scholarly journals Differential proteomic analysis demonstrates follicle fluid participate immune reaction and protein translation in yak

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Pei ◽  
Rende Song ◽  
Pengjia Bao ◽  
Mancai Yin ◽  
Jiye Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Response ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Dna Conformation ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Conformation Change ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Differential Proteomics

Abstract Background Ovarian follicle fluid (FF) as a microenvironment surrounding oocyte plays critical roles in physio-biochemical processes of follicle development and oocyte maturation. It is hypothesized that proteins in yak FF participate in the physio-biochemical pathways. The primary aims of this study were to find differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between mature and immature FF, and to elucidating functions of the mature and immature FF in yak. Results The mature and immature FF samples were obtained from three healthy yaks that were nonpregnant, aged from four to five years, and free from any anatomical reproductive disorders. The FF samples were subjected to mass spectrometry with the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). The FF samples went through correlation analysis, principle component analysis, and expression pattern analysis based on quantification of the identified proteins. Four hundred sixty-three DEPs between mature and immature FF were identified. The DEPs between the mature and immature FF samples underwent gene ontology (GO), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. The DEPs highly expressed in the mature FF mainly took parts in the complement and coagulation cascades, defense response, acute-phase response, response to other organism pathways to avoid invasion of exogenous microorganisms. The complement activation pathway contains eight DEPs, namely C2, C5, C6, C7, C9, C4BPA, CFH, and MBL2. The three DEPs, CATHL4, CHGA, and PGLYRP1, take parts in defense response pathway to prevent invasion of exogenetic microorganism. The coagulation cascades pathway involves many coagulation factors, such as F7, F13A1, FGA, FGB, FGG, KLKB1, KNG1, MASP1, SERPINA1, and SERPIND1. While the DEPs highly expressed in the immature FF participated in protein translation, peptide biosynthetic process, DNA conformation change, and DNA geometric change pathways to facilitate follicle development. The translation pathway contains many ribosomal proteins, such as RPL3, RPL5, RPS3, RPS6, and other translation factors, such as EIF3J, EIF4G2, ETF1, MOV10, and NARS. The DNA conformation change and DNA geometric change involve nine DEPs, DDX1, G3BP1, HMGB1, HMGB2, HMGB3, MCM3, MCM5, MCM6, and RUVBL2. Furthermore, the expressed levels of the main DEPs, C2 and SERPIND1, were confirmed by western blot. Conclusions The differential proteomics revealed the up-regulated DEPs in mature FF take parts in immunoreaction to prevent invasion of microorganisms and the up-regulated DEPs in immature FF participate in protein synthesis, which may improve our knowledge of the follicular microenvironment and its biological roles for reproductive processes in yak. The DEPs, C2 and SERPIND1, can be considered as protein markers for mature yak follicle.

scholarly journals The transcription factor SlHY5 regulates the ripening of tomato fruit at both the transcriptional and translational levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihao Wang ◽  
Peiwen Wang ◽  
Xiaojing Li ◽  
Yuying Wang ◽  
Shiping Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Translation Efficiency

AbstractLight plays a critical role in plant growth and development, but the mechanisms through which light regulates fruit ripening and nutritional quality in horticultural crops remain largely unknown. Here, we found that ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), a master regulator in the light signaling pathway, is required for normal fruit ripening in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Loss of function of tomato HY5 (SlHY5) impairs pigment accumulation and ethylene biosynthesis. Transcriptome profiling identified 2948 differentially expressed genes, which included 1424 downregulated and 1524 upregulated genes, in the Slhy5 mutants. In addition, genes involved in carotenoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis and ethylene signaling were revealed as direct targets of SlHY5 by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Surprisingly, the expression of a large proportion of genes encoding ribosomal proteins was downregulated in the Slhy5 mutants, and this downregulation pattern was accompanied by a decrease in the abundance of ribosomal proteins. Further analysis demonstrated that SlHY5 affected the translation efficiency of numerous ripening-related genes. These data indicate that SlHY5 regulates fruit ripening both at the transcriptional level by targeting specific molecular pathways and at the translational level by affecting the protein translation machinery. Our findings unravel the regulatory mechanisms of SlHY5 in controlling fruit ripening and nutritional quality and uncover the multifaceted regulation of gene expression by transcription factors.

scholarly journals Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of Small Molecule Treated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using Chemical Probes

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Jerran Santos ◽  
Sibasish Dolai ◽  
Matthew B. O’Rourke ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
Matthew P. Padula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Proteomic Profiling ◽  
Depth Analysis

The differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells toward a neural phenotype by small molecules has been a vogue topic in the last decade. The characterization of the produced cells has been explored on a broad scale, examining morphological and specific surface protein markers; however, the lack of insight into the expression of functional proteins and their interactive partners is required to further understand the extent of the process. The phenotypic characterization by proteomic profiling allows for a substantial in-depth analysis of the molecular machinery induced and directing the cellular changes through the process. Herein we describe the temporal analysis and quantitative profiling of neural differentiating human adipose-derived stem cells after sub-proteome enrichment using a bisindolylmaleimide chemical probe. The results show that proteins enriched by the Bis-probe were identified reproducibly with 133, 118, 126 and 89 proteins identified at timepoints 0, 1, 6 and 12, respectively. Each temporal timepoint presented several shared and unique proteins relative to neural differentiation and their interactivity. The major protein classes enriched and quantified were enzymes, structural and ribosomal proteins that are integral to differentiation pathways. There were 42 uniquely identified enzymes identified in the cells, many acting as hubs in the networks with several interactions across the network modulating key biological pathways. From the cohort, it was found by gene ontology analysis that 18 enzymes had direct involvement with neurogenic differentiation.

Changes in ovarian follicle composition with plasma levels of snakes during estrus

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert C. Dessauer ◽  
Wade Fox
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Plasma Calcium ◽  
Yolk Protein ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Early Cleavage ◽  
Liver Changes

The first stage of follicle development was due chiefly to hydration; during the second (deutoplasmic) stage 60 mg of solid were taken up with each 100 mg increase in follicle weight. Plasma calcium and protein P rose near end of hydration stage, remained elevated during deutoplasmic stage, reached extreme levels (max. Ca = 90 mm/l.; protein P = 86 mm/l.) near ovulation, and generally fell to anestrous levels while eggs were in early cleavage. Calcium increased in proportion to protein bound P of both plasma and follicles. During deutoplasmic stage a phospho-lipoprotein, of similar gross composition to yolk protein, appeared in plasma. Liver weight increased during hydration stage, remained elevated throughout deutoplasmic stage and decreased near ovulation. Fat body weight increased with onset of estrus, reached maximum during hydration stage and progressively decreased during deutoplasmic stage. Plasma and liver changes characteristic of estrus were reproduced in fasted male snakes with estradiol injections.

Morphogenesis of the silkworm egg

Development ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
J. M. Legay
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Ovarian Follicle Development ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Form Stability

Ovarian follicle development, which accompanies morphogenesis of the silkworm egg has three distinct phases: spheric, ellipsoidal and flattened-ellipsoid. Transitions between phases are rapid and form-stability (characterized by length/width ratio) is preserved from the beginning of the ellipsoidal phase. The geometric stability of the follicle-oocyte-ovariole system, the polarity of the egg and the determinism in form changes reveal strikingly coordinated spatial and temporal organization.

scholarly journals An epigenetic switch repressingTet1in gonadotropes activates the reproductive axis

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (38) ◽  
pp. 10131-10136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahav Yosefzon ◽  
Cfir David ◽  
Anna Tsukerman ◽  
Lilach Pnueli ◽  
Sen Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Epigenetic Switch ◽  
Ovarian Follicle Development ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Tet Enzymes

The TET enzymes catalyze conversion of 5-methyl cytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine (5hmC) and play important roles during development. TET1 has been particularly well-studied in pluripotent stem cells, butTet1-KO mice are viable, and the most marked defect is abnormal ovarian follicle development, resulting in impaired fertility. We hypothesized that TET1 might play a role in the central control of reproduction by regulating expression of the gonadotropin hormones, which are responsible for follicle development and maturation and ovarian function. We find that all three TET enzymes are expressed in gonadotrope-precursor cells, butTet1mRNA levels decrease markedly with completion of cell differentiation, corresponding with an increase in expression of the luteinizing hormone gene,Lhb. We demonstrate that poorly differentiated gonadotropes express a TET1 isoform lacking the N-terminal CXXC-domain, which repressesLhbgene expression directly and does not catalyze 5hmC at the gene promoter. We show that this isoform is also expressed in other differentiated tissues, and that it is regulated by an alternative promoter whose activity is repressed by the liganded estrogen and androgen receptors, and by the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone through activation of PKA. Its expression is also regulated by DNA methylation, including at an upstream enhancer that is protected by TET2, to allowTet1expression. The down-regulation of TET1 relieves its repression of the methylatedLhbgene promoter, which is then hydroxymethylated and activated by TET2 for full reproductive competence.

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