scholarly journals Ventilator flow data predict bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely premature neonates

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 00099-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariann H. Bentsen ◽  
Trond Markestad ◽  
Thomas Halvorsen
Keyword(s):  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Flow Data ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Premature Neonates ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Compound Model ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Early prediction of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) may facilitate tailored management for neonates at risk. We investigated whether easily accessible flow data from a mechanical ventilator can predict BPD in neonates born extremely premature (EP).In a prospective population-based study of EP-born neonates, flow data were obtained from the ventilator during the first 48 h of life. Data were logged for >10 min and then converted to flow–volume loops using custom-made software. Tidal breathing parameters were calculated and averaged from ≥200 breath cycles, and data were compared between those who later developed moderate/severe and no/mild BPD.Of 33 neonates, 18 developed moderate/severe and 15 no/mild BPD. The groups did not differ in gestational age, surfactant treatment or ventilator settings. The infants who developed moderate/severe BPD had evidence of less airflow obstruction, significantly so for tidal expiratory flow at 50% of tidal expiratory volume (TEF50) expressed as a ratio of peak tidal expiratory flow (PTEF) (p=0.007). A compound model estimated by multiple logistic regression incorporating TEF50/PTEF, birthweight z-score and sex predicted moderate/severe BPD with good accuracy (area under the curve 0.893, 95% CI 0.735–0.973).This study suggests that flow data obtained from ventilators during the first hours of life may predict later BPD in premature neonates. Future and larger studies are needed to validate these findings and to determine their clinical usefulness.

Cortisol, life events and cognition in non-demented subjects: A population-based study

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S77-S78
Author(s):  
S. Ouanes ◽  
E. Castelao ◽  
A. Von Gunten ◽  
M. Preisig ◽  
J. Popp
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Competing Interest

BackgroundOlder people are particularly exposed to stressful events, known to activate the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Many studies highlighted the possible deleterious effects of elevated cortisol on cognition, assuming a likely role of stressful events. Yet, very few studies actually examined these assumed links between life events, cortisol and cognition.ObjectiveTo examine associations between salivary cortisol, cognition and life events in a population of non-demented old individuals.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from Colaus/PsyColaus, a longitudinal population-based study involving 6733 Lausanne residents. Salivary cortisol samples (upon waking, 30 minutes after waking, at 11 am and at 8 pm) were obtained from 799 non-demented participants aged at least 60.Life events, activities of daily life along with depressive symptoms were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. A comprehensive neuropsychological test battery was used to determine the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR).For multiple comparisons, P values were adjusted (P′) according to Holm-Bonferroni's method.ResultsCortisol at 11 am and cortisol area under the curve (AUC) were positively correlated with CDR sum of boxes (CDRSOB) scores (P′ = 0.035; Rho = 0.097 and P′ = 0.024; Rho = 0.110, respectively). The association between cortisol AUC and CDRSOB remained significant after controlling for age, sex, body mass index, education, smoking and depression (P = 0.001; β = 0.001; R2 change = 0.016).The number and the total impact of life events were associated neither with cortisol nor with CDRSOB.ConclusionsElevated cortisol was associated with poorer cognitive functioning yet independently of life events. This suggests that the increased cortisol associated with poorer cognition might be not a mere reflection of stressful events but rather explained by other factors, yet to be elucidated.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Preeclampsia and the Risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in VLBW Infants: A Population Based Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e75168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-An Yen ◽  
Hwai-I Yang ◽  
Wu-Shiun Hsieh ◽  
Hung-Chieh Chou ◽  
Chien-Yi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Vlbw Infants

scholarly journals Is kallikrein-8 a blood biomarker for detecting amnestic mild cognitive impairment? Results of the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Schramm ◽  
Martha Jokisch ◽  
Karl-Heinz Jöckel ◽  
Arne Herring ◽  
Kathy Keyvani
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Blood Biomarker ◽  
Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study ◽  
Potential Clinical Utility

Abstract Background Kallikrein-8 (KLK8) might be an early blood-biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We examined whether blood KLK8 is elevated in persons with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) which is a precursor of AD, compared to cognitively unimpaired (CU) controls. Methods Forty cases and 80 controls, matched by sex and age (± 3years), were participants of the longitudinal population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study (baseline: 2000–2003). Standardized cognitive performance was assessed 5 (T1) and 10 years after baseline (T2). Cases were CU at T1 and had incidental aMCI at T2. Controls were CU at T1 and T2. Blood KLK8 was measured at T2. Using multiple logistic regression the association between KLK8 in cases vs. controls was investigated by estimating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), adjusted for inter-assay variability and freezing duration. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the diagnostic accuracy of KLK8 was determined by estimating the area under the curve (AUC) and 95%CI (adjusted for inter-assay variability, freezing duration, age, sex). Results Thirty-seven participants with aMCI vs. 72 CU (36.7%women, 71.0±8.0 (mean±SD) years) had valid KLK8 measurements. Mean KLK8 was higher in cases than in controls (911.6±619.8 pg/ml vs.783.1±633.0 pg/ml). Fully adjusted, a KLK8 increase of 500pg/ml was associated with a 2.68 (1.05–6.84) higher chance of having aMCI compared to being CU. With an AUC of 0.92 (0.86–0.97), blood KLK8 was a strong discriminator for aMCI and CU. Conclusion This is the first population-based study to demonstrate the potential clinical utility of blood KLK8 as a biomarker for incipient AD.

scholarly journals Peak expiratory flow, walking speed and survival in older adults: An 18-year longitudinal population-based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 110941
Author(s):  
Caterina Trevisan ◽  
Debora Rizzuto ◽  
Giuseppe Sergi ◽  
Stefania Maggi ◽  
Anna-Karin Welmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Expiratory Flow

scholarly journals Detection of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Older People by Measuring Vitamin B12 or the Active Fraction of Vitamin B12, Holotranscobalamin

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 963-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Clarke ◽  
Paul Sherliker ◽  
Harold Hin ◽  
Ebba Nexo ◽  
Anne Mette Hvas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Older People ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Total Vitamin ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
B12 Deficiency

Abstract Background: Impaired vitamin B12 function and decreased vitamin B12 status have been associated with neurological and cognitive impairment. Current assays analyze total vitamin B12 concentration, only a small percentage of which is metabolically active. Concentrations of this active component, carried on holotranscobalamin (holoTC), may be of greater relevance than total vitamin B12. Methods: We compared the utility of serum holoTC with conventional vitamin B12 for detection of vitamin B12 deficiency in a population-based study of older people, using increased methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations as a marker of metabolic vitamin B12 deficiency in the overall population (n = 2403) and in subsets with normal (n = 1651) and abnormal (n = 752) renal function. Results: Among all participants, 6% had definite (MMA >0.75 μmol/L) and 16% had probable (MMA >0.45 μmol/L) metabolic vitamin B12 deficiency. In receiver operating characteristic curves for detection of definite vitamin B12 deficiency, holoTC had a greater area under the curve (AUC) compared with vitamin B12 in all participants (0.85 vs 0.76; P <0.001) and in subsets with normal (AUC: 0.87 vs 0.79; P <0.001) and abnormal (AUC: 0.85 vs 0.74; P = 0.002) renal function. Similar findings were observed for detection of moderate vitamin B12 deficiency. Whereas the positive predictive value for both holoTC and vitamin B12 was greater for detection of probable than definite vitamin B12 deficiency, both tests were associated with more false-positive than true-positive test results. Conclusions: HoloTC has a modestly superior diagnostic accuracy compared with conventional vitamin B12 for the detection of vitamin B12 deficiency, but neither test can be recommended to screen asymptomatic populations.

scholarly journals Population‐based study found that placental histology predicted adverse outcomes in extremely premature neonates in Norway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth B. Budal ◽  
Cathrine Ebbing ◽  
Jørg Kessler ◽  
Sukhjeet Bains ◽  
Olav H. Haugen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Premature Neonates
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