scholarly journals Changes of cerebral cortical structure and cognitive dysfunction in “healthy hemisphere” after stroke: a study about cortical complexity and sulcus patterns in bilateral ischemic adult moyamoya disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziqi Liu ◽  
Shihao He ◽  
Yanchang Wei ◽  
Ran Duan ◽  
Cai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
Adult Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Surface Based Morphometry

Abstract Background Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an uncommon cerebrovascular disease which leads to progressive stenosis and occlusion of the bilateral internal carotid artery and main intracerebral arteries. Concerns are always on how the hemisphere with infarction affects cognitive function, while little attention is paid to the role that the non-infarcted hemisphere plays. Therefore, we aimed to detect cortical indexes, especially cortical complexity in the left or right hemisphere separately in patients with MMD after stroke. Methods 28 patients with MMD (14 males, 14 females) and 14 healthy controls were included in this study. All participants underwent cognitive tests and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. The preprocessing of three-dimensional T1 weighted images were performed by standard surface-based morphometry. Surface-based morphometry statistical analysis was carried out with a threshold of False Discovery Rate (FDR) P < 0.05 and fractal dimension (FD) was used to provide a quantitative description of cerebral cortical complexity. Results Widespread cognitive dysfunctions were found in MMD patient with stroke. Extensive FD reduction in the left hemisphere with right-sided infarction, mainly in the superior temporal, inferior frontal, and insula, while the post central gyrus, superior parietal, and inferior parietal gyrus also showed a wide range of significant differences (FDR corrected P < 0.05). Meanwhile, FD changes in the right hemisphere with left-sided infarction are restricted to the precuneus and cingulate isthmus (FDR corrected P < 0.05). Conclusions Extensive cognitive impairment was reconfirmed in Moyamoya disease with stroke, while wild and asymmetrical decrease of cortical complexity is observed on both sides. These differences could be relative to unbalanced cognitive dysfunction, and may be the result of a long-term chronic ischemia and compensatory of the contralateral hemisphere to the infarction.

Looking Beyond the Surface of Adult Moyamoya Disease: Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Microstructural Changes and Cognitive Dysfunction

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Youssef J. Hamade ◽  
Rami James N. Aoun ◽  
Samer G. Zammar ◽  
Stacie E. DeMent ◽  
Naresh P. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Microstructural Changes ◽  
Adult Moyamoya Disease

Three-dimensional neglect phenomena following right anterior choroidal artery infarction

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADRIANA KORI ◽  
DAVID S. GELDMACHER
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Processing ◽  
Anterior Choroidal Artery ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Anterior Choroidal ◽  
True Center ◽  
The Right ◽  
Choroidal Artery

Neglect in the horizontal and vertical axes of space has been observed after acute right anterior choroidal artery (AChA) lesions. How spatial processing is affected in the radial axis during the acute period following infarction in this region is unknown. We report the case of a 69-year-old man with acute left hemineglect and deficits in 3-dimensional spatial processing following right AChA infarction. His line bisections in 4 spatial conditions, oriented in the 3 primary axes of space, were compared with 6 control participants. The patient's bisections were different from true center and from control performance in all axes. His bisections were to the right, below, and distal to the arithmetic midpoint. This patient's bisection errors show a 3-dimensional neglect pattern following right AChA infarction, supporting the view that processing of all 3 spatial dimensions may be simultaneously disturbed following unilateral right hemisphere lesions. (JINS, 1999, 5, 567–571.)

scholarly journals Age dependency and lateralization in the three branches of the human superior longitudinal fasciculus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoru Amemiya ◽  
Eiichi Naito ◽  
Hiromasa Takemura
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
White Matter Tract ◽  
Age Dependency ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Mri ◽  
Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
The Right ◽  
Parietal Cortices

AbstractThe superior longitudinal fascicle/fasciculus (SLF) is a major white matter tract connecting the frontal and parietal cortices in humans. Although the SLF has often been analyzed as a single entity, several studies have reported that the SLF is segregated into three distinct branches (SLF I, II, and III). They have also reported the right lateralization of the SLF III volume and discussed its relationship with lateralized cortical functions in the fronto-parietal network. However, to date, the homogeneity or heterogeneity of the age dependency and lateralization properties of SLF branches have not been fully clarified. Through this study, we aimed to clarify the age dependency and lateralization of SLF I-III by analyzing diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) and quantitative R1 (qR1) map datasets collected from a wide range of age groups, mostly comprising right-handed children, adolescents, adults, and seniors (6 to 81 years old). The age dependency in dMRI measurement (fractional anisotropy, FA) was heterogeneous among the three SLF branches, suggesting that these branches are regulated by distinct developmental and aging processes. Lateralization analysis on SLF branches revealed that the right SLF III was larger than the left SLF III in adults, replicating previous reports. FA measurement also suggested that, in addition to SLF III, SLF II was lateralized to the right hemisphere in adolescents and adults. We further found a left lateralization of SLF I in qR1 data, a microstructural measurement sensitive to myelin levels, in adults. These findings suggest that the SLF sub-bundles are distinct entities in terms of age dependency and lateralization.

scholarly journals Craniosynostosis: prenatal diagnosis by 2D/3D ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography.

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talita Micheletti Helfer ◽  
Alberto Borges Peixoto ◽  
Gabriele Tonni ◽  
Edward Araujo Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Craniosynostosis is defined as the process of premature fusion of one or more of the cranial sutures.  It is a common condition that occurs in about 1 to 2,000 live births. Craniosynostosis may be classified in primary or secondary. It is also classified as nonsyndromic or syndromic. According to suture commitment, craniosynostosis may affect a single suture or multiple sutures. There is a wide range of syndromes involving craniosynostosis and the most common are Apert, Pffeifer, Crouzon, Shaethre-Chotzen and Muenke syndromes. The underlying etiology of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis is unknown. Mutations in the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling pathway play a crucial role in the etiology of craniosynostosis syndromes. Prenatal ultrasound`s detection rate of craniosynostosis is low. Nowadays, different methods can be applied for prenatal diagnosis of craniosynostosis, such as two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) scan and, finally, molecular diagnosis. The presence of craniosynostosis may affect the birthing process. Fetuses with craniosynostosis also have higher rates of perinatal complications. In order to avoid the risks of untreated craniosynostosis, children are usually treated surgically soon after postnatal diagnosis.

scholarly journals Calculation of 3D Coordinates of a Point on the Basis of a Stereoscopic System

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
R.R. Mussabayev ◽  
M.N. Kalimoldayev ◽  
Ye.N. Amirgaliyev ◽  
A.T. Tairova ◽  
T.R. Mussabayev
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Material Point ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stereoscopic System ◽  
3D Scene ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Given

Abstract The solution of three-dimensional (3D) coordinate calculation task for a material point is considered. Two flat images (a stereopair) which correspond to the left and to the right viewpoints of a 3D scene are used for this purpose. The stereopair is obtained using two cameras with parallel optical axes. The analytical formulas for calculating 3D coordinates of a material point in the scene were obtained on the basis of analysis of the stereoscopic system optical and geometrical schemes. The detailed presentation of the algorithmic and hardware realization of the given method was discussed with the the practical. The practical module was recommended for the determination of the optical system unknown parameters. The series of experimental investigations were conducted for verification of theoretical results. During these experiments the minor inaccuracies were occurred by space distortions in the optical system and by it discrecity. While using the high quality stereoscopic system, the existing calculation inaccuracy enables to apply the given method for the wide range of practical tasks.

Emotions Are Rising: The Growing Field of Affect Neuropsychology

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 719-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skye McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Mirror Neurons ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Somatic Marker ◽  
Cortical Responses ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right

AbstractThirty years ago, the neuropsychology of emotion started to emerge as a mainstream topic. Careful examination of individual patients showed that emotion, like memory, language, and so on, could be differentially affected by brain disorders, especially in the right hemisphere. Since then, there has been accelerating interest in uncovering the neural architecture of emotion, and the major steps in this process of discovery over the past 3 decades are detailed in this review. In the 1990s, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans provided precise delineation of lesions in the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, insula and somatosensory cortex as underpinning emotion disorders. At the same time, functional MRI revealed activation that was bilateral and also lateralized according to task demands. In the 2000s, converging evidence suggested at least two routes to emotional responses: subcortical, automatic and autonomic responses and slower, cortical responses mediating cognitive processing. The discovery of mirror neurons in the 1990s reinvigorated older views that simulation was the means to recognize emotions and empathize with others. More recently, psychophysiological research, revisiting older Russian paradigms, has contributed new insights into how autonomic and other physiological indices contribute to decision making (the somatic marker theory), emotional simulation, and social cognition. Finally, this review considers the extent to which these seismic changes in understanding emotional processes in clinical disorders have been reflected in neuropsychological practice. (JINS, 2017, 23, 719–731)

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Imaging of Nitric Oxide Production in the Rat Brain Subjected to Ischemia—Hypoxia

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 899-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Periannan Kuppusamy ◽  
S. Tsuyoshi Ohnishi ◽  
Yoshihiro Numagami ◽  
Tomoko Ohnishi ◽  
Jay L. Zweier
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Three Dimensional Imaging ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Right ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic ◽  
The Brain

By the systemic administration of diethyldithiocarbamate and iron into the rat, nitric oxide radicals produced in the brain during ischemia–hypoxia were trapped. The right hemisphere of the brain was then removed and frozen with liquid nitrogen. With use of recently developed electron paramagnetic resonance imaging instrumentation and techniques, three-dimensional imaging of the production of the nitric oxide radicals in several brains was performed. The results suggest that nitric oxide radicals were produced and trapped in the areas that are known to have high nitric oxide synthase activity, such as cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and substantia nigra. In this ischemia–hypoxia model, which did not interrupt the posterior circulation, the production and trapping of nitric oxide in the cerebellum were ∼30% of those in the cerebrum.

scholarly journals Cortical folding in Broca's area relates to obstetric complications in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1329-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. K. Haukvik ◽  
M. Schaer ◽  
R. Nesvåg ◽  
T. McNeil ◽  
C. B. Hartberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Obstetric Complications ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Broca’S Area ◽  
Cortical Folding ◽  
Broca's Area ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Pars Triangularis ◽  
The Right

BackgroundThe increased occurrence of obstetric complications (OCs) in patients with schizophrenia suggests that alterations in neurodevelopment may be of importance to the aetiology of the illness. Abnormal cortical folding may reflect subtle deviation from normal neurodevelopment during the foetal or neonatal period. In the present study, we hypothesized that OCs would be related to cortical folding abnormalities in schizophrenia patients corresponding to areas where patients with schizophrenia display altered cortical folding when compared with healthy controls.MethodIn total, 54 schizophrenia patients and 54 healthy control subjects underwent clinical examination and magnetic resonance image scanning on a 1.5 T scanner. Information on OCs was collected from original birth records. An automated algorithm was used to calculate a three-dimensional local gyrification index (lGI) at numerous points across the cortical mantle.ResultsIn both schizophrenia patients and healthy controls, an increasing number of OCs was significantly related to lowerlGI in the left pars triangularis (p<0.0005) in Broca's area. For five other anatomical cortical parcellations in the left hemisphere, a similar trend was demonstrated. No significant relationships between OCs andlGI were found in the right hemisphere and there were no significant case–control differences inlGI.ConclusionsThe reduced cortical folding in the left pars triangularis, associated with OCs in both patients and control subjects suggests that the cortical effect of OCs is caused by factors shared by schizophrenia patients and healthy controls rather than factors related to schizophrenia alone.

scholarly journals Timely Identification of Pregnancy in Noncommunicating Horn of Unicornuate Uterus by Three-Dimensional Transvaginal Ultrasonography

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Aarti Deenadayal Tolani ◽  
Kadambari ◽  
Anupama Deenadayal ◽  
Suhasini Donthi ◽  
Indira Rani Yellenki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasonography ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Rudimentary Horn ◽  
Unicornuate Uterus ◽  
Uterine Anomalies ◽  
3D Tv ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right

Pregnancy in the rudimentary horn of a unicornuate uterus is uncommon and needs to be diagnosed at early stages to avoid uterine rupture to avert the high morbidity and mortality. In this case report, we discussed the advantage of three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography (3D TV-USG) in assessing the early pregnancy in the noncommunicating rudimentary horn of uterus. A 23-year-old woman approached us for routine pregnancy scan. The location of 5-week pregnancy was confirmed in the right noncommunicating horn of a unicornuate uterus by 3D TV-USG. She has undergone laparohysteroscopy, and excision of a gravid rudimentary horn was done. After an interval of 6 months, the patient received fertility treatment and conceived consequently. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent way of diagnosing uterine anomalies, the procedure is expensive, time-consuming, and not widely available. 3D USG is less expensive and more readily accessible for early diagnosis of uterine anomalies, particularly in health-care centers where MRI is not readily available or affordable.

scholarly journals Primary multiple cerebral hydatid disease in a young patient with surgically-treated intracerebral haemorrhage

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Anwar N. Hafedh ◽  
Awfa A. Aktham ◽  
Zahraa F. Al-Sharshahi ◽  
Ahmed Ibrahim Al-Jorani ◽  
Sama Albairamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
Intracerebral Haemorrhage ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Future Research ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right

Introduction:  Cerebral hydatid disease (CHD) is rare and the multiple-cystic variety is even rarer. In this paper, we report a case of multiple CHD and explore a possible link with a preceding spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH).   Case presentation: A 27-year old gentleman with a history of surgically-evacuated, spontaneous ICH presented with severe headache, left-sided weakness - Medical Research Council (MRC) grade II - and recurrent tonic-clonic seizures, while on a full dose of anti-epileptic medication. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans showed multiple intra-axial cystic lesions in the right hemisphere. The cysts were removed intact using Dowling’s technique through a large temporoparietal craniotomy. The surgery went uneventful and the patient recovered as expected. Post-operatively, a prophylactic course of albendazole (200 mg) was prescribed. On his one-year follow-up visit, the patient was symptom-free and his weakness had improved (left upper limb: MRC grade IV and full power of the left lower limb). The computed tomography (CT) scan showed no new findings.   Conclusion: Primary cerebral hydatid disease is rare and the multiple-cyst variety is even rare. In this case, a peculiar association with a surgically-treated ICH was explored with possible theories to suggest future research directions.

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