scholarly journals Essential Oil Polymorphism of Wild Growing Hungarian Thyme (Thymus Pannonicus) Populations in the Carpathian Basin

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Pluhár ◽  
Szilvia Sárosi ◽  
Adrienn Pintér ◽  
Hella Simkó
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Volatile Compound ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Linalyl Acetate ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Essential Oil Compounds

The volatile oil compositions of Thymus pannonicus All. from nineteen different localities of Hungary were analyzed by GC/MS. The essential oil content of the Hungarian thyme samples varied between very low (0.14 mL/100 g DW) and fairly high (1.9 mL/100 g DW) values. Significant essential oil polymorphism was found: altogether twelve chemovarieties may have been determined, representing a way of adaptation to different habitat conditions. The main volatile compound of chemotype 1 was thymol (24.6-67.5%), while in the case of chemotype 2, thymol (36.5-63.7%) and p-cymene (11.5-27.3%) predominated. Thymol (28.4-63.7%), p-cymene (11.5-31.8%) and γ-terpinene (9.7-20.9%) were identified as the chief monoterpenes of chemotype 3, while chemotype 4 contained thymol (36.5%), p-cymene (27.3%) and neral (11.2%). Chemotype 5 accumulated thymol (38.5%), p-cymene (20.6%), γ-terpinene (12.0%) and β-bisabolene (10.3%) as its main volatiles. The oil of chemotype 6 can be characterized by thymol (41.9%), p-cymene (20.2%), isoborneol (10.3%) and γ-terpinene (9.9%), while that of chemotype 7 consisted of thymol (27.7%), linalyl acetate (18.8%), γ-terpinene (18.6%) and α-cubebene (13.9%). In the oil of chemotype 8, p-cymene (45.0%), geraniol (13.6%) and linalyl acetate (9.9%) were found in higher percentages, while chemotype 9 mainly produced linalyl acetate (36.2%) and geranyl acetate (20.2%). Chemotype 10 accumulated germacrene-D (43.4) and β-caryophyllene (15.0%), while the oil of chemotype 11 contained caryophyllene oxide (45.2%), α-cubebene (15.7%) and linalool (13.8%) in high proportions. Germacrene-D (29.7%), β-caryophyllene (22.0%) and farnesol (10.4%) were identified as main essential oil compounds of chemotype 12. The last nine chemotypes were new for the literature, while the first seven contained thymol as their chief compound. The role of certain sesquiterpenes was found to be considerable.

scholarly journals Essential Oil Polymorphism of Hungarian Common Thyme (Thymus Glabrescens Willd.) Populations

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Pluhár ◽  
Szilvia Sárosi ◽  
Ildikó Novák ◽  
Gabriella Kutta
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Linalyl Acetate ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Essential Oil Compounds

The volatile oil compositions of Thymus glabrescens Willd. from eight different localities of Hungary were analyzed by GC/MS. Significant essential oil polymorphism was found: eight new chemovarieties may have been determined, representing a way of adaptation to the different habitat conditions. The main volatile compounds of chemotype 1 (Csesznek) were thymol (34.2%), γ-terpinene (26.2%) and p-cymene (16.4%). In the case of chemotype 2 (Várpalota), germacrene D (55.4%) and β-caryophyllene (14.8%) were identified as chief constituents. Chemotype 3 (Szentbékkálla) contained thymol (32.9%), β-caryophyllene (16.5%) and germacrene D (17.6%), while chemotype 4 (Várvölgy) accumulated α-cubebene (50.9%) and β-caryophyllene (22.9%) as the main volatiles. The oil of chemotype 5 (Várgesztes) can be characterized by geraniol (49.0%) and germacrene D (13.6%), while that of chemotype 6 (Tardosbánya) consisted of p-cymene (45.0%), geraniol (13.6%) and linalyl acetate (9.9%). In the oil of chemotype 7 (Salgó Hill), thymol (14.4%), germacrone (12.1%) and geraniol (10.8%) were found in higher percentages, while chemotype 8 (Pásztó) produced thymol (29.3%) and germacrene D (14.2%) as its main essential oil compounds. The existence of thymol chemotypes in the case of T. glabrescens is new for the literature.

scholarly journals GC Analyses of Salvia Seeds as Valuable Essential Oil Source

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouna Ben Taârit ◽  
Kamel Msaada ◽  
Karim Hosni ◽  
Brahim Marzouk
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Linalyl Acetate ◽  
Salvia Sclarea ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Oil Source

The essential oils of seeds of Salvia verbenaca, Salvia officinalis, and Salvia sclarea were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry. The oil yields (w/w) were 0.050, 0.047, and 0.045% in S. verbenaca, S. sclarea, and S. officinalis, respectively. Seventy-five compounds were identified. The essential oil composition of S. verbenaca seeds showed that over 57% of the detected compounds were oxygenated monoterpenes followed by sesquiterpenes (24.04%) and labdane type diterpenes (5.61%). The main essential oil constituents were camphor (38.94%), caryophyllene oxide (7.28%), and 13-epi-manool (5.61%), while those of essential oil of S. officinalis were α-thujone (14.77%), camphor (13.08%), and 1,8-cineole (6.66%). In samples of S. sclarea, essential oil consists mainly of linalool (24.25%), α-thujene (7.48%), linalyl acetate (6.90%), germacrene-D (5.88%), bicyclogermacrene (4.29%), and α-copaene (4.08%). This variability leads to a large range of naturally occurring volatile compounds with valuable industrial and pharmaceutical outlets.

scholarly journals Volatile Constituents of Melissa officinalis Leaves Determined by Plant Age

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Nurzyńska-Wierdak ◽  
Anna Bogucka-Kocka ◽  
Grażyna Szymczak
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Second Year

The present study investigated changes in the content and chemical composition of the essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation from air-dried Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) leaves in the first and second year of plant growth. The lemon balm oil was analysed by GC-MS and GC-FID. The presence of 106 compounds, representing 100% of the oil constituents, was determined in the oil. The predominant components were geranial (45.2% and 45.1%) and neral (32.8% and 33.8%); their proportions in the examined samples of the oil obtained from one- and two-year-old plants were comparable. However, the age of lemon balm plants affected the concentration of other constituents and the proportions of the following compounds were subject to especially high fluctuations: citronellal (8.7% and 0.4%), geraniol (trace amounts and 0.6%), and geranyl acetate (0.5% and 3.0%), as well as, among others, isogeranial, E-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, germacrene D, and carvacrol. The essential oil of two-year-old plants was characterized by a richer chemical composition than the oil from younger plants.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Croton bonplandianus from India

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900
Author(s):  
Rajesh K. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Total Oil

The essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of Croton bonplandianus Baill. was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A total of 37 compounds have been identified, representing 96.2% of the total oil. The main constituents were identified as β-caryophyllene (16.7%), germacrene D (14.7%), borneol (8.3%), Z-β-damascenone (6.(%), isobornyl acetate (6.2%), α-humulene (6.1%), germacrene A (5.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.5%). The oil was rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (60.1%).

scholarly journals Analysis of Chemical Constituents of the Volatile Oil from Leaves of Solanum bicolor

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500
Author(s):  
Alida Pérez Colmenares ◽  
Luis B. Rojas ◽  
Eilen Arias ◽  
Juan Carmona Arzola ◽  
Alfredo Usubillaga
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Germacrene D

The volatile components from the leaves of Solanum bicolor Roemer & Schultes, was obtained by hydrodistillation and was analizad by GC/MS. A total of 20 compounds, representing 96.3 % of the oil, were identified. The dominant compounds were trans-caryophyllene (23.2%), trans-2-pentadecene (22.6%), germacrene D (12.2%), biciclogermecrene (8.0%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.7%).

scholarly journals GC MS Analysis of the Volatile Constituents of Essential Oil and Aromatic Waters of Artemisia Annua L. at Different Developmental Stages

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rita Bilia ◽  
Guido Flamini ◽  
Fabrizio Morgenni ◽  
Benedetta Isacchi ◽  
Franco FrancescoVincieri
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Artemisia Annua L ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Long Time

Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae) still represents the only source of artemisinin, considered as one of the most important drugs for the treatment of malaria and which, more recently, has been shown to be effective against numerous types of tumors. The foliage and inflorescence of A. annua also yield an essential oil upon hydrodistillation. This oil has been evaluated at different development stages (pre-flowering and flowering) by GC/MS. The volatile oil from plants at full blooming showed numerous constituents, with germacrene D (21.2%), camphor (17.6%), β-farnesene (10.2%), β-caryophyllene (9%), and bicyclogermacrene (4.2%) among the main ones. Aromatic waters, after extraction with n-hexane, showed the presence, among others, of camphor (27.7%), 1,8-cineole (14%), artemisia ketone (10.1%), α-terpineol (6.1%), trans-pinocarveol (5.4%), and artemisia alcohol (2%). From plants at the pre-flowering stage, aromatic waters were obtained with camphor (30.7%), 1,8-cineole (12.8%), artemisia alcohol (11.4%), artemisia ketone (9.5%), alpha-terpineol (5.8%), and trans-pinocarveol (3.0%) as the main constituents. The qualitative and quantitative profiles of the two aromatic waters were similar. These results permitted the conclusion to be made that A. annua could be harvested a long time before the onset of flowering to obtain higher yields of artemisinin or could be allowed to attain maturity to obtain valuable yields of volatiles.

scholarly journals Changes in Essential Oil Content and Composition of Salvia Limbata C.A. Mey at Different Growth Stages and Altitudes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Saffariha ◽  
Hossein Azarnivand ◽  
Mohammad Ali Zare Chahouki ◽  
Ali Tavili ◽  
Samad Nejad Ebrahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Optimal Harvest ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Abstract BackgroundThe present study investigates the effect of growth stage (vegetative, flowering and seed ripening) and altitude (1500, 2000 and 2500 m above sea level) on the content and chemical composition of S. limbata essential oil which belongs to Lamiaceae family.ResultsAccording to the oil analysis, 28 components representing 96.5% to 99.7% of the total volatile oil composition were characterized. The main compounds of S. limbata oils were α-pinene (14.7-38.7%), β-pinene (12.5-26.2%), allo-aromadendrene (9.2-21.7%), germacrene D (4.2-8.3%), bicyclogermacrene (6.5-14.5 %), and spathulenol (7.5-25.4 %).DiscussionThe obtained results showed that the content and constituents of S. limbata essential oil strongly depend on the growth stage and altitude. Our findings revealed that the vegetative stage at 1500 m is the optimal harvest time to obtain the highest content of oil yield. Results of the current study helps to find the optimum situation to gain the highest content of S. limbata essential oil but more researches are needed.

Effect of Harvest Time on Phytochemical Profile of Citrus aurantifolia Leaf Essential Oil Grown in North Central, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
T. C. Ogunyemi ◽  
C. M. Ekuma ◽  
T. O. Akintoye ◽  
S. T. Ogunyemi
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Compositional Variation ◽  
North Central ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil

Citrus aurantifolia essential oils are volatile phytochemicals obtained from various part of the plant which has found wide range of domestic, medicinal and industrial applications. The research seeks to investigate the effect of time of harvest on the yield and phytochemical composition of Citrus aurantifolia leaf oil. Pulverized leaves of Citrus aurantifolia harvested in the morning (7a.m) and afternoon (2p.m) on the same day were separately subjected to hydro-distillation which yielded 0.4 and 0.5% (v/w) of the volatile oil respectively. Analyses of the oil harvested in the morning (7am) revealed the predominance of oxygenated terpenes which constituted 58.3%  of the oil. The principal constituents were; isolimonene (22.2%), neral (22.2%), citral (21.5%), caryophyllene (4.3%), and α-geranyl acetate (4.1%). Furthermore, the leaf oil from the afternoon (2pm) harvest also showed predominance of oxygenated terpenes which constituted 57.7%. The principal constituents in the oil were; limonene (20.2%), neral (24.5%), citral (10.3%), caryophyllene (5.4%), and α-geranyl acetate (3.3%). This study established   that there was compositional variation in the leaf essential oil obtained from the different time of harvests.       

scholarly journals Essential oil composition of Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum minimum L. in Turkey

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Özcan ◽  
J.-C. Chalchat
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Main Components

The constituents of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation of the overground parts of Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum minimum L. from Turkey were examined by GC-MS. A total of 49 and 41 components, respectively, were identified accounting for 88.1% and 74.4% of the oils of O. basilicum and O. minimum, respectively. The oil of O. basilicum contained, as main components, methyl eugenol (78.02%), α-cubebene (6.17%), nerol (0.83%) and ε-muurolene (0.74%). Major compounds in the volatile oil of O. minimum were geranyl acetate (69.48%), terpinen-4-ol (2.35%) and octan-3-yl-acetate (0.72%). The essential oil of O. basilicum was characterised by its high content of methyl eugenol (78.02%), whereas the most important essential oil constituent of O. minimum was geranyl acetate (69.48%).    

scholarly journals Essential Oil Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Ballota nigra L. ssp Foetida

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Fraternale ◽  
Anahi Bucchini ◽  
Laura Giamperi ◽  
Donata Ricci
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Germacrene D

The chemical composition of the essential oil of Ballota nigra L. ssp foetida obtained from the flowering aerial parts was analyzed by GC/MS. From the 37 identified constituents of the oil, β-caryophyllene (20.0%), germacrene D (18.0%) and caryophyllene oxide (15.0%) were the major components. The oil was active against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as against three Candida species.

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