Effect of Thioridazine on Phenytoin Serum Concentration: A Retrospective Study

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Sands ◽  
J. Daniel Robinson ◽  
Ronald B. Salem ◽  
Ronald B. Stewart ◽  
Carlos Muniz
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinically Significant

Serum Phenytoin concentrations before and after the addition of thioridazine were retrospectively compared in 27 adults to determine if an interaction occurred between these two drugs. A change in the serum phenytoin concentration of ± 4 μg/ml was considered clinically significant; by this definition four patients (14.8 percent) had an increase, two (7.4 percent) had a decrease, and most (77.8 percent) demonstrated no change. The mean difference was 0.8 μg/ml ± 3.7 μg/ml and was not found to be statistically significant (p < 0.1). Clinically important alterations in phenytoin serum concentration as caused by thioridazine appear to be infrequent.

scholarly journals The Sankara Nethralaya Tamil Nadu Essilor Myopia (STEM) Study—Defining a Threshold for Non-Cycloplegic Myopia Prevalence in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1215
Author(s):  
Aparna Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Jameel Rizwana Hussaindeen ◽  
Viswanathan Sivaraman ◽  
Meenakshi Swaminathan ◽  
Yee Ling Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
School Vision ◽  
Elite School ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of

The aim of this study was to investigate the agreement between cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic autorefraction with an open-field auto refractor in a school vision screening set up, and to define a threshold for myopia that agrees with the standard cycloplegic refraction threshold. The study was conducted as part of the Sankara Nethralaya Tamil Nadu Essilor Myopia (STEM) study, which investigated the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for myopia among children in South India. Children from two schools aged 5 to 15 years, with no ocular abnormalities and whose parents gave informed consent for cycloplegic refraction were included in the study. All the children underwent visual acuity assessment (Pocket Vision Screener, Elite school of Optometry, India), followed by non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic (1% tropicamide) open-field autorefraction (Grand Seiko, WAM-5500). A total of 387 children were included in the study, of whom 201 were boys. The mean (SD) age of the children was 12.2 (±2.1) years. Overall, the mean difference between cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) open-field autorefraction measures was 0.34 D (limits of agreement (LOA), 1.06 D to −0.38 D). For myopes, the mean difference between cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic SE was 0.13 D (LOA, 0.63D to −0.36D). The prevalence of myopia was 12% (95% CI, 8% to 15%) using the threshold of cycloplegic SE ≤ −0.50 D, and was 14% (95% CI, 11% to 17%) with SE ≤ −0.50 D using non-cycloplegic refraction. When myopia was defined as SE of ≤−0.75 D under non-cycloplegic conditions, there was no difference between cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic open-field autorefraction prevalence estimates (12%; 95% CI, 8% to 15%; p = 1.00). Overall, non-cycloplegic refraction underestimates hyperopia and overestimates myopia; but for subjects with myopia, this difference is minimal and not clinically significant. A threshold of SE ≤ −0.75 D agrees well for the estimation of myopia prevalence among children when using non-cycloplegic refraction and is comparable with the standard definition of cycloplegic myopic refraction of SE ≤ −0.50 D.

scholarly journals Platelet Counts in Stored Donor Blood

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Russell ◽  
L. J. Tunbridge
Keyword(s):  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Donor Blood ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
The One ◽  
Citrate Phosphate

Platelets were counted in eight units each of one- and three-day-old blood. Counts were done both before and after the blood had passed through a standard 170 micron filter. In the one-day-old blood, platelet counts were within the normal range. The mean count was 237,000 platelets/microlitre. Platelet counts on three-day-old blood were lower, but generally still within the normal range. The mean count was 183,000/microlitre. Only a few platelets were retained by the filter in the transfusion set; about 90% of platelets passed the filter in both the one- and three-day-old blood. It appears that whole blood, anticoagulated with citrate/phosphate/dextrose (CPD), and stored under Australian blood bank conditions retains platelets in sufficient numbers for at least the first three days to be clinically significant. However, it remains to be determined whether satisfactory platelet activity can be expected during this time.

scholarly journals Heat Shock Lipolysis: Radiofrequency Combined with Cryolipolysis for the Reduction of Localized Subcutaneous Fat

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Abboud ◽  
J. P. Hachem
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Good Improvement ◽  
The Mean

Introduction. Noninvasive procedures such as cryolipolysis, noncontact selective radiofrequency (RF), and laser selective fat heating have been shown to be safe and effective for the reduction of localized subcutaneous fat. Material and Methods. In this retrospective study, we describe the safety and efficacy of combining RF with cryolipolysis for localized unwanted fat after one single session. 69 patients, 61 females, and 8 males for a total of 75 treatments were included in this study. All patients underwent RF prior to and following cryolipolysis. Pictures (n = 24), taken before and after treatment, were used to clinically assess the physician Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (PhGAIS). In parallel, patients were asked to subjectively evaluate the efficacy of the treatment using the same scale (PaGIAS). Results. PhGIAS showed an improvement in 18 patients (73.46%), 5 (22.44%) were unchanged, and 1 (4.08%) worsened their appearance after treatment. The mean PaGIAS scored as “good improvement.” Conclusion. In conclusion, combining RF with cryolipolysis in one single session is safe and effective.

scholarly journals 1314. Neonatal Serum Gentamicin Concentrations following Maternal Once-daily Gentamicin Dosing

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S669-S669
Author(s):  
Genene A Wilson ◽  
Allison Nelson ◽  
Palak Bhagat ◽  
Deborah Bondi ◽  
Pooja Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background Gentamicin is commonly used for peripartum infections. Given literature supporting efficacy of once-daily dosing (ODD) of 5 mg/kg for chorioamnionitis, University of Chicago Medicine made the change from three times daily dosing (TIDD) to ODD. As gentamicin readily cross the placenta, it would be expected that maternal ODD would result in higher gentamicin neonatal serum concentrations following birth. Methods This was a single-center, retrospective chart review of all neonates born to mothers receiving peripartum ODD gentamicin within 12 hours of delivery between October 2019 and March 2020. A STAT random gentamicin serum concentration was obtained upon admission in neonates when initiation of antibiotics was desired. Specific dosing recommendations (Table 1) were developed utilizing neonatal population-based pharmacokinetics. The primary outcome was initial neonatal gentamicin serum concentration at birth. Other outcomes were also evaluated. Results were evaluated in two groups based on neonatal serum concentrations of less than 2 mcg/mL (Group 1) versus 2 mcg/mL or greater (Group 2). Table 1: Neonatal gentamicin dosing algorithm Results Thirty-two mother-newborn dyads were included in this study. Baseline demographics are shown in Table 2. Newborns had a median gestational age of 39.4 weeks and median birth weight of 3.39 kilograms. The mean initial gentamicin concentration was supratherapeutic at 3.06 + 1.92 mcg/mL among all newborns (Table 3). The mean maternal dose in Group 1 (n=11) was 3.52 mg/kg (3.34, 4.77) based on actual body weight and 4.78 mg/kg (4.34, 5.18) in Group 2 (n=21) (p=0.025). The median time between maternal gentamicin administration and time of delivery varied between the groups at 0.5 hours versus 2.63 hours, respectively (p=0.005). All newborn gentamicin concentrations were less than 2 mcg/mL for maternal doses given less than 1 hour prior to delivery (n=8) (Figure 1). Overall protocol compliance rate was 81.3%. There were no significant differences in nephrotoxicity or ototoxicity between groups. Table 2. Baseline Demographics Table 3. Outcomes Figure 1. Comparison of maternal gentamicin time from administration to delivery and neonatal serum gentamicin concentrations Conclusion This study suggests peripartum ODD of gentamicin may lead to clinically significant serum concentrations in neonates if administered between 1 to 12 hours of birth. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the effects of maternal ODD of gentamicin on newborns. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Analisis Kadar Kreatinin Serum Sebelum dan Setelah Terapi Tenovofir pada Penyandang HIV di RS Dr. M. Djamil Padang Periode 2012-2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Ivanovna ◽  
Efrida Efrida ◽  
Roza Kurniati
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Serum Creatinine Level ◽  
Creatinine Level ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Tubular Dysfunction ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Related Mortality

AbstrakPenyakit ginjal merupakan penyebab kematian nonAIDS paling tinggi pada penyandang HIV. Penggunaan regimen anti- retroviral diselidiki memiliki kontribusi terhadap kejadian penyakit ginjal. Disfungsi tubulus ditemukan pada penyandang HIV dengan terapi tenofovir. Pemeriksaan kreatinin digunakan untuk skrining kerusakan ginjal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar kreatinin sebelum dan setelah terapi tenofovir. Telah dilakukan penelitian secara kohort retrospektif terhadap penyandang HIV dengan terapi tenofovir di RS dr. M. Djamil Padang periode 2012-2013. Dilakukan pemeriksaan kreatinin serum sebelum dan setelah terapi tenofovir dengan metode Jaffe. Data kadar kreatinin serum didapatkan melalui rekam medik. Hasil perbedaan rata-rata kadar kreatinin serum sebelum dan setelah terapi tenofovir dianalisis menggunakan uji T berpasangan. Sebanyak 18 subyek penelitian dipilih dari jumlah total 652 penyandang HIV rawat inap dan rawat jalan. Sebanyak 196 penyandang HIV memakai terapi tenofovir (30%). Rentang lama pemberian terapi tenofovir adalah 2-57 minggu. Pada hasil penelitian, didapatkan perbedaan rata-rata kadar kreatinin serum yang bermakna sebelum dan setelah terapi tenofovir sebesar 0,7± 0,2 mg/dLdan 0,9 ± 0,5 mg/dL (P<0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan kreatinin serum setelah terapi tenofovir pada penyandang HIV.Kata kunci: HIV, tenofovir, kreatinin serumAbstractKidney disease is the highest nonAIDS related mortality among HIV patients. The use of antiretroviral therapy is investigated to contribute in kidney disease. Tubular dysfunction is found in HIV patients with tenofovir therapy. Creatinine test is used to screen kidney dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine the mean difference of serum creatinine level before and after tenofovir administration.A cohort retrospective research was carried out in DR..M. Djamil Hospital upon HIV patients with tenofovir within 2012-2013. Serum creatinine test was conducted before and after administration of tenofovir with automatic machine and Jaffe reaction. The result of mean difference of serum creatinine before and after administration of tenofovir is analised by paired T test.Eighteen research subjects is determined from total amount of in and out patient. A total of 196 patients were administered with tenofovir (30%). The range of tenofovir administration was between 2-57 weeks. From the research, obtained a significant mean difference before (0,7± 0,2 mg/dL) and after (0,9 ± 0,5 mg/dL) administration of tenofovir (P<0,05).The conclusion of this study is there is increasing of serum creatinine level before and after administration of tenofovir.Keywords: HIV, tenofovir, serum creatinine

Dimensional Changes in Dental Arches After Treatment with a Prefabricated Functional Appliance

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Ramirez-Yañez ◽  
A Sidlauskas ◽  
E Junior ◽  
J Fluter
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Treatment Choice ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Natural Growth ◽  
Functional Appliance ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the T4K, a prefabricated functional appliance, on the transverse and anterior-height dimensions of the maxillary and mandibular dental arches. Dimensions before and after treatment were measured on the sample, then, natural growth was subtracted from the treatment effects and compared with twice the error of the method. A clinically significant increase of both dimensions was observed in the maxilla and mandible when Class II malocclusion patients were treated with the T4K. Therefore, this retrospective study demonstrates that T4K is a valid treatment choice at an early age when transverse expansion is part of the treatment goal.

scholarly journals Teprotumumab for the treatment of chronic thyroid eye disease

Eye ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoaib Ugradar ◽  
Julia Kang ◽  
Andrea L. Kossler ◽  
Erin Zimmerman ◽  
Jenna Braun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volumetric Analysis ◽  
Thyroid Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Soft Tissue Volume ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Fat Volume ◽  
Post Therapy ◽  
Orbital Soft Tissue

Abstract Background Teprotumumab, a novel IGF-1R antibody was recently shown to significantly reduce the signs of active Thyroid eye disease (TED). The current study reviews its efficacy in chronic TED. Methods In this retrospective review, consecutive patients with chronic stable TED (>2 years), who had received ≥3 infusions of teprotumumab were included. All patients had measurements of proptosis, and calculation of the CAS and diplopia scores before and after therapy. Five-point strabismus scores were also calculated. Patients who had imaging within 4 months prior to therapy and 6 weeks post therapy underwent orbital 3D volumetric analysis. Results Thirty-one patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean (SD) duration of TED was 81 months (56) and the mean (SD) number of infusions received by each patient was 7 (2). Mean (SD) reduction in proptosis for each study orbit was 3.5 mm (0.4) and 3 mm (0.3) for the fellow orbit. The CAS response was 90% for the study orbit and 87% for the fellow orbit. Of the 15 patients who had diplopia at baseline, 67% had a clinically significant response, while 47% had complete resolution following treatment. Following teprotumumab, mean (SD) reduction of muscle tissue was 2011 mm3 (1847) in the study orbit and 1620 mm3 (1759) in the fellow orbit. The mean (SD) reduction of fat volume was 2101 mm3 (1681) in the study orbit and 1370 mm3 (1181) in the fellow orbit. Conclusion Teprotumumab significantly reduces proptosis, inflammation, diplopia, strabismus and orbital soft tissue volume in patients with chronic TED.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN LEVEL RERATA KEKUATAN OTOT DASAR PANGGUL SEBELUM DAN SETELAH PERSALINAN SPONTAN PADA KELOMPOK INKONTINENSIA URIN DAN KELOMPOK NORMAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Bobby Indra Utama ◽  
Hasni Kemala Sari ◽  
Hafni Bachtiar
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Stress Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Pelvic Floor Muscle ◽  
Pelvic Floor Muscles ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Trauma to the pelvic floor during delivery is now recognized as a major etiological factor against PFM disorders such as urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse and fecal incontinence. This study was conducted to analyze the differences in mean levels of differences of pelvic muscle strength before and after spontanous labor between stress urinary inconti-nence group and normal group. This research was done using analytic method with cross sectional design in 13 women with stress urinary incontinence, and 17 women with normal group. Subjects were collected in hospitals of Pariaman, Padang from May to December 2014. Examination of the pelvic floor muscle strength was performed with a perineometer. Differences between the mean difference in the strength of the pelvic floor muscles before and after spontaneous delivery between the two groups were analyzed using independent t test. The mean difference between the strength of the pelvic floor muscles before and after spontaneous labor in stress urinary incontinence group was larger than normal group (3.85 + 1.281 cmH2O vs 2,00 + 1.173 cmH2O, p = 0.000). The mean difference between the strength of the pelvic floor muscles before and after spontaneous labor in stress urinary incontinence group was significantly greater than the normal group.Keywords: Pelvic Floor Muscle, Urinary Incontinence, Spontaneous Labor

scholarly journals Efficacy of rituximab in neuromyelitis optica: A meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulin Gao ◽  
Bingyan Chai ◽  
Cheng Gu ◽  
Ruipeng Wu ◽  
Tong Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Efficacy Measures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Edss Score

Abstract Background: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a severe autoimmune disorder of inflammatory central nervous system, which often resulting in paralysis or blindness. Rituximab (RTX) is a mouse-human chimeric monoclonal antibody specific for the CD20 antigen on B lymphocytes used to treat many autoimmune diseases. This review performed a meta-analysis of the efficacy of rituximab use in NMO. Methods: We searched through the databases of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. We compiled 28 studies in this meta-analysis: 19 used annualized relapse rate (ARR) ratio, 24 used Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score. Differences in the ARR ratio and EDSS score before and after rituximab therapy were the main efficacy measures. After a consistency test, the publication bias was evaluated and a sensitivity analysis was performed with mean difference (MD) of the efficacy of rituximab. Results: A meta-analysis of 28 studies with 613 participants total was conducted. NMO patients have antibodies against aquaporin 4 autoantibody (AQP4-Ab) were recorded in 440 of 613 (71.78%). The mean difference of ARR ratio after rituximab therapy was 1.59 (95% CI, 1.33 to 1.85), and a mean difference 1.14 (95%CI, 0.95 to 1.33) reduction in the mean EDSS score. 345 of 563 patients (61.28%) reached a relapse-free state. 94 of 613 (15.33%) patients had adverse reactions. Conclusions: RTX has acceptable tolerance, reduces the frequency of relapse, and improves disability in most patients. However, the potential impact of early diagnosis of NMO and treatment with RTX in reducing health-care costs and improving functional outcome should be carefully addressed in future studies.

scholarly journals Effect of vitamin D supplementation on fetal growth and development in pregnant women

Biomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-824
Author(s):  
Srilekha V. ◽  
B. Vijayalakshmi ◽  
I. Yogananda Reddy ◽  
Nayiema Fathima
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Biparietal Diameter ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Introduction and Aim:  Fetal growth is a dynamic process that must be monitored in pregnant women to reduce the long-term consequences of fetal anomalies and post-natal effects on their life. The current study was aimed to find out the effectiveness and association of vitamin D on fetal growth during the prenatal period.   Materials and Methods: It was a randomized control trial undertaken in 100 pregnant women who were allocated randomly into two groups based on calcemic state. After giving 6000 IU of vitamin D intervention the fetal growth was measured at the end of 3 months and the variables were obtained before and after the intervention.   Results: The mean difference of fetal weight between groups was 77g was significantly increased to 277g (p<0.01) after 3 months. The mean difference of femur length before intervention was 0.95mm (p-0.18) significantly increased to 3.03mm (p<0.01). Further, the mean biparietal diameter difference was 0.13mm (p-0.92) was substantially increased to 4.77mm(p<0.01).   Conclusion: The current study suggests that the fetal growth variables were significantly increased in post-intervention phases which can be attributed to vitamin D. It has an immense effect on fetal growth which can be supplemented during different trimesters to enhance fetal development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document