Effects of Demand Transitions on Vigilance Performance and Perceived Workload

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (21) ◽  
pp. 1375-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W. Moroney ◽  
Joel S. Warm ◽  
William N. Dember
Keyword(s):  
Event Rate ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Task Demand ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Mental Demand ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Upper Level

This study examined the effects of transitions in task demand on vigilance performance and perceived mental workload. Task demand was manipulated through variations in background event rate–the rate of cascade of neutral events which must be monitored in order to detect critical signals. As is typical in vigilance research, overall performance varied inversely with event rate in all phases of the study. The post-transition performance of observers shifted from a fast-to-slow event rate (high-to-low task demand) remained below that of their continuous slow event rate controls, and was thus unaffected by the shift. In contrast, the post-transition performance of monitors shifted in the opposite direction, slow-to-fast event rate, was affected by the shift. In this case, the performance of the shifted observers fell below that of their continuous fast event rate controls. These results challenge prior findings indicating that psychophysical contrast is the representative outcome of shifts in information-processing demand in vigilance tasks (Krulewitz, Warm, & Wohl, 1975). Consistent with previous findings, workload scores, as indexed by the NASA-TLX, fell at the mid-to-upper level of the scale. Shifted observers who experienced both high and low levels of task demand during the vigil showed differences in composite ratings on the Mental Demand subscale. These results serve to caution that workload measurements obtained through the NASA-TLX at the end of an experimental session containing variations in task demand do not simply reflect an averaging of the observer's demand experiences.

Pengukuran Beban Kerja Mental Job Driver Dan Swamper Team Fuel Menggunakan NASA-TLX

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-338
Author(s):  
Muhammad Qurthuby
Keyword(s):  
Work Stress ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Physical Demand ◽  
Mental Demand ◽  
Work Accident ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
Very High

Giving excessive workloads causes work stress both physically and psychologically and emotional reactions. The excess workload experienced by drivers and swampers at PT XYZ results in reduced attention at work, decreased work motivation, and decreased skill levels, thus affecting drivers and swampers productivity and the chance of a work accident is very high. This study aims to measure the Mental Workload of Job Driver and Swampers Fuel Tank Using the NASA-TLX Method. The NASA-TLX score obtained 93.8, driver 2  get 83.7, driver 3  91.3, swamper 1  91, swamper 2 89.5, and swamper 3 94.7. Elements of mental workload that are very influential are Mental Demand with a percentage of 22%, Effort 20%, Physical Demand 18%, Own Performance 15%, Frustation Level 15% and Temporal Demand 12%.

Assessment of perceived workload in academic health center community pharmacies before and after implementation of a central call center

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (21) ◽  
pp. 1794-1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel Legenza ◽  
Nancy A Nickman ◽  
Frank A Drews ◽  
Matthew Rim ◽  
Jeremy Tigh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Call Center ◽  
Academic Health Center ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Academic Health ◽  
Physical Demand ◽  
Mental Demand ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Nasa Tlx

Abstract Purpose Results of a study to determine whether reducing pharmacy phone call workload through implementation of a pharmacy services call center (PSCC) led to decreased employee workload, improved efficiency, and increased pharmacist availability for patient care are reported. Methods A pre–post study was conducted using the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) instrument. Pharmacists, pharmacy technicians at 7 academic health center community pharmacies, and PSCC staff provided NASA-TLX data over 5 days during 3 data collection periods before and after PSCC implementation. Perceived workload was measured as an overall workload score (OWS) and mean scores for 6 NASA-TLX workload dimensions (mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, performance, effort, and frustration). Results Relative to pre-PSCC values, mean postimplementation OWS scores significantly decreased in all 7 pharmacies (from 33.3 to 29.1 overall, p < 0.001) but especially in small pharmacies (from 31.7 to 27.6, p < 0.001). Scores for the physical demand and frustration dimensions were low in both the PSCC and in the 7 pharmacies, while scores for the performance dimension remained high (range, 6.8–8.3). In general, scores for all other measured NASA-TLX dimensions decreased after PSCC implementation, more so at smaller pharmacies. The PSCC staff mean OWS score increased over time (from 26.8 to 28.6, p < 0.0001) but remained near the overall pharmacy average of 29.1. Conclusion Use of the NASA TLX allowed for a direct subjective measurement of workload as perceived by pharmacy and PSCC employees before and after PSCC implementation. Long-term effects of the PSCC on workload should be assessed.

The Vigilance Decrement Reflects Limitations in Effortful Attention, Not Mindlessness

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Grier ◽  
Joel S. Warm ◽  
William N. Dember ◽  
Gerald Matthews ◽  
Traci L. Galinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Workload ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Neutral Stimulus ◽  
Button Press ◽  
Vigilance Decrement ◽  
Vigilance Performance ◽  
Critical Signal ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
Over Time

Robertson, Manly, Andrade, Baddeley, and Yiend (1997) proposed that the decline in performance efficiency over time in vigilance tasks (the vigilance decrement) is characterized by “mindlessness” or a withdrawal of attentional effort from the monitoring assignment. We assessed that proposal using measures of perceived mental workload (NASA-TLX) and stress (Dundee Stress State Questionnaire). Two types of vigilance task were employed: a traditional version, wherein observers made button-press responses to signify detection of rarely occurring critical signals, and a modified version, developed by Robertson et al. to promote mindlessness via routinization, wherein button-press responses acknowledged frequently occurring neutral stimulus events and response withholding signified critical signal detection. The vigilance decrement was observed in both tasks, and both tasks generated equally elevated levels of workload and stress, the latter including cognitions relating to performance adequacy. Vigilance performance seems better characterized by effortful attention (mindfulness) than by mindlessness. Actual or potential applications of this research include procedures to reduce the information-processing demand imposed by vigilance tasks and the stress associated with such tasks.

Peak-End Effects for Subjective Mental Workload Ratings

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 2052-2056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug A. Peterson ◽  
Denis Kozhokar
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
End Effects ◽  
Manipulation Check ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Mental Demand ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
Different Order

The present study examines the possible impact of the peak-end rule as it applies to the measurement of subjective workload. Researchers presented participants with the same three tasks presented in a different order and asked participants to rate the workload of the entire session using a single item rating scale and the NASA-TLX. One of the three tasks was designed to be more challenging than the other two as confirmed by a manipulation check. When the challenging task was presented last in the session, there were significantly higher ratings on the TLX-mental demand and TLX-effort subscales. The overall NASA-TLX and the single item rating scale both produced scores that were higher when this challenging task was last but did not reach statistical significance. Future research regarding subjective mental workload should be careful to consider these end-effects as a potential source of bias.

scholarly journals Assessing the Mental Workload of staff in a Bank in Hamadan by NASA-TLX Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh BAKHSHI ◽  
Majid MOTAMEDZADE ◽  
Maryam FARHADIAN
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mental Demand ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bank Employees ◽  
Nasa Tlx

Introduction: Mental workload is one of the effective factors on the performance and efficiency of people working in an organization that put their health at risk. The aim of this study was to determine the mental workload of staffa working in a bank in Hamadan City of Iran  by NASA-TLX method. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 110 bank employees were surveyed. The data were collected using demographic and NASA-TLX questionnaires. Finally, collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 by running descriptive statistics and statistical tests. Results: According to the participants, the mean and standard deviation of effort and mental demand, as the most important dimensions were 81.04 ± 14.51 and 79.50 ± 18.05, respectively. The performance dimension was selected as the least important dimension with the mean and standard deviation of 64.37 ± 10.17. The results of statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between the participants' total score of mental workload and their demographic information such as age, gender, educational level, marital status, experience, and work overtime(P>0.05). The Pearson correlation coefficient showed that age (P<0.05) and work experience (P<0.01) had a significant and inverse relationship with temporal demand dimension . Conclusion: Based on the findings, the mean of perceived mental workload of bank employees was high. Therefore, effective programs should be conducted to mitigate and reduce the mental workload and to promote mental health of bank employees.

A-48 Examining the Relationship between Ethnicity, Perceived Workload, and Acculturation on Cordoba Naming Test Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1089-1089
Author(s):  
Isabel Munoz ◽  
Daniel W Lopez-Hernandez ◽  
Abril J Baez ◽  
Raymundo Cervantes ◽  
Raelynn B Munoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Lexical Retrieval ◽  
Mental Demand ◽  
Confrontation Naming ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Naming Test

Abstract Objective Confrontation naming tests are used to examine an individual’s lexical retrieval. We examined the relationship of perceived workload and acculturation in three ethnic groups’ Cordoba Naming Test (CNT) performance. Methods The sample consisted of 32 Latinx, 11 Caucasians, and 10 Asian; all neurologically and psychologically healthy residents. All participants completed the CNT and subscales of the Abbreviated Multidimensional Acculturation Scale (AMAS) in English. AMAS was used to measure acculturation and the NASA-Task Load Index (NASA TLX) measured perceived workload. Results The CNT showed that the Caucasian group outperformed the Latinx group, p = 0.024, ηp2 = 0.14. However, the Latinx group reported better CNT performance compared to the Caucasian group, p = 0.023, ηp2 = 0.14. No differences were found between groups on the AMAS. Finally, we found a significant relationship between CNT and NASA-TLX subscales (i.e., performance, mental demand, effort, frustration, & overall perceived workload) in the Latinx group, r = −0.562 to −0.398, p &lt; 0.05. Discussion Results showed the Latinx group demonstrated worse CNT performance compared to the Caucasian group. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate confrontation naming performance in an ethnically diverse sample. Furthermore, we found the Latinx group reported a higher perceived performance on the CNT compared to Caucasians. Our results indicated a relationship between CNT performance and perceived workload in our Latinx sample as opposed to the Caucasian and Asian groups. Future research is needed with a larger sample size; moreover, additional research should investigate interactions between perceived workload, acculturation, and other cultural variables (e.g., bilingualism) in the interpretation of test performance in diverse ethnic groups.

scholarly journals El estilo de comunicación del entrenador como predictor de la carga de trabajo percibida en jóvenes futbolistas (Coach communication style as a predictor of perceived workload in young football players)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 868-874
Author(s):  
Roberto Silva Flores ◽  
Jaume Mas Riera ◽  
Alexandre Garcia-Mas
Keyword(s):  
Communication Style ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Managerial Communication ◽  
Mental Demand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
Video And Audio

  El objetivo del presente trabajo fue conocer las implicaciones del estilo comunicativo del entrenador durante la realización de la actividad en la carga de trabajo percibida por jugadores jóvenes de fútbol. En el estudio participaron dos equipos de la categoría cadete, siendo un total de 32 jugadores (M = 15.19; SD = 0.39), y sus dos respectivos entrenadores. La recogida de datos tuvo lugar en dos entrenamientos diferentes, con un intervalo de una semana entre cada actividad. La carga de trabajo se midió mediante el NASA-TLX adaptado a la herramienta de Google Forms que los jugadores contestaron después de la actividad. Para analizar la comunicación del entrenador se utilizó la grabación en video y audio de la actividad para un posterior análisis a través de una adaptación del CBAS. Aunque los entrenadores presentan dos estilos comunicativos distintos, los resultados no muestran una diferencia significativa entre los dos equipos en la carga de trabajo percibida. Sin embargo, el estilo comunicativo directivo presenta una tendencia a una mayor exigencia mental, una mayor frustración y un menor rendimiento percibido.  Abstract. The aim of this study was to know the implications of the coach's communicative style during the performance of the activity on the workload perceived by young soccer players. Two teams from the cadet category participated in the study, with a total of 32 players (M = 15.19; SD = 0.39), and their two respective coaches. Data collection took place in two different workouts, with an interval of one week between each activity. The workload was measured using the NASA-TLX adapted to the Google Forms tool that the players answered after the activity. Regarding the analysis of the coach's communication, video and audio recording of the activity was used for subsequent analysis through an adaptation of CBAS. Although the coaches have two different communication styles, the results don’t show a significant difference between the two teams in perceived workload. However, the managerial communication style presents a trend towards greater mental demand, greater frustration and lower performance perceived.

scholarly journals BEBAN KERJA MENTAL DAN KELUHAN KELELAHAN KERJA PADA BIDAN DI PUSKESMAS JETIS YOGYAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Nafi`ah Nurfi Afriansyah
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Mental Work ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Demand ◽  
Mental Demand ◽  
Nasa Tlx

ABSTRACK The main task of midwife support was to decrease Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) by midwifery services. The profession of midwife not only as midwifery services but also as a manager, researcher, and educator in society. Profession as a midwife need good physical and mental health. Therefore, all midwifery professionals were have to optimum performances. This research aim were to describe mental work loads and work fatigue of midwife in Puskesmas Jetis Yogyakarta. This research was decriptive with cross sectional approach. The sample used total sampling with 15 midwifes who worked in Puskesmas Jetis Yogyakarta. The instruments for collect the data used by interview, observation, and filling NASA-TLX with IFRC questionnaires. The results showed that physic workload category amount to 46% (Physical Demand = 14%, Temporal Demand = 22%, Own Performance = 10%), and mental workload category amount to 54% (Mental Demand = 18%, Frustation = 15%, Effort = 21%), also average fatigue of midwife on the medium level as 60 %. The conclusion of this research showed that mental workload of midwife gave more effect than physic workload. Keywords: work load, midwife, work fatigue ABSTRAK Tugas utama profesi bidan adalah mendukung penurunkan Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) dan Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) melalui pelayanan kebidanan yang berkualitas. Tugas bidan tidak hanya sebagai pelaksana pelayanan kebidanan, namun juga mempunyai peran sebagai pengelola, peneliti, dan pendidik di masyarakat. Profesi sebagai bidan merupakan pekerja yang membutuhkan kesehatan fisik dan mental yang baik. Oleh sebab itu profesi bidan dituntut memiliki performa yang optimal. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan beban kerja mental dan kelelahan kerja pada bidan di Puskesmas Jetis Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian secara deskriptif dengan pendekatan waktu cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan total sampling sebanyak 15 Bidan yang bekerja di Puskesmas Jetis Yogyakarta. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk pengambilan data menggunakan kuisioner beban kerja NASA –TLX, kuisioner IFRC, wawancara, dan observasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dimensi NASA-TLX kategori Beban Kerja Fisik sebesar 46% (Physical Demand = 14%, Temporal Demand = 22%, Own Performance = 10%), dan kategori Beban Kerja Mental sebesar 54% (Mental Demand = 18%, Frustation = 15%, Effort = 21%), serta rata – rata tingkat kelelahan kerja sedang sebesar 60%. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa beban kerja mental pada bidan dirasakan lebih besar daripada beban kerja fisik. Kata Kunci : beban kerja, bidan, kelelahan kerja

scholarly journals The mental workload analysis of safety workers in an Indonesian oil mining industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 01078
Author(s):  
Sri Indrawati ◽  
Atyanti Dyah Prabaswari ◽  
Tasya Pradipta
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
Workload Analysis ◽  
Mental Demand ◽  
Safety Officer ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
Frustration Level

The responsibilities of occupational health and safety workers are very hard to ensure other workers is safety. The responsibility make the workers of occupational health and safety has some affecting to their job. Some effect can cause over the mental workload. This research aims to determine the score of mental workload from three professions in occupational health and safety, i.e. safetyman contractor, safetyman field and safetyman officer. Six indicators in the NASA-TLX method, i.e. mental demand (MD), physical demand (PD), temporal demand (TD), performance (OP), effort (EF) and frustration level (FR) are used to determine the worker’s mental workload. The result shows mental demand (MD) is the most dominant indicators affecting the mental workload between safetyman contractor, safetyman field and safety officer. The highest mental workload score among safety workers is on the safetyman field with WWL score at 62,38, because among the three types safety workers, the highest MD is on the safetyman field due to the responsibility.

scholarly journals THE MEASUREMENT OF NURSES’ MENTAL WORKLOAD USING NASA-TLX METHOD (A CASE STUDY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (Special1) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Nur I ◽  
Iskandar H ◽  
Ade RF
Keyword(s):  
Mental Workload ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Mental Demand ◽  
High Workload ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
Years Of Service ◽  
Primary Groups ◽  
Very High

Nurse is a profession that has a quite high workload. It can be seen from how often they should encounter situations which compel them to undergo precisely right decision in saving patients’ lives. Various environmental conditions increase the frustration rate of the nurses, such as noise of the crowds and medical equipment, as well as smell of medicines and wounds at once. Moreover, demands from the patients’ family make it even tougher for them. Therefore, this study aims to measure the mental workload of the nurses at Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and emergency unit (IGD) in the Hospital ZA based on their years of service. The study was conducted using the method of NASA-TLX (National Aeronautics and Space Administration – Task Load Index). It measured the workload in six dimensions: Mental Demand (MD), Physical Demand (PD), Temporal Demand (TD), Own Performance (P), Effort (EF), and Frustration Rate (FR). The results of the study show that the average value of the nurses’ workload at ICU and IGD is in the category very high (respectively 80 and 83) for the nurses with 0-3 years of service, and the most contributing factor for both the primary groups is the effort (EF).

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