scholarly journals Dietary intakes and biomarker patterns of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 can be associated with cognitive impairment by hypermethylation of redox-related genes NUDT15 and TXNRD1

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu An ◽  
Lingli Feng ◽  
Xiaona Zhang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yushan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
Oxidative Biomarkers

Abstract Background B vitamins in the one-carbon metabolism pathway (folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12) have been implicated in DNA methylation, and their deficiency may contribute to cognitive decline through increased homocysteine (Hcy) levels and subsequent oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to investigate whether B vitamin deficiency and increased Hcy could interact with DNA methylation of oxidative-related genes and exacerbate cognitive impairment. Methods Participants were selected from a large cohort study entitled the Effects and Mechanism Investigation of Cholesterol and Oxysterol on Alzheimer’s disease (EMCOA) study. We included 2533 participants who completed a selection of comprehensive cognitive tests and a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and were followed for an average of 2.3 years. The longitudinal effects of B vitamin intake on cognitive decline were examined using linear mixed-effect models. Seven mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, in the predementia stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and fivev healthy controls were selected for the discovery of genome-wide differentially methylated CpG sites. Candidate oxidative stress-related genes significantly correlated with serum levels of B vitamins were selected for validation in 102 MCI patients and 68 controls. The correlations between DNA methylation levels and serum concentrations of B vitamins and oxidative biomarkers were analyzed with Spearman’s correlation. The interactive effects of DNA methylation and B vitamins on cognitive performance were further evaluated by multiple linear regression. Results In the prospective analysis, inadequate dietary intake of vitamin B12 was significantly associated with accelerated cognitive decline, whereas adequate folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 intakes were significantly associated with better cognitive reserve. In the case-control analysis, the DNA methylation levels of NUDT15 and TXNRD1 were examined, and significantly hypermethylated sites were identified in MCI patients. Significant correlations of hypermethylated sites with serum levels of folate, homocysteine (Hcy), and oxidative biomarkers were observed, and interactive effects of B vitamins and hypermethylated sites were significantly associated with cognitive performance. Conclusion Adequate dietary folate at baseline predicted a better cognitive reserve, while decreased serum levels of B vitamins may contribute to cognitive impairment by affecting methylation levels of specific redox-related genes. Trial registration EMCOA, ChiCTR-OOC-17011882, Registered 5th, July 2017-Retrospectively registered, http://www.medresman.org/uc/project/projectedit.aspx?proj=2610 Graphical Abstract

Abstract 173: Effect Of B-Vitamins On Cognition In Patients With Prior Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme J Hankey ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
High Serum ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Stroke Event ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference

High serum total homocysteine (tHcy) and stroke are associated with increased risks of cognitive decline and cognitive impairment. This study aimed to determine whether B-vitamin treatment would reduce the risk of cognitive decline and cognitive impairment among individuals with recent stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) of the brain. Methods: 8,164 patients with recent stroke or TIA (< 7 months) were randomly allocated to double-blind treatment with one tablet daily of placebo or B-vitamins (folic acid 2 mg, vitamin B 6 25 mg, vitamin B 12 500 μg) and followed for a median of 3.4 years for the occurrence of stroke, myocardial infarction or death due to vascular causes in the VITAmins TO Prevent Stroke (VITATOPS) trial. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was undertaken at least 6 months after the qualifying stroke (baseline) and every 6 months thereafter for the duration of follow-up. The primary outcome for this pre-specified secondary analysis was the composite of a decline of 3 or more points in the MMSE score compared with the baseline score at > 6 months after the qualifying stroke (cognitive decline) or a new MMSE score < 24 (cognitive impairment). Results: Among the 2214 participants who undertook the MMSE at least 6 months after the qualifying stroke event, and who were not cognitively impaired (MMSE > 24), and who underwent repeat MMSE assessments over a median of 2.8 years, there was no significant difference in the incidence of cognitive decline or cognitive impairment among participants assigned B-vitamins compared with placebo (24.6% vs 21.7%; risk ratio [RR]: 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97 to 1.32 ; p=0.1113) and no difference in cognitive decline alone (22.7% vs 20.7%; RR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.94 to 1.19; p=0.2417). These results were consistent among clinical subgroups. From baseline (at 6 months post-stroke), the MMSE score decreased by a mean of 0.22 (SD 1.82) among participants assigned B-vitamins vs 0.25 (SD 2.08) among participants assigned placebo (p=0.7258). Conclusion: Daily administration of folic acid, vitamin B 6 and vitamin B 12 to non-demented patients with previous stroke or TIA for a median of 2.8 years had no significant effect, compared with placebo, on the rate of cognitive decline or incidence of cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Cognitive reserve in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): a population-based longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
pp. jnnp-2020-324992
Author(s):  
Emmet Costello ◽  
James Rooney ◽  
Marta Pinto-Grau ◽  
Tom Burke ◽  
Marwa Elamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

BackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is often associated with cognitive and/or behavioural impairment. Cognitive reserve (CR) may play a protective role in offsetting cognitive impairment. This study examined the relationship between CR and longitudinal change in cognition in an Irish ALS cohort.MethodsLongitudinal neuropsychological assessment was carried out on 189 patients over 16 months using the Edinburgh cognitive and behavioural ALS screen (ECAS) and an additional battery of neuropsychological tests. CR was measured by combining education, occupation and physical activity data. Joint longitudinal and time-to-event models were fitted to investigate the associations between CR, performance at baseline and decline over time while controlling for non-random drop-out.ResultsCR was a significant predictor of baseline neuropsychological performance, with high CR patients performing better than those with medium or low CR. Better cognitive performance in high CR individuals was maintained longitudinally for ECAS, social cognition, executive functioning and confrontational naming. Patients displayed little cognitive decline over the course of the study, despite controlling for non-random drop-out.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that CR plays a role in the presentation of cognitive impairment at diagnosis but is not protective against cognitive decline. However, further research is needed to examine the interaction between CR and other objective correlates of cognitive impairment in ALS.

Thiamine (Vitamin B1)

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviva Fattal-Valevski
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Korsakoff Syndrome ◽  
Reducing Substances ◽  
B Vitamin

Thiamine (vitamin B1) was the first B vitamin to have been identified. It serves as a cofactor for several enzymes involved in energy metabolism. The thiamine-dependent enzymes are important for the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and for the production of reducing substances used in oxidant stress defenses, as well as for the synthesis of pentoses used as nucleic acid precursors. Thiamine plays a central role in cerebral metabolism. Its deficiency results in dry beriberi, a peripheral neuropathy, wet beriberi, a cardiomyopathy with edema and lactic acidosis, and Wernicke—Korsakoff syndrome, whose manifestations consist of nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia evolving into confusion, retrograde amnesia, cognitive impairment, and confabulation. Patients on a strict thiamine-deficient diet display a state of severe depletion within 18 days. The most common cause of thiamine deficiency in affluent countries is either alcoholism or malnutrition in nonalcoholic patients. Treatment by thiamine supplementation is beneficial for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

BDNF serum levels are not related to cognitive functioning in older depressed patients and controls

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemiek Dols ◽  
Carisha S. Thesing ◽  
Filip Bouckaert ◽  
Richard C. Oude Voshaar ◽  
Hannie C. Comijs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Serum Bdnf ◽  
Low Serum

ABSTRACTBackground:Depression and cognitive decline are highly prevalent in older persons and both are associated with low serum brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Mutual pathways of depression and cognitive decline in older persons may explain the overlap in symptoms and low serum BDNF. We hypothesized that serum BDNF levels are lower in depressed elderly with poor cognitive performance (global or specifically in working memory, speed of information processing, and episodic memory) compared to depressed elderly without cognitive impairment or non-depressed controls.Methods:BDNF Serum levels and cognitive functioning were examined in 378 depressed persons and 132 non-depressed controls from a large prospective study on late-life depression. The association between BDNF levels and each cognitive domain among the depressed patients was tested by four separate linear regression models adjusted for relevant covariates. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to compare BDNF serum levels in three groups (depression with cognitive impairment, depression without cognitive impairment, and non-depressed controls), when adjusted for potential confounders.Results:No significant linear association was found between BDNF and any of the four cognitive domains tested. There are no differences in BDNF levels between controls and depressed patients with or without cognitive impairment global or in specific domains after controlling for confounders.Conclusions:BDNF serum levels in this cohort of older depressed patients and controls are not related to cognitive functioning. As BDNF is essential for the survival and functioning of neurons, its levels may remain normal in stages of disease where remission is achievable.

Effects of the forage to concentrate ratio on B-vitamin concentrations in different ruminal fractions of dairy cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Santschi ◽  
J. Chiquette ◽  
R. Berthiaume ◽  
R. Martineau ◽  
J. J. Matte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Liquid Portion ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Surrounding Fluid

Two studies were undertaken to verify the effect of the forage to concentrate ratio of the diet on B-vitamin concentrations in ruminal contents. In Study 1, eight primiparous and eight multiparous cows were used in a cross-over design, and concentrations of biotin, folates and vitamin B12 were determined in ruminal fluid and plasma of cows fed a high-forage (HF; 58:42 forage to concentrate ratio; DM basis) or a low-forage (LF; 37:63 forage to concentrate ratio; DM basis) diet. In Study 2, six ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a cross-over design to evaluate the effects of forage to concentrate ratio (HF = 60:40; LF = 40:60; DM basis) on concentrations of seven B-vitamins in the particle-free fluid and in both liquid- and solid-associated bacteria. Results showed that B-vitamins were present mainly in the bacterial fractions of the ruminal content, while only limited amounts were found in the surrounding fluid. A change in the forage to concentrate ratio had a greater effect on vitamin concentration in the bacteria associated with the solid fraction than in those present in the liquid portion of the rumen. The most noticeable effects of a low forage diet were an increase in riboflavin, but a decrease in true vitamin B12 concentrations in solid-associated bacteria as well as a decrease in biotin concentration in particle-free fluid. In conclusion, it appears that ruminal B-vitamin concentration is altered by changes in the forage to concentrate ratio, which suggests that the supply of vitamins to dairy cows is influenced by diet composition. Key words: B-vitamins, dairy cow, ruminal fractions, forage to concentrate ratio

scholarly journals Folate and vitamin B12concentrations are associated with plasma DHA and EPA fatty acids in European adolescents: the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Iglesia ◽  
I. Huybrechts ◽  
M. González-Gross ◽  
T. Mouratidou ◽  
J. Santabárbara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Total Homocysteine ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
Helena Study

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the association between vitamin B6, folate and vitamin B12biomarkers and plasma fatty acids in European adolescents. A subsample from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study with valid data on B-vitamins and fatty acid blood parameters, and all the other covariates used in the analyses such as BMI, Diet Quality Index, education of the mother and physical activity assessed by a questionnaire, was selected resulting in 674 cases (43 % males). B-vitamin biomarkers were measured by chromatography and immunoassay and fatty acids by enzymatic analyses. Linear mixed models elucidated the association between B-vitamins and fatty acid blood parameters (changes in fatty acid profiles according to change in 10 units of vitamin B biomarkers). DHA, EPA) andn-3 fatty acids showed positive associations with B-vitamin biomarkers, mainly with those corresponding to folate and vitamin B12. Contrarily, negative associations were found withn-6:n-3 ratio,trans-fatty acids and oleic:stearic ratio. With total homocysteine (tHcy), all the associations found with these parameters were opposite (for instance, an increase of 10 nmol/l in red blood cell folate or holotranscobalamin in females produces an increase of 15·85 µmol/l of EPA (Pvalue <0·01), whereas an increase of 10 nmol/l of tHcy in males produces a decrease of 2·06 µmol/l of DHA (Pvalue <0·05). Positive associations between B-vitamins and specific fatty acids might suggest underlying mechanisms between B-vitamins and CVD and it is worth the attention of public health policies.

scholarly journals The preventive efficacy of vitamin B supplement on the cognitive decline of elderly adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shufeng Li ◽  
Yuchen Guo ◽  
Jie Men ◽  
Hanlin Fu ◽  
Ting Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Preventive Medication ◽  
Preventive Efficacy

Abstract Background: The irreversibility of cognitive impairment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) prompts that preventing or delaying the onset of AD should be a public health priority. Vitamin B supplement can lower the serum homocysteine (Hcy) level, but whether it can prevent cognitive decline or not remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the preventive efficacy of vitamin B supplement on the cognitive decline of elderly adults.Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, PsycINFO from inception to December 1, 2019, and then updated the retrieved results on June 1, 2020. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which evaluated the efficacy of vitamin B in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients or elderly adults without cognitive impairment were selected. Standardized mean difference (SMD) or mean difference (MD) as well as their 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by performing random effects models or fixed effects models.Results: A total of 21 RCTs involving 7571 participants were included for meta-analysis. The forest plots showed that there is significant effect in global cognitive function (15 RCTs, SMD: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.54, P < 0.01) and Hcy (11 RCTs, MD: -4.59; 95%CI: -5.51 to -3.67, P < 0.01), but there is no effect in information processing speed (10 RCTs, SMD: 0.06; 95% CI: -0.12 to 0.25, P = 0.49), episodic memory (15 RCTs, SMD: 0.10; 95% CI: -0.04 to 0.25, P = 0.16), executive function (11 RCTs, SMD: -0.21; 95% CI: -0.49 to 0.06, P = 0.13). The value of effect size and heterogeneity did not vary apparently when excluding the low-quality studies, so we could believe that the results of meta-analysis were robust.Conclusions: Vitamin B supplement might delay or maintain the cognitive decline of elderly adults. We can recommend that the vitamin B supplement should be considered as a preventive medication to MCI patients or elderly adults without cognitive impairment. More well-designed RCTs with large sample sizes were required to clarify the preventive efficacy in the future.

scholarly journals A randomized placebo-controlled trial of using B vitamins to prevent cognitive decline in older mild cognitive impairment patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 2399-2405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Kwok ◽  
Yuanyuan Wu ◽  
Jenny Lee ◽  
Ruby Lee ◽  
Cho Yiu Yung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
B Vitamins
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