invasive and One Indigenous Barnacle Species in South Korea and Their Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 634
Author(s):  
Michael Dadole Ubagan ◽  
Yun-Sik Lee ◽  
Taekjun Lee ◽  
Jinsol Hong ◽  
Il Hoi Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
East Sea ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Korea Strait ◽  
Barnacle Species ◽  
The Relationship

Invasion by nonindigenous species is a major threat to marine ecosystems. In this study, the distribution and occupied area (as a percentage) of four invasive barnacle species (Amphibalanus amphitrite, Amphibalanus eburneus, Amphibalanus improvisus, Perforatus perforatus), and one indigenous (Balanus trigonus) barnacle species in 13 ports in three Korean seas (Yellow Sea, Korea Strait, and East Sea) were investigated. The average ratio for all five species was 11.17% in summer and 7.59% in winter, indicating a higher occupancy in summer. B. trigonus, which is an indigenous species, was found on all ports, except for one (IC). Of the invasive species, A. amphitrite was found mainly in the Yellow Sea, A. improvisus in the Korea Strait, and A. eburneus along with P. perforatus were found in the East Sea. From nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis, six parameters related to water temperature and salinity were found to be significantly correlated with the distribution and occupancy status of these five barnacle species. Using the six parameters as independent variables, random forest (RF) models were developed. Based on these models, the predicted future dominant invasive species were A. improvisus and A. amphitrite in the Yellow Sea and P. perforatus in the East Sea and Korea Strait. This study suggests that long-term monitoring of invasive species is crucial, and that determining the relationship between the results of monitoring and environmental variables can be helpful in predicting the damage caused by invasive species resulting from environmental changes.

The Canary in the Coal Mine: Testate Amoebae Record Anthropogenic Impacts in Sediments of Oligotrophic Lake George, NY, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-140
Author(s):  
Krystyna M. Kornecki ◽  
Matthew S. Schuler ◽  
Miraim E. Katz ◽  
Rick A. Relyea ◽  
Francine M. G. McCarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Testate Amoebae ◽  
Oligotrophic Lake ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Testate Amoeba ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Lake George

ABSTRACT Lake George (NY) is surrounded by Forever Wild Forest in the Adirondack Park and has a Class AA Special water quality rating, yet lake monitoring has revealed increasing anthropogenic impacts from salt and nutrient loading over the past 30 years. To reconstruct anthropogenic influence on the lake (e.g., salt loading, eutrophication, climate warming), we characterized modern stable isotopes and testate amoeba and diatom assemblages in surface sediments from 33 lake-wide sites and compared their variability to 36 years of water-quality data. Linear regression analyses support testate amoebae as rapid responders and recorders of environmental change because taxa are strongly correlated with percent change of important water quality parameters. Our assessment indicates that: 1) Netzelia gramen is associated with aquatic plants and filamentous algae, making them a valuable aquatic plant/alga indicator, which is supported by the co-occurrence of the diatom Cocconeis spp.; 2) difflugids are generally good indicators of eutrophication, except for Difflugia protaeiformis; and 3) seasonal differences in water quality trends are reflected in the fossil record on decadal time scales. We show that testate amoebae are highly sensitive to small environmental changes in an oligotrophic lake and exhibit established relationships from eutrophic and mesotrophic lakes as well as new, likely oligotrophic-specific correlations. Correlation coefficients of water quality variables and strains within a species also illustrate gradational relationships, suggesting testate amoebae exhibit ecophenotypic plasticity. Diatom and testate amoeba assemblages categorize modern lakebed sites into four subgroups: 1) benthic macrophyte; 2) high nutrient; 3) high alkalinity; and 4) salt loading assemblages.

scholarly journals Effect of daily variation on the seasonality of testate amoebae community structure in different environments of a Neotropical floodplain

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leilane T. Fatoreto Schwind ◽  
Rodrigo L. Arrieira ◽  
Juliana Déo Dias ◽  
Nadson Ressyé Simões ◽  
Claudia Costa Bonecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Testate Amoebae ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Testate Amoeba ◽  
Ecological Communities

<p>Ecological communities are constantly restructuring in the short and long term in response to population dynamics and environmental variables. This study evaluated the structure of arcellinid and euglyphid testate amoebae planktonic communities in three environments of the Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. We hypothesised that the community structure of testate amoebae is differentially influenced by environmental conditions, mainly in isolated lentic ecosystems, due the effect of the low-water period. In addition, we predicted that the response of testate amoeba communities to environmental changes is also affected by the distinct hydrodynamic characteristics of the environment. Plankton were sampled in the low- and high-water periods, and physical and chemical variables were calculated for each site. In order to evaluate the influence of environmental conditions on the variation in testate amoebae community structure over time, a time-lag analytical approach was used and significance was estimated using a Mantel test. A Kendall test coefficient was used to estimate the maintenance of species abundance on each day when sampling was carried out and for each water body. A redundancy analysis was also performed to assess the responses of testate amoeba communities to environmental change in the three studied environments. Bray–Curtis dissimilarity indices were calculated for the testate amoeba communities and the significance of the differences between communities was estimated using a Mantel test. Seventy-five taxa belonging to six families were identified. Environmental conditions influenced the richness, abundance, and dominance pattern of the testate amoebae communities, and distinct hydrodynamic characteristics of the environments affected the establishment of community structure.</p>

scholarly journals ASPECTS OF SUCCESSION URBAN DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Elvira A. GROMILINA
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Relationship

The modern development of cities is infl uenced by a large number of factors, for example, the political environment, global climate change, and the epidemiological situation. The article examines the relationship between the subsystems of urban structure, ensuring its successive development, with the aspects of sustainable development. Aspects of succession urban development in the context of sustainable development are divided into three groups: environmental, economic and social. The urban planning process consists of short-term and long-term programs. Taking into account the identifi ed aspects, the principles of urban planning are formulated, which are aimed at preserving and developing the successive elements of the architectural and planning structure of the city.

Multi-Center Calibration of the Second Reference Material for Thromboplastin, Rabbit, Plain, Coded CRM 149R

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (03) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M H P van den Besselaar ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryIn a collaborative trial of eleven laboratories which was performed mainly within the framework of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), a second reference material for thromboplastin, rabbit, plain, was calibrated against its predecessor RBT/79. This second reference material (coded CRM 149R) has a mean International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.343 with a standard error of the mean of 0.035. The standard error of the ISI was determined by combination of the standard errors of the ISI of RBT/79 and the slope of the calibration line in this trial.The BCR reference material for thromboplastin, human, plain (coded BCT/099) was also included in this trial for assessment of the long-term stability of the relationship with RBT/79. The results indicated that this relationship has not changed over a period of 8 years. The interlaboratory variation of the slope of the relationship between CRM 149R and RBT/79 was significantly lower than the variation of the slope of the relationship between BCT/099 and RBT/79. In addition to the manual technique, a semi-automatic coagulometer according to Schnitger & Gross was used to determine prothrombin times with CRM 149R. The mean ISI of CRM 149R was not affected by replacement of the manual technique by this particular coagulometer.Two lyophilized plasmas were included in this trial. The mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and CRM 149R based on the two lyophilized plasmas was the same as the corresponding slope based on fresh plasmas. Tlowever, the mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and BCT/099 based on the two lyophilized plasmas was 4.9% higher than the mean slope based on fresh plasmas. Thus, the use of these lyophilized plasmas induced a small but significant bias in the slope of relationship between these thromboplastins of different species.

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