The Development of a Special Purpose Drink Based on Nut Raw Materials

To support health, efficiency and active longevity, a person needs to provide the body with the micronutrients necessary for metabolic processes. They must consume food in quantities that correspond to the physiological needs of the individual. Analyses of consumer demand have found that the human diet throughout life often includes dairy products.However, whole milk is often poorly tolerated by both the elderly and people with lactose intolerance (hypolactasia).This article examined the selection of alternative energy sources, focusing on the example of a drink that uses plant raw materials.Thus, the recipe of a new fermented drink based on nut raw materials was developed. The optimization of the hydromodule for the drink preparation from peanuts and hazelnuts, according to the content of the main food components and organoleptic quality indicators, was carried out. The chemical composition of the developed drink was established, a portion of which met 20% of the daily recommended value of vitamin B1, 16.8% of the daily value of niacin, and 15% and 19% of the daily value of iron and magnesium, respectively. The possibility of producing a fermented drink with nut raw materials as a complete replacement of cow’s milk was therefore shown to be justified. Keywords: specialized food, probiotic, vegetable raw materials, fermented drink, nuts

Dietary Quality of Women of Reproductive Age in Low-Income Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kyrgyzstan

Dietary diversity and adequate nutrient intake are essential for conducting a healthy life. However, women in low-income settings often face difficulties in ensuring dietary quality. This research assessed relationships between the dietary diversity, nutrient adequacy, and socio-economic factors among women of reproductive age (WRA) in Kyrgyzstan. A cross-sectional study was undertaken in four locations, including two rural and two urban areas in the north and south of Kyrgyzstan. A survey with pre-coded and open-ended questions was employed during the interviews of 423 WRAs aged 18–49. Data collection was conducted in March–May 2021. The average value body mass index (BMI) of WRA was 24.2 ± 4.6 kg/m2. The dietary diversity score (DDS) was higher among rural women (common language effect size) cles = 0.67, adjusted p < 0.001) in the northern region (cles = 0.61, p < 0.05) who have cropland (cles = 0.60, p < 0.001) and a farm animal (cles = 0.60, p < 0.05). Mean nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) was below 1 in most micronutrients, whereas thiamine, riboflavin, vitamins B6 and C, folic acid, calcium, and magnesium were even lower than 0.5. Women with a kitchen garden or a cropland had better NAR energy (cles = 0.57), NAR carbohydrate (cles = 0.60), NAR fiber (cles = 0.60), NAR vitamin B1 (cles = 0.53), and NAR folic acid (cles = 0.54). Respondents who receive remittances and a farm animal have better NARs for energy, carbohydrates, fiber, vitamin B1, folic acid, iron, zinc, and mean adequacy ratio for 16 nutrients (MAR 16) than those who do not. Education and income have a negative correlation with dietary quality. This study contributes to the limited literature on the quality of diets in Kyrgyzstan. Hidden hunger and undernutrition are a severe problem among WRA in low-income settings. Recommendations are including study programs in nutrition, teaching households farming practices, and raising awareness on adequate nutrition.

Electroredox Carbene Organocatalysis with iodine cocatalyst

Oxidative carbene organocatalysis, inspired from Vitamin B1 catalyzed oxidative activation from pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A, have been developed as a versatile synthetic method. To date, the α-, β-, γ-, δ- and carbonyl carbons of (unsaturated)aldehydes have been successfully activated via oxidative N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis. In comparison with chemical redox or photoredox methods, electroredox methods, although widely used in mechanistic study, were much less studied in NHC catalyzed organic synthesis. Herein, an electroredox NHC organocatalysis system with iodine cocatalyst was developed. With the help of non-uniform distribution of electrolysis system, NHC and iodine, which was normally not compatible in chemical reaction, cooperated well in the electrochemical system. This cocatalyst system provided general solutions for electrochemical single-electron-transfer (SET) oxidation of Breslow intermediate towards versatile transformations. Radical clock experiment and cyclic voltammetry results suggested an anodic radical coupling pathway.

Pengaruh Pupuk Organik terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kale (Brassica oleracea acephala) Sistem Vertikultur

Tanaman kale merupakan tanaman suku Brassicaceae atau kubis-kubisan yang kaya vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin C. Kale juga mengandung senyawa isotiosianat yang memiliki aktivitas antikanker. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Respati Indonesia pada bulan Februari sampai dengan Agustus 2021. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan satu faktor yaitu jenis pupuk organik terdiri dari empat perlakuan yaitu pupuk NPK, kulit bawang merah, kotoran kelinci, kotoran burung. Setiap perlakuan diulang lima ulangan, sehingga diperoleh 20 unit percobaan. Variabel penelitian meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, berat akar, panjang akar, diameter batang, dan berat basah tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk organik berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, berat akar dan dan berat tanaman kale. Pupuk organik kotoran burung menghasilkan tinggi tanaman tertinggi yaitu 25,50 cm tetapi berbeda tidak nyata dengan kotoran kelinci. Berat akar dan berat basah tanaman kale tertinggi dihasilkan perlakuan kotoran kelinci masing-masing yaitu 2,28 gram dan 30,37 gram serta berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan lainnya. Kata Kunci: Pupuk Organik, Kulit Bawang Merah, Kotoran Kelinci, Kotoran Burung, Tanaman Kale, Sistem Vertikultur