scholarly journals Analysis of Urban Transformation Through the Use of Expanded Research Tools

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110383
Author(s):  
Ana Elena Builes-Vélez ◽  
Lina María Suárez Velásquez ◽  
Leonardo Correa Velásquez ◽  
Diana Carolina Gutiérrez Aristizábal
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Design Development ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The Social ◽  
American Cities ◽  
Research Tools

In recent years, urban design development has been an important topic in Latin American cities such as Medellín due to the transformation of their urban spaces, along with the new methods used to evaluate the social, morphological, and, in some cases, economic impacts that have been brought about by the urban development projects. When inquiring about the development process and impact of urban studies, and the inhabitants’ relation to a transformed space, it is important to establish the context within which images, drawings, and photographs are analyzed, using graphical approaches triangulated with other research methods to define comparative criteria. In this article, we reflect on the expanded use of various research tools for the analysis of urban transformation, taking with reference the experience lived by a group of researchers in two Latin American cities. From this, it is intended to understand how they work and how they allow us to understand the urban transformation of these cities, the data obtained, and the vision of the researchers.

scholarly journals Urban Phenomena in São Paulo’s Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: Appropriating Local Spatio-Temporalities

Tempo Social ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-69
Author(s):  
Sebastian Dorsch
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

The article seeks to investigate urban phenomena in São Paulo’s 19th and 20th centuries by utilizing Henri Lefebvre’s concept of appropriation. Thus I focus on the relations between urban space(s) and its inhabitants, and the analysis of the city – usually perceived as space – becomes a spatio-temporal and relational analysis regarding dynamic practices, conflicts, etc. understood as urban phenomena. How did the inhabitants appropriate São Paulo? May we state special forms by comparing it to other Latin American cities of former times? How did the migrants arriving at the end of 19th century change old forms of living in the city? I conclude with remarks and critics on the potential of using the concept of appropriation in urban studies.

scholarly journals Opting Out of the Social Contract: Tax Morale and Evasion

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 1175-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Néstor Castañeda ◽  
David Doyle ◽  
Cassilde Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Tax Morale ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Opting Out ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
To Receive ◽  
American Cities

We examine the individual-level determinants of tax morale in low-capacity states, specifically Latin American countries, where the social contract is often perceived as fractured. We argue that individuals in such states perceive the social contract as an agreement to which they can opt in or opt out. Those who choose to opt out prefer to substitute state-provided goods for private providers, rather than pay for public goods through taxes or free ride to receive those goods. Through a list experiment conducted in Mexico City, we demonstrate that willingness to evade taxes is highest when individuals have stepped outside of the social contract. More traditional indicators of reciprocity—such as socioeconomic status and perceptions of corruption—are not significant. We bolster our experimental results with observational data from 17 Latin American cities; those with access to employer-sponsored insurance are more willing to evade tax.

scholarly journals A BRIDGE OVER TROUBLED URBAN WATERS

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Anthony Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Urban Ethnography ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Analysis ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The Philadelphia Negro ◽  
American Cities

AbstractGenerating new understandings of the contributions of W. E. B. Du Bois's The Philadelphia Negro (1899) for sociology and social science more generally, this article posits that the urban analysis provided in the book demonstrates how interwoven cultural and economic factors undergird the social organization of urban communities more so than any pragmatic economic pattern or logic. It is the interwoven nature of these factors (defined in this article as the counterintuitive economic logics of the study) that have been insufficiently acknowledged in recent decades of social scientific urban studies research. Exploring the interwoven nature of cultural and economic factors in the sustenance of Philadelphia's Black Seventh Ward, this article suggests that the agency of African Americans is a critical, yet undervalued, aspect of their urban living. This article situates W. E. B. Du Bois as the first of some later voices (mostly within urban ethnography) that offer a corrective and alternative to urban spatial conceptual frameworks that did not and do not fully account for the persistent influence of race and the agency of racial minorities on the landscape of American cities.

scholarly journals Research tools for design. Spatial layout and patterns of users' behaviour

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Space Syntax ◽  
Spatial Layout ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
Design Technology ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Tools

The publication proposes a critical reading of the results emerging from the Seminar organised in January 2010 by the Department of Architectural and Design Technology on research tools for the architectural project. The spatial layout of buildings and urban spaces influences behaviour and the relations of the users, and in this displays the social nature of the architectural function in comparison to other spheres of design. Space Syntax (theory, methodology and techniques for the analysis of complex systems) takes this theory as the basis for its research. The seminar, attended by leading academic and professional figures, offered the opportunity for exchange between its own research and the experiences carried forward by the Space Syntax research and consultancy group.

scholarly journals Construcción comunitaria a partir de la resignificación de lugares de culto. Una propuesta para las franjas urbanas de América Latina

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (60) ◽  
pp. 78-93
Author(s):  
Edwin Alexander Romero-Torres ◽  
Jairo Hernán Ovalle-Garay
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Participatory Process ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
America Latina ◽  
American Cities ◽  
New Settlements

The urban fringes of Latin American cities are the result of the accelerated growth that entails the formation of new settlements, that do not meet the basic needs of their inhabitants, and where the facilities have lost their meaning as a space to build the social and urban fabric. Starting from this problem, this text addresses the development of a place of worship that incorporates the concept of device as a piece of social articulation. The proposal starts from the analysis and diagnosis of the area and proposes two intervention scales under the “option generator model” (Carvajalino-Bayona, 1985) framework. The first consists of the improvement of the neighborhood in its main urban structures, while the second consists of the development of the architectural project that integrates worship activities with the dynamics of the neighborhood, from a multifunctional perspective. In this sense, urban relationships are strengthened, but at the same time, give continuity to the reflection raised from the design, where the participatory process is an opportunity to build dialogue and social fabric between the players involved, which in this case are part of communities in conditions of vulnerability.

scholarly journals Jungle beef: consumption, production and destruction, and the development process in the Brazilian Amazon

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Hoelle
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Environmental Destruction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Developing Settings

Abstract The environmental impacts of the global livestock industry are expected to continue increasing due to high meat consumption among affluent consumers in developed nations, and "new" consumers in emerging countries, such as Brazil. There is substantial research on the connections between international meat consumption and the destruction of Latin American environments, but less is known about the links between production/destruction and consumption in developing settings. In the western Amazon state of Acre, Brazil, increasing beef consumption is directly linked with local cattle production and environmental destruction, providing an opportunity to examine the relationships between these processes in a developing context. Interviews, participant-observation, and a standardized survey provide data on perceptions of beef and meat preferences, and how these relate to practices and patterns of consumption among a range of groups, from urban environmentalists to beef-loving cowboys. The results reveal how the hierarchical ordering of foods, with beef at the top, maps onto similar hierarchies of status and class, as well as notions of strength and nutrition. The analysis of beef consumption in a developing setting illustrates how beef is both a signifier of development and the symbolic and material fuel for a development process in which individuals, society, and the environment are transformed and improved. This study of local connections complements macro- and regional-level research on destruction and consumption linkages by offering insights on why consumers in a developing setting choose beef, and how the rubble and destruction of expanding Latin American agricultural frontiers is hidden, ignored, or written off in a discourse emphasizing the social and economic benefits of development. Keywords: Amazonia, beef, Brazil, cattle ranching, consumption, deforestation, development, food, meat

Patterns of Enterprise in São Paulo: Preliminary Analysis of a Late Nineteenth-Century City

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-312
Author(s):  
Gerald M. Greenfield
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
The Social ◽  
American Cities

Although the important roles and functions of Latin American cities have received recognition and discussion in historical writing, there exist few empirically grounded and detailed investigations of individual urban centers. Thus, reviewing the nature of historical research on Latin American urbanization, Sofer and Szuchman (1979: 113, 119) noted the dearth of quantitative investigations of the social dimensions of urban existence, as well as a reliance on aggregate data as opposed to such primary documentation as manuscript census returns, notarial records, and judicial assessments. They conclude that “historians have been reticent to explore the social data in primary documentation and join them with non-quantifiable sources of information in order to reach an existential understanding of the Latin American past.” Similarly, Socolow and Johnson (1981: 51) have pointed to the need for research concentrating on the “social, economic, and physical structure of individual cities and groups of cities.”

scholarly journals Introduction to the special issue “Contested urban territories: decolonized perspectives”

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Anke Schwarz ◽  
Monika Streule
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
American Association ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Production Of Space ◽  
Urban Theory ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Territories

Abstract. This paper serves as an introduction to the “Contested urban territories: decolonized perspectives” special issue. The idea for this issue emerged during our reflections on a socioterritorial perspective, preeminent in the current Latin American analysis of contemporary urban struggles (Schwarz and Streule, 2016). It aims to contribute to these ongoing debates about a specific understanding of urban territories from a postcolonial and decolonized perspective by combining contributions from two paper sessions we organized at the 2017 meeting of the American Association of Geographers in Boston with additional papers by scholars who could not participate in the conference. All seven contributions tackle the question of what a relational and dynamic conceptualization of territory may contribute to current debates in the urban studies field. Put more precisely, to which extent are socioterritorial approaches of value for a further decentering and pluralizing of urban theory? What is their significance to research on urban social movements? And, finally, how does such a socioterritorial perspective nurture and complement an analysis of the social production of space? The present special issue invites the reader to get familiar with new concepts and engage in a critical reflection on the conditions of knowledge production in urban geography and beyond.

scholarly journals Conpsumptionscapes: videogame stereotypes and Latin-American cities environments. Case: Uncharted 3: Drake’s Deception / Uncharted 4: The Thief End

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 003
Author(s):  
Claudio Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
American City ◽  
Commercial Space ◽  
Shopping Centres ◽  
Contemporary Life ◽  
Architectural Structures ◽  
American Cities ◽  
Selection Of

The consumption landscape refers to the context in which the daily basic needs of a society are determined. The small store in the neighborhood and the street market are architectural structures or urban spaces which shape the lives of cities as we know them today. Shopping centres are the evolution of these building formats and can characterize contemporary life. The exercise proposed by this article is to review the condition of the contexts of consumption in which the narrative of video games are developed through the study and selection of cases (Uncharted 3: Drake’s Deception / Uncharted 4: A Thief’s End). These demonstrate that the urban landscape with which our cities are represented appears as scenarios loaded with stereotypes. The emphasis of this research is on the representation of the historical Latin American city as a spatially modelled and stereotyped territory where the narrative is contextualized. This article does not focus on how the story develops within a commercial space but instead proposes a transversal idea that the consumption contexts are landscapes determined by cultural logics where the plot occurs. Consumption landscapes are the simultaneous spatial, cultural and historical constructions that give meaning to a narrative and represent an augmented reality of our cities: extensive, immersive and suggestive, but also perverse.

scholarly journals A Study of the Client Culture Influences on the Creation of Tailored Design Homes in New Communities Around Cairo

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Karim Kesseiba
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Life Patterns ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Traits ◽  
Tailored Design ◽  
The City

The design process of residential homes is one of the most dynamic ones, due to its strong interrelation with the life patterns, economical strategies, needs and cultural traits of the clients. This is relevant in the case of tailored design homes in the new suburbs around Cairo, where the client aims to fulfill several of his life goals and visions, in addition to the possible freedom of design creations which are not as much bounded to the limitations inside the city. Accordingly, the architect has to deal with twofold aspects, first is aiming to understand and react to the clients culture and second to produce accepted architectural values and qualities. Although both aspects appear to be intertwined, however, case studies reflected that in several aspects, the clients’ culture affects the production of the aspired design vision. Thus, the paper aims to discuss the dilemma through two case studies in one of the gated communities around Cairo, based on qualitative analysis of how the designer managed to mediate the design of tailored homes between the clients’ culture and the production of valued architectural quality. This study will be based on the brief and anonymous explanation of the social profile of the clients’ social background which acted as the motivator in the design process, based on interviews with architect who worked in the design development process.

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