scholarly journals Association between infection with Campylobacter species, poor oral health and environmental risk factors on esophageal cancer: a hospital-based case–control study in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arisara Poosari ◽  
Thitima Nutravong ◽  
Prakasit Sa-ngiamwibool ◽  
Wises Namwat ◽  
Supaporn Chatrchaiwiwatana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
History Of Cancer

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown the association between Campylobacter species infection and that environmental factors, poor oral hygiene in particular, are linked to an increased risk of esophageal cancer (EC). However, no study has reported on these factors in Thailand. Thus, this study’s objective was to evaluate the impact of the relationship between Campylobacter infection and environmental factors on EC incidence in the population of Thailand. Methods Data from a case–control study were collected from 105 newly diagnosed EC cases and 105 controls recruited from 2007 to 2017. Infection with Campylobacter spp. was detected in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue of EC taken from gastroesophageal biopsy specimens obtained from the participants, and evaluated using TaqMan® real-time PCR. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and perform data analysis. Results Smoking, alcohol use, a family history of cancer, history of gastroesophageal reflux disease, poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter spp. infection were shown to be significant risk factors for EC (p  <  0.05). The combination of poor oral hygiene and infection with Campylobacter spp. constituted significant risk for EC (p  <  0.001). In addition, the risk of EC in subjects co-infected with C. rectus and C. concisus that practiced poor oral hygiene was even higher and was significant (ORadj  =  4.7; 95% CI 2.41–9.98; p  =  0.003). Conclusions In Thailand, the major risk factors for EC are smoking status, alcohol drinking, family history of cancer, GERD, poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter spp. infection. This study found Campylobacter spp. prevalence to be associated with EC and appears to be enhanced by poor oral hygiene, suggesting that a combination of poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter species infection may together act as an important etiological risk factor for EC.

scholarly journals Association Between Infection With Campylobacter Species and the Risk of Esophageal Cancer: A Hospital-Based Case–Control Study in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arisara Poosari ◽  
Thitima Nutravong ◽  
Prakasit Sa-ngiamwibool ◽  
Wises Namwat ◽  
Supaporn Chatrchaiwiwatana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Campylobacter Species ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown the association between Campylobacter species infection and environmental factors, poor oral hygiene in particular, is linked to an increased risk of esophageal cancer (EC). However, no study has reported on these factors in Thai. Thus, this study objective was to evaluate the impact of the relationship between Campylobacter infection and environmental factors on EC incidence in the population Thailand. Methods Data from a case–control study were collected from 105 newly diagnosed EC cases and 105 controls recruited from 2007 to 2017. Infection with Campylobacter spp. was detected in the Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue of EC taken from gastroesophageal biopsy specimens obtained from the participants and evaluated using a TaqMan® real-time PCR. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and perform data analysis. Results Smoking, alcohol use, a family history of cancer, history of gastroesophageal reflux disease, poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter spp. infection were shown to be significant risk factors for EC (p < 0.05). The combination of poor oral hygiene and infection with Campylobacter spp. constituted significant risk for EC (p < 0.001). In addition, the risk of EC in subjects co-infected with C. rectus and C. concisus practiced poor oral hygiene was even higher and was significant (ORadj = 4.7, 95%CI: 2.41–9.98, p = 0.003). Conclusions In Thailand, poor oral hygiene and infection with Campylobacter spp. was associated with an increased risk of EC.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with the recent cholera outbreak in Yemen: a case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e2019015
Author(s):  
Fekri Dureab ◽  
Albrecht Jahn ◽  
Johannes Krisam ◽  
Asma Dureab ◽  
Omer Zain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

OBJECTIVES: The cholera outbreak in Yemen has become the largest in the recent history of cholera records, having reached more than 1.4 million cases since it started in late 2016. This study aimed to identify risk factors for cholera in this outbreak.METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in Aden in 2018 to investigate risk factors for cholera in this still-ongoing outbreak. In total, 59 cholera cases and 118 community controls were studied.RESULTS: The following risk factors were associated with being a cholera case in the bivariate analysis: a history of travelling and having had visitors from outside Aden Province; eating outside the house; not washing fruit, vegetables, and khat (a local herbal stimulant) before consumption; using common-source water; and not using chlorine or soap in the household. In the multivariate analysis, not washing khat and the use of common-source water remained significant risk factors for being a cholera case.CONCLUSIONS: Behavioural factors and unsafe water appear to be the major risk factors in the recent cholera outbreak in Yemen. In order to reduce the risk of cholera, hygiene practices for washing khat and vegetables and the use and accessibility of safe drinking water should be promoted at the community level.

scholarly journals Nutritional and environmental risk factors for breast cancer: a case-control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 28723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Azevedo Queiroz ◽  
Iasmin Matias de Sousa ◽  
Fernanda Rafaella de Melo Silva ◽  
Clelia de Oliveira Lyra ◽  
Ana Paula Trussardi Fayh
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
History Of Cancer ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

AIMS: To investigate the associations between breast cancer diagnosis and nutritional and environmental factors in women from Northeast Brazil.METHODS: A case-control study included women evaluated in two hospitals specialized in cancer treatment. The case group was composed by women with breast cancer whose data were obtained during the hospitalization period for surgical treatment of the disease. The control group was selected in the same hospitals excluding the oncology ward. The following risk factors were investigated: household environmental sanitation, breastfeeding history, social class, smoking exposition, alcohol consumption and family history of cancer. A food frequency questionnaire was completed by the subjects and an evaluation of anthropometric nutritional status was made. Comparison for quantitative variables was performed using independent t-test or Mann-Whitney test. Chi-square or Fisher's exact test were used to compare categorical variables. The estimated risk associated with consumption of nutrients and food groups was assessed by OR, with a 95% confidence interval. In order to assess the effect of possible confounding factors such as excess weight or excessive caloric intake, a multivariate analysis was performed with the variables with p<0.15 in the food consumption analysis. The significance level for all analyses was set at p<0.05.RESULTS: The total sample consisted of 118 women, 59 in each group. Of all environmental risk factors investigated, poor sanitation (OR [odds ratio]=3.2, 95%CI 1.43-7.11) and family history for cancer (OR=3.11, 95%CI 1.42-6.78) were significantly associated with the diagnosis of breast cancer. Regarding anthropometric assessments, overweight or obesity and waist circumference >88cm were more prevalent in the case group (OR=2.70, 95%CI 1.28-5.70 and OR=3.10, 95%CI 1.46-6.56, respectively). Regular consumption of ultra-processed foods was identified as a risk factor for breast cancer (adjusted OR=2.35, 95%CI 1.08-5.12).CONCLUSIONS: Higher consumption of ultra-processed food, presence of overweight or obesity, waist circumference ≥88 cm, poor sanitation, and family history of cancer were risk factors for breast cancer in this sample of women living in Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil.

scholarly journals Environmental and Familial Risk Factors of Parkinsons Disease: Case-Control Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya Sanyal ◽  
D. P. Chakraborty ◽  
Biswanath Sarkar ◽  
Tapas Kumar Banerjee ◽  
Subhash Chandra Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Family History ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Water Drinking ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Background:While the cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unknown, evidence suggests certain environmental factors, such as well water drinking, herbicides, pesticides exposure and neurotoxins, may trigger the chain of oxidative reactions culminating in the death of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra to cause Parkinsonism. To investigate the possible impact of environmental risk factors for idiopathic PD, a case-control study was performed in the Eastern India.Methods:During the period from January 1st, 2006 and December 10th, 2009, 175 PD patients (140 men, 35 women) and 350 non-Parkinson age-sex matched controls were included in the study. Subjects were given a structured neurological examination and completed an administered questionnaire which elicited detailed information on demographic data, pesticides, herbicides family history, occupation, dietary and smoking habits.Results:The multivariate analysis revealed that family history of PD, pesticide exposure, exposure to toxins other than pesticides and herbicides, rural living and previous history of depression were associated with increased risk of PD, whereas, smoking appeared to be a protective factor. Well water drinking for at least five years, though a significant risk factor on univariate analysis (OR=4.5, 95% CI=2.1-9.9), could not be proved significant in multivariate analysis. Head trauma, vegetarian dietary habit, occupation involving physical exertion and exposure to domestic pets were not as significant risk factors.Conclusion:Results of our study support the hypothesis of multifactorial etiology of PD with environmental factors acting on a genetically susceptible host.

scholarly journals Ectopic Pregnancy and its Risk Factors: A Case Control Study in Nepalese Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
G. Bhandari ◽  
K.K. Yadav ◽  
R. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Contraceptive Devices ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancies ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy is a significant cause of maternal mortality and morbidity during the first trimester. The major risk factors for ectopic pregnancy include prior tubal infections, previous ectopic pregnancy, previous abortions, use of intrauterine contraceptive devices, contraception failure, tubal surgeries, infertility and use of artificial reproductive pregnancies. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different risk factors in the causation of ectopic pregnancies among women in the Nepalese setting. Materials and methods: This was a case-control study conducted at Kathmandu Medical College comparing 39 cases of ectopic pregnancies with 39 controls consisting of intra-uterine pregnancies. The suspected cases were confirmed through clinical examination, trans-abdominal or trans-vaginal ultrasonography and serum β-hCG levels with further confirmation obtained after laparotomy / laparoscopy among cases who underwent surgery. The two study groups matched with age, gravidity and contraceptive uses were studied. History of previous abortions, previous ectopics and past abdomino-pelvic surgeries were also studied. Results: There was statistically significant difference in the incidence of contraceptive failure among the two groups (p-value= 0.032) with women with such history having a relative risk of 1.667 with odds ratio of 3.400. The risk posed by previous abortions and previous ectopics wasn’t found significant (RR= 1.000 and 2.053 respectively). The history of past abdomino-pelvic surgeries also showed significant role in causation of ectopics (RR= 1.094). Conclusion: Among different risk factors studied, the contraception usage was the most significant risk factors. Oral contraceptive pills was the most identified among the contraception used in cases of ectopic pregnancy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk of Selective and Nonselective Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors (COX-Is) in Arthritic Patients: A Comparative Matched Case Control Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-338
Author(s):  
N. Quraishi ◽  
U. Bhosale ◽  
R. Yegnanarayan ◽  
D. Devasthale
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

This study was conducted to assess and compare the cardiovascular risk and to explore the demography of CV risk of nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COX-Is) and selective COX-2-Is in arthritic patients. In this comparative matched case control study adult arthritic patients of either sex taking COX-Is for >1 yr; were included. Arthritic age and sex matched individuals with no history of COX-Is treatment were the controls. Patients those with history of any other disease (e.g. diabetes, hypertension, stroke, IHD etc.) were excluded. Patients were grouped into Control, nonselective COX-I and selective COX-2-I groups. The CV risk factors like blood pressure, blood sugar level(BSL), lipid profile, BMI(body mass index) etc. were assessed and compared; demography of CV risk factors i.e. age, sex, smoking, alcohol, heredity was also studied. Qualitative data was analyzed using Chi-square and quantitative data was analyzed by student’s‘t’-test. Study clearly revealed that all NSAIDs exhibit significant CV risk when taken over a period of time as in arthritis. However selective COX 2-Is found to exhibit more CV risk in this regard. Odds ratio (OR) for CV risk=10.3(95% CI: 1.45, 3.31) and OR for CV risk=5.2(95%CI: 1.05, 2.57) for nonselective COX-Is. BMI, BSL and lipid profile; the potential CV risk factors, showed significant impairment in selective COX 2-Is group; P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.01 (HDL), P<0.001 (cholesterol), respectively compared to controls and P<0.05 compared to nonselective COX-Is. This study portrays the potential CV risk of selective COX 2-Is and confirms and re-evaluate the results of earlier studies in this regard.  Keywords: Anti-arthritic agents; BMI; COX-Is; CV risk; Lipid profile.  © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.  doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.17039 J. Sci. Res. 6 (2), 328-338 (2014)  

Risk Factors Associated With Dengue Fever Outbreak in Taiz Governorate, Yemen, 2018: Case-control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkareem Ali Hussein Nassar ◽  
Amr Abdulaziz Torbosh ◽  
Yassin Abdulmalik Mahyoub ◽  
Mohammed Abdullah Al Amad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
P Value ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Dengue Fever (DF) is a significant health problem in Yemen especially in the coastal areas. On November 6, 2018, Taiz governorates surveillance officer notified the Ministry of Public Health and Population on an increase in the number of suspected DF in Al Qahirah and Al Mudhaffar districts, Taiz governorate. On November 7, 2018, Field Epidemiology Training Program sent a team to perform an investigation. The aims were to confirm and describe the outbreak by person, place and time in Taiz governorate, and identify its risk factors.Methodology: Descriptive and case-control study (1:2 ratio) were conducted. WHO case definition was used to identify cases in Al Qahirah or Al Mudhaffar districts during August-November 2018. Control was selected from the same districts who did not suffer from DF. Predesigned questionnaire was used to collect data related to sociodemographic, behavioral and environmental characteristics. Bivariate and multivariate backward stepwise analyses were used. The adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. A P value < 0.05 was considered as the cut point for statistically significant. Epi info version 7.2 was used.Results: A total of 50 DF cases were found. Almost 52% were males and 76% were <30 years of age. The overall attack rate was 1/10,000 of the population. Case fatality rate was 4%. In multivariate analysis, not working (aOR = 26.6, 95% CI: 6.8–104.7), not using mosquito repellent (aOR = 13.9, 95% CI:1.4–136.8), wearing short sleeves/pants (aOR = 27.3, 95% CI: 4.8–156.8), poor sanitation (aOR = 5.4, 95% CI: 1.4–20.3), presence of outdoor trees (aOR = 13.2, 95% CI: 2.8–63.0) and houses without window nets (aOR = 15.7, 95% CI: 3.9–63.4) were statistically significant risk factors associated with DF outbreak. Eleven 11 (58%) of blood samples were positive for DF IgM.Conclusions: DF outbreak in Al Qahirah and Al Mudhaffar districts, Taiz governorate was confirmed. This study provides evidence-based information regarding the identified risk factors that contributed to the occurrence of this outbreak. Raising community awareness on the importance of personal protection measures and improving the sanitation services are strongly recommended.

Risk factors for perinatal mortality: a case control study from Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayadevi Brahmanandan ◽  
Lekshmi Murukesan ◽  
Bindu Nambisan ◽  
Shaila Salmabeevi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Perinatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Control Study

Background: The greatest risks to life are in its very beginning. Although a good start in life begins well before birth, it is just before, during, and in the very first hours and days after birth that life is most at risk. This prospective case control study was designed on maternal risk factors for perinatal mortality.Methods: This was a case control study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Paediatrics, Medical College Trivandrum for one year period in 2004-2005. The cases were all the fresh and macerated still births and early neonatal death cases during the study period. The controls were chosen as the next delivery entry in the OR register.Results: During this period, the total number of deliveries was 14,796 and there were 431 perinatal deaths. The perinatal mortality rate was 29.12. This was much higher compared to Kerala’s perinatal mortality rate of 10, the reason being that the study is conducted in a tertiary referral hospital with one of the best new born care nurseries and a large number of referrals. The most significant risk factors for perinatal mortality were low socio-economic status, referrals, late registration, prematurity, low birth weight, intra-uterine growth restriction, maternal diseases like gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes and intrapartum complications like abruption.Conclusions: Perinatal mortality rate serves as the most sensitive index of maternal and neonatal care. Good antenatal care and prevention of preterm birth may play a key role in further reduction of PMR.

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